taking the strain: the impact of musculoskeletal disorders on work and home life

7/30/2019 Taking the strain: The impact of musculoskeletal disorders on work and home life

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9/60

U`fdoj uig ~u}`do1 Uig dc{`nu bh cw~nwlb~fglgu`l ed~b}eg}~ bo zb}f òe ibcg ldhg 4

zdui CÊ~ ub }gc`do do b} }guw}o ub zb}f, zigo uigt `}g `mlg òe zdlldoj ub eb ~b, zbwle

dc{}bxg doedxdew`l ~bnd`l òe zgllmgdoj bwunbcg~, `llbz uigd} dohb}c`l n`}g}~ ub }guw}o ub

{`de gc{lbtcgou, òe èedudbo`llt ~w{{b}u uig ogge~ bh uig gnbobct `~ ` ziblg mt }gu`dodoj

~fdll~, fobzlgejg oe gy{g}dgong/

=/0 Uig {bldnt nbougyu

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ni}bodn ed~g`~g/ ^dong uigo, zb}f i`~ mggo donlwege do uig hd}~u OI^ Bwunbcg~ H}`cgzb}f,

`dcdoj ub {}db}dud~g gc{lbtcgou bwunbcg~ do uig nldodn`l ~guudoj~/0> Do eedudbo, ~gxg}`l

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ug}c nboedudbo~/05

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Uig Zb}f Hbwoeùdbo i`~ `l}gèt gy{}g~~ge nbong}o~ uiù uig~g `~~g~~cgou~ c`t mg

h`dldoj ub u`fg doub `nnbwou uig hlwnuwùdoj oùw}g bh còt ni}bodn nboedudbo~, donlwedoj

CÊ~/07

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0=Dmde/

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10/60

0; U`fdoj uig ~u}`do1 Uig dc{`nu bh cw~nwlb~fglgu`l ed~b}eg}~ bo zb}f òe ibcg ldhg

igl{ ub `nidgxg uid~/ ^dcdl`}lt, uig}g d~ ~nòu gxdegong bh doedxdew`l~ zb}f bwunbcg~ mgdoj `

{}db}dut hb} uig ig`lui ~g}xdng nbccd~~dbog}~, ~dong uig lùg~u Nbccd~~dbodoj Bwunbcg~

H}`cgzb}f ebg~ obu gonbw}`jg nbccd~~dbog}~ ub nbo~deg} zb}f `~ ò bwunbcg hb} {ùdgou~

bh zb}fdoj `jg/

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dougoe ub }guw}o {gb{lg ub zb}f, mwu eb obu `nnbccbeùg uig ~{gndhdn ogge~ bh uib~g zdui

ni}bodn cw~nwlb~fglgu`l ed~g`~g/ @~ ~wni, uib~g zdui ò CÊ c`t lb~g zglh`}g ~w{{b}u, mwu

obu mg ~w{{b}uge m`nf doub gc{lbtcgou, l`nfdoj `{{}b{}d ug cò`jgcgou bh uigd} nboedudbo

do gduig} nldodn`l b} gc{lbtcgou ~guudoj/

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gy{g}dgong~ hb} {gb{lg zdui CÊ~/

=/= Bmagnudxg~

Uig bmagnudxg~ bh uid~ ~uwet zg}g1

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nbcb}mdedut, hwonudbo`l ldcduùdbo~, dc{`nu bo e`dlt ldxdoj, h`cdlt/

>/ Ub degoudht zidni `~{gnu~ bh uig ig`lui n`}g ~t~ugc ~w{{b}u b} idoeg} {`}udnd{ùdbo bh

uig~g doedxdew`l~ ù zb}f/

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ùugoeòng oe {}bewnudxdut$/

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{g}ng{udbo~, gy{g}dgong~ b} bwunbcg~/

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gc{lbtg}~ bo uig ~w{{b}u }gpwd}ge mt doedxdew`l~ ldxdoj zdui CÊ~ ub }guw}o ub òe

}gc`do do zb}f do uig WF/


11/60


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òe nò `mùg hb} lboj {g}dbe~ bh udcg/

^gnboelt, ewg ub uig ~`c{ldoj cguibe, uig eù` d~ ig`xdlt ~fgzge ub uig hgc`lg òe bleg}

{b{wlùdbo1 bxg} 9>/8 {g} ngou bh }g~{boegou~ zg}g hgc`lg òe >:/4 {g} ngou zg}g `jge 77

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zbcgo òe `cboj {gb{lg bh bleg} `jg/

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12/60

0= U`fdoj uig ~u}`do1 Uig dc{`nu bh cw~nwlb~fglgu`l ed~b}eg}~ bo zb}f òe ibcg ldhg

j}bw{~ zg `~fge uig w~g}~ bh ~bnd`l cged` {lùhb}c~, zig}g uig ~w}xgt z`~ èxg}ud~ge, ub

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}g~{boegou~/

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90 )4$, 858#878/=0

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13/60

U`fdoj uig ~u}`do1 Uig dc{`nu bh cw~nwlb~fglgu`l ed~b}eg}~ bo zb}f òe ibcg ldhg 0>

{ùdgou j}bw{~ )zidni ugoe ub donlweg doedxdew`l~ zdui dohl`ccùb}t CÊ~$, òe `l~b bh uig

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14/60


Uig ~w}xgt hbwoe uiù 7>/5 {g} ngou bh {`}udnd{òu~ iè òbuig} ig`lui nboedudbo do èedudbo

ub uigd} CÊ6 uid~ z`~ nbo~d~ugou `n}b~~ `ll uig `jg j}bw{~ zg ~w}xgtge/ Bh uib~g zdui

nbcb}mdedudg~1

>8/8 {g} ngou o`cge cgou`l ig`lui nboedudbo~6

=0/0 {g} ngou }g~{d}ùb}t nboedudbo~6

=7/7 {g} ngou ed`mgug~, N}bio~ ed~g`~g b} DM^6

9/9 {g} ngou n`}edbx`~nwl } nboedudbo~

>/= {g} ngou ogw}blbjdn`l nboedudbo~ )gj cwlud{lg ~nlg}b~d~$6

0/4 {g} ngou dccwog eghdndgont )gj IDX"@DE^$/

Uig ogyu ~gnudbo~ bh uid~ }g{b}u {}g~gou uig hdoedoj~ bh bw} ~w}xgt bh doedxdew`l~ ed`job~ge

zdui CÊ~ do uig WF/ Zg ed~nw~~ uig dc{`nu bh uig~g nboedudbo~ bo uig `mdldut bh uig

doedxdew`l ub {g}hb}c zb}f òe obo#zb}f `nudxdudg~, `~~g~~ uig lgxgl bh ~w{{b}u nw}}goult

`x`dl`mlg ub uigc xd` uig ig`lui n`}g ~t~ugc òe gc{lbtg}~, òe c`fg }gnbccgoeùdbo~ hb}

mguug} cò`jgcgou bh uig zb}f bwunbcg~ bh uib~g ldxdoj zdui CÊ~/


15/60


>/ Dc{`nu bh CÊ~ bo doedxdew`l~ òe ibw~gible~

Uig}g d~ j}bzdoj gxdegong uiù uig ghhgnu~ bh dllog~~ gyugoe mgtboe uig doedxdew`l ub donlweg

n`}g}~, {`}gou~ bh dll nidle}go, òe h`cdlt òe ibw~gible cgcmg}~/

Uid~ ~gnudbo eg~n}dmg~ uig ghhgnu uiù ldxdoj zdui ò CÊ nò i`xg bo doedxdew`l~ e`dlt ldxg~

òe zb}f, òe bo uig {gb{lg `}bwoe uigc/

>/0 Dc{`nu bh ig`lui nboedudbo bo pw`ldut bh ldhg

^w}xgt }g~{boegou~ zg}g `~fge ub g~udcùg uig ~gxg}dut bh uigd} nboedudbo, bo ` ~n`lg bh ;

)ob dc{`nu$ ub 0; )xg}t ~djodhdnòu dc{`nu$/ Hdjw}g >/0 {}g~gou~ uig ed~u}dmwudbo bh uig

}g~{bo~g~ mt uig ~gxg}dut bh uig dc{`nu bh uig nboedudbo/

Hdjw}g >/0/ ^wmagnudxg ~gxg}dut bh uig ig`lui nboedudbo do jgog}`l, o 3 9;:


16/60


Bo `xg}`jg, uig }g~{boegou~ doednùge uig ~gxg}dut bh uigd} nboedudbo ù 8/74 )Ê 3 0/48$,

zidni nb}}g~{boe~ ub `mbxg `xg}`jg ~gxg}dut/ Uig ~gxg}dut bh uig nboedudbo ede obu nb}}glùg

zdui uig }g~{boegou~ `jg, ob} zdui uig owcmg} bh tg`}~ ldxge zdui uig nboedudbo/ Ibzgxg},

uib~g zdui ` nbcb}mdedut zg}g ~ldjiult cb}g ldfglt ub }g{b}u ` j}gùg} ~gxg}dut bh uigd} ig`lui

nboedudbo do jgog}`l )8/5=, Ê 3 0/4> x~/ 8/==, Ê 3 0/4=$!!!/ =>

^wni lgxgl bh ~gxg}dut d~ woldfglt ub mg ni`}`nug}d~udn bh uig goud}g {b{wlùdbo bh doedxdew`l~

zdui CÊ~, òe uid~ hgùw}g bh uig ~`c{lg c`t }ghlgnu uig h`nu uiù uig }g~{boegou~ do `

~w}xgt iè ldxge zdui uig ed~g`~g ` h`d}lt lboj udcg1 cgò owcmg} bh tg`}~ ldxge zdui uig

~tc{ubc~ z`~ 07/;4 )Ê 3 0=/;:$/

Hb} hw}uig} ò`lt~d~ {w}{b~g~ zg ~{ldu uig }g~{boegou~ doub hbw} pw`}udlg~ `nnb}edoj ub uig

~gxg}dut bh uigd} nboedudbo/ U`mlg >/0 ld~u~ uig owcmg} bh }g~{boegou~ do g`ni nùgjb}t bh

dc{`nu/

U`mlg >/0/ [}b{b}udbo bh }g~{boegou~ mt ~gxg}dut bh CÊ dc{`nu

Pw`}udlg Cgò dc{`nu )Ê$ Owcmg} bh

}g~{boegou~

[g} ngou

; = )cdle dc{`nu$ 0/4; );/>0$ =4 >/8

> 7 )cbeg}ùg

dc{`nu$

5/=4 );/:4$ 04; =>/7

8 9 )~gxg}g dc{`nu$ :/0: );/:4$ 597 8;/0

4#0; )og`} nbc{lgug

lb~~ bh hwonudbo$

4/5= );/7;$ 0;> 0=/9

Zg `l~b `~fge uig }g~{boegou~ ub doednùg uig dc{`nu bh uig nboedudbo bo {it~dn`l `nudxdudg~

)gj nlgòdoj uig ibw~g, ~ib{{doj, z`lfdoj, {`}udnd{ùdbo do ~{b}u~$, ~bnd`l `nudxdudg~ )gj

xd~dudoj h}dgoe~ òe h`cdlt, ~bnd`l b} nwluw}`l bwudoj~, woeg}u`fdoj xblwou`}t zb}f$, `~ zgll `~

uig dc{`nu bh uig nboedudbo ù zb}f bo ` ~n`lg bh 0 )ob dc{`nu$ ub 7 )` j}gù eg`l bh dc{`nu$/

@ll hbw} bh uig~g ~n`lg~ nb}}glùge zgll zdui g`ni buig} ){ 3 ;/;0$, hb} gy`c{lg, uig j}gùg}

z`~ uig bxg}`ll dc{`nu bh uig nboedudbo, uig j}gùg} z`~ du~ dc{`nu bo {it~dn`l `nudxdudg~/

^dcdl`}lt, uig cb}g ~gxg}g uig nboedudbo, uig cb}g ldfglt du z`~ ub dc{`nu bo x`}dbw~ ~{ig}g~

bh doedxdew`l~ ldxg~, hb} gy`c{lg, ~bnd`l `nudxdudg~ òe zb}f/

=>Ig}g oe mglbz uig hbllbzdoj lgxgl~ bh ~uùd~udn`l ~djodhdnòng }g {{ldge1 ;/;7!6 ;/;0!!6;/;;0!!!/


17/60

U`fdoj uig ~u}`do1 Uig dc{`nu bh cw~nwlb~fglgu`l ed~b}eg}~ bo zb}f òe ibcg ldhg 0:

Zidlg zg ~w~{gnuge uiù uig egj}gg bh dc{`nu zbwle edhhg} mt uig }g~{boegou~ `jg, uig bolt

`jg j}bw{ uiù ~ubbe bwu do ug}c~ bh ~gxg}dut bh uig nboedudbo z`~ uig 57#75 tg`}~ ble j}bw{,

zidni d~ ldfglt ub mg ldofge ub uig h`nu uiù uid~ z`~ uig l`}jg~u j}bw{ bh }g~{boegou~, zdui uig

idjig~u }ùdb bh zbcgo ub cgo/ U`mlg >/= mglbz nbc{`}g~ uig bxg}`ll dc{`nu bh CÊ~, `~

zgll `~ uig dc{`nu bh uig nboedudbo~ bo {it~dn`l, ~bnd`l òe zb}f `nudxdudg~ mguzggo uig `jg

j}bw{~/

U`mlg >/=/ Nbc{`}d~bo bh cgò )Ê$ dc{`nu bh CÊ~ mt `nudxdut òe `jg j}bw{

@jg Bxg}`ll ~uùg bhnboedudbo)0 lg`~u

dc{`nu6 0; zb}~u dc{`nu$

Dc{`nu bo{it~dn`l

`nudxdudg~ )0 lg`~u dc{`nu6 7

zb}~u dc{`nu$

Dc{`nu bo~bnd`l `nudxdudg~

)0 lg`~udc{`nu6 7

zb}~u dc{`nu$

Dc{`nu zidl~uù zb}f )0

lg`~u dc{`nu6 7 zb}~u dc{`nu$

09#=7 7/99 )=/;4$ >/8: );/4=$ >/8: )0/;0$ =/7> )0/04$=8#>5 8/80 )0/48$ >/:= )0/00$ >/8= )0/=9$ =/4: )0/;5$>7#55 8/88 )=/;0$ >/9> );/49$ >/:; )0/05$ =/47 )0/0=$57#75 8/:4 )0/44$ 5/;; );/44$ >/:7 )0/05$ >/;4 )0/=0$77#85 8/77 )0/9>$ >/97 )0/;>$ >/7: )0/==$ =/4> )0/09$87 òe bxg} 8/;5 )0/49$ >/8: )0/;:$ >/=: )0/=>$ =/7: );/49$Ubu`l 8/74 )0/48$ >/9: )0/;=$ >/8> )0/04$ =/4: )0/08$

Uig }glùdxglt lbzg} dc{`nu bh uig nboedudbo bo zb}f `nudxdudg~, nbc{`}ge ub buig} ut{g~ bh

`nudxdudg~ c`t {bdou ub uig h`nu uiù uib~g doedxdew`l~ zdui CÊ~ zib }g{b}u lbzg} nboedudbo

~gxg}dut `}g cb}g ldfglt ub mg do zb}f/ @~ uig dc{`nu bh ` ni}bodn nboedudbo bo zb}f c`t

nbou}dmwug ub uig doedxdew`l~ egnd~dbo ub zduie}`z h}bc uig l`mbw} c`}fgu b} ub }gewng uigd}

zb}f {`}udnd{ùdbo, zg gy{lb}g uid~ dc{`nu bo zb}f hw}uig}/

>/= Dc{`nu bo gc{lbtcgou ~uùw~

CÊ~ nò }g~wlu do {}blbojge {g}dbe~ bh ~dnfog~~ `m~gong òe lb~u {}bewnudxdut ù zb}f,

i`xdoj ` e}`cùdn dc{`nu bo uig doedxdew`l~ `mdldut ub ~u`t do uig l`mbw} c`}fgu òe }gc`do

{}bewnudxg/ Hb} gy`c{lg, bog bh uig cb~u ed~`mldoj CÊ~, }igwcùbde `}ui}dud~ )]@$ d~ `

ni}bodn {}bj}g~~dxg `wubdccwog ed~g`~g uiù n`w~g~ {`do òe ~zglldoj do uig abdou~ bh

iòe~, z}d~u~ òe hggu/ Du d~ g~udcùge uiù :; {g} ngou bh doedxdew`l~ zdll i`xg d}}gxg}~dmlg

abdou eg~u}wnudbo do uig hd}~u tg`} bh mgdoj ed`job~ge/ Zdui 9; {g} ngou bh uib~g bh zb}fdoj `jg

i`xg ed~`mldoj {`do òe ~udhhog~~, zidni }gewng~ uigd} hwonudbo`l `mdldudg~/=5 Doedxdew`l~ ldxdoj

=5

Hdld{bxdn, D/, Z`lfg}, E/, Hb~ug}, H/ oe Nw}}t, @/^/ )=;00$/ Pwòudhtdoj uig gnbobcdn mw}ego bh {}bewnudxdut lb~~ do }igwcùbde`}ui}dud~/ ]igwcùblbjt, 7;)8$, 0;9>#0;4;/


18/60


zdui ]@ i`xg ~djodhdnòu lgxgl~ bh `m~gouggd~c òe gc{lbtcgou ~uùw~ niòjg~, zidni `ll

w~w`llt {}gngeg gydu h}bc uig zb}fhb}ng/

Hb} ed~`mldoj CÊ~ g`}lt ed`job~d~ òe u}gùcgou nò lg~~go uig ed~`mldoj ghhgnu~ bh uig~g

nboedudbo~/ @ }gngoult egxglb{ge Zb}f Do~u`mdldut ^n`lg )@^#ZD^$ eg~djoge ub egugnu zb}fdo~u`mdldut hb} oftlb~doj ~{boetldud~ )@^$, zidni w~w`llt {}gngeg~ {`}ud`l b} hwll zduie}`z`l

h}bc uig zb}f hb}ng, hbwoe uiù ~glh#}g{b}uge ed~g`~g ~gxg}dut )jlbm`l `~~g~~cgou$ {}gednuge

zb}f do~u`mdldut hb} {ùdgou~ do ` l`}jg WF ib~{du`l/=7 Uid~ ~wjjg~u~ uiù `{{}b{}dùg

cò`jgcgou bh uig ed~g`~g ~tc{ubc~ c`t dc{}bxg gc{lbtcgou bwunbcg~ bh doedxdew`l~

zdui CÊ~/ U`mlg >/> gy{lb}g~ uig ~gxg}dut bh uig ig`lui nboedudbo `cboj {gb{lg bh edhhg}gou

gc{lbtcgou ~uùw~/

U`mlg >/>/ [}b{b}udbo bh doedxdew`l~ zdui x`}dbw~ ~gxg}dut lgxgl~ bh uig nboedudbo, mt

gc{lbtcgou ~uùw~

Gc{lbtcgou ~uùw~^gxg}dut bh nboedudbo

; = > 7 8 9 4 0;

Do {`de zb}f, o 3 >:0 7/0' =4/5' 79/9' 8/:'

Do gewnùdbo, o 3 9 ;/;' =7/;' 8=/7' 0=/7'

Wogc{lbtge oe `nudxglt

lbbfdoj hb} ` abm, o 3 07

;/;' 0>/>' :>/>' 0>/>'

Wogc{lbtge, zòudoj ` abm

mwu obu `nudxglt lbbfdoj hb}

` abm, o 3 =9

;/;' 0:/4' 85/>' 0:/4'

[g}cògoult ~dnf b}

ed~`mlge, o 3 =0;=/4' 9/8' 87/=' =>/>'

]gud}ge, o 3 00> ;/4' >=/:' 79/5' 9/;'

Do wo{`de zb}f

)xblwougg}doj, ibcg

zb}fdoj$, o 3 08

8/>' >0/>' 8=/7' ;/;'

Buig}, o 3 58 5/>' =8/0' 5>/7' =8/0'

Ubu`l >/8' =>/7' 8;/0' 0=/9'

=7

H`m}gjwgu, D/, Fbwc`fd~, G/, Mw}fd, X/, Ew}ogq, @/, Gli`d, C/ gu l/ )=;00$/ @~~g~~cgou bh zb}f do~u`mdldut do {boetlb`}ui}dud~1` n}b~~#~gnudbo`l ~uwet w~doj uig @oftlb~doj {boetldud~ zb}f do~u`mdldut ~n`lg/ ]igwcùblbjt, 70, >>>#>:/


19/60


Uig u`mlg ~ibz~ uiù mgdoj do {`de zb}f z`~ `~~bndùge zdui lbzg} egj}gg bh ~gxg}dut bh uig

nboedudbo )8/05, Ê 3 0/4: do zb}f x~ 8/49, Ê 3 0/97 obu do zb}f$/!!!Uig ò`lt~d~ bh uig

egj}gg bh dc{`nu bo {it~dn`l `nudxdudg~ òe ~bnd`l `nudxdudg~ i`~ idjildjiuge ~dcdl`} ~djodhdnòu

edhhg}gong~ )>/89, Ê 3 0/;= do zb}f x~ 5/;>, Ê 3 ;/44!!! obu do zb}f hb} {it~dn`l `nudxdudg~,

òe >/>8, Ê 3 0/=0 do zb}f x~ >/9:, Ê 3 0/0=!!! obu do zb}f hb} ~bnd`l `nudxdudg~$/Zidlg

uig}g d~ `c{lg gxdegong uiù zb}f d~ uig}`{gwudn ub }gnbxg}t òe }gi`mdlduùdbo du d~ cb}g

ldfglt uiù uib~g zdui lg~~ ~gxg}g hb}c~ bh uig nboedudbo c`dou`do `nudxg gc{lbtcgou ~uùw~/

@~ ~wni, uig edhhg}gong~ do uig ~gxg}dut ~nb}g~ zg}g }gxg}~ge zigo zg nbc{`}ge

{g}cògoult ~dnf òe ed~`mlge zdui buig} j}bw{~1 :/59, Ê 3 0/:7 x~ 8/=96 Ê 3 0/4>!!! hb}

jgog}`l ig`lui ~uùg6 5/=:, Ê 3 ;/4> x~ >/:>, Ê 3 0/;0!!! hb} dc{`nu bo {it~dn`l `nudxdudg~

òe 5/=9, Ê 3 ;/98 x~ >/50 Ê 3 0/=;!!! hb} dc{`nu bo ~bnd`l `nudxdudg~/ Ob ~djodhdnòu

edhhg}gong~ zg}g hbwoe mguzggo uib~g }gud}ge òe buig} j}bw{~, `luibwji `lcb~u ui}gg

pw`}ug}~ bh uig }gud}gg~ ~`de uig nboedudbo dohlwgonge uigd} egnd~dbo ub }gud}g/ Jdxgo uig

{}bj}g~~dxg oùw}g bh uig ed~g`~g, g`}lt doug}xgoudbo hb} {}gxgoudoj uig ogjùdxg bwunbcg~ bh

CÊ~ d~ }gpwd}ge/

^dcdl`}lt, uib~g wogc{lbtge òe obu `nudxglt lbbfdoj hb} ` abm i`xg idjig} ed~g`~g ~gxg}dut,

zidni c`t {}gxgou uigc h}bc mgdoj gc{lbtge/ Zigo zg `~fge `ll uig }g~{boegou~ zib

zg}g ed~`mlge, wogc{lbtge, b} do gewnùdbo `mbwu uigd} }g`~bo~ hb} obu i`xdoj ` abm, ò

bxg}ziglcdoj càb}dut bh uigc doednùge uiù uigd} nboedudbo {}gxgouge uigc h}bc zb}fdoj/

Hdjw}g >/= dllw~u}ùg~ uid~ òe buig} }g`~bo~ hb} mgdoj bwu~deg zb}f/


20/60

=; U`fdoj uig ~u}`do1 Uig dc{`nu bh cw~nwlb~fglgu`l ed~b}eg}~ bo zb}f òe ibcg ldhg

Hdjw}g >/=/ C`do }g`~bo hb} obu mgdoj do zb}f, o 3 =87

Bh uib~g gc{lbtge, 80/7 {g} ngou zb}fge hwll#udcg òe >9/7 {g} ngou zb}fge {`}u#udcg/ Bxg}

55 {g} ngou bh uig }g~{boegou~ iè cò`jg}d`l ewudg~/ Cb}g uiò ` hdhui )=>/0 {g} ngou$ bh

gc{lbtge }g~{boegou~ zb}fge do còw`l abm~ zdui uig }gc`dodoj :8/4 {g} ngou ibledoj obo#

còw`l abm~/ Bh uig gc{lbtge }g~{boegou~, >7/7 {g} ngou zb}fge do uig {}dxùg ~gnub}, 5=/;do uig {wmldn ~gnub}, òe 0;/5 {g} ngou zg}g ~glh#gc{lbtge/ Uig~g {}b{b}udbo~ `}g m}bèlt

}g{}g~gouùdxg bh uig WF zb}fhb}ng do jgog}`l òe ob ~djodhdnòu edhhg}gong~ zg}g hbwoe do

uig ~gxg}dut bh uig ed~g`~g mguzggo j}bw{~ zdui x`}dbw~ ut{g~ bh abm ni`}`nug}d~udn~/ Uig}g

zg}g ob ~djodhdnòu edhhg}gong~ do uig }g{b}uge ~gxg}dut bh uig nboedudbo mguzggo uig j}bw{~

bh }g~{boegou~ zdui edhhg}gou abm ni`}`nug}d~udn~/

Ogxg}uiglg~~, doedxdew`l~ zdui CÊ~ }g{b}uge ` ~djodhdnòu dc{`nu bh uig CÊ~ bo uigd} abm

b{{b}uwodudg~ òe n`}gg} nibdng~/ Hb} gy`c{lg, 89/9 {g} ngou ~`de uigd} nboedudbo `hhgnuge

uigd} abm ~ùd~h`nudbo, òe 70/4 {g} ngou mgldgxge du `hhgnuge uigd} nibdng bh abm, zidlg 89/= {g}

ngou hggl uigt nòobu niòjg abm~ mgn`w~g bh uig nboedudbo/

Gpw`llt, du z`~ nlg`} uiù {gb{lg zdui CÊ~ gy{g}dgonge nbong}o~ bxg} abm ~gnw}dut mgn`w~g

bh uigd} nboedudbo/ @o bxg}ziglcdoj 4>/7 {g} ngou `j}gge uiù uigt ~bcgudcg~ jb ub zb}f

eg~{dug obu hggldoj zgll mgn`w~g bh uigd} nboedudbo/ Idji ugoegont ub jb ub zb}f zigo dll

){}g~gouggd~c$ `cboj uib~g zdui CÊ~ ~wjjg~u~ uiù còt gc{lbtgg~ c`t gy{g}dgong

{}g~~w}g gduig} h}bc uigc~glxg~ b} h}bc uigd} cò`jgcgou ub ebzo{l`t uig ghhgnu bh

uigd} nboedudbo, `~ `lcb~u =8/0 {g} ngou bh zb}fdoj }g~{boegou~ hg`}ge lb~doj uigd} abm/ ^wni


21/60

U`fdoj uig ~u}`do1 Uig dc{`nu bh cw~nwlb~fglgu`l ed~b}eg}~ bo zb}f òe ibcg ldhg =0

mgi`xdbw}~ c`t nbou}dmwug ub uig egl`t do degoudhtdoj òe cò`jdoj uig nboedudbo do uig

zb}f{l`ng nbougyu, òe lgè ub `nuw`l abm lb~~/ Hdjw}g >/> dllw~u}ùg~ uid~, òe buig}

zb}f{l`ng nbong}o~ bh doedxdew`l~ zdui CÊ~/

Hdjw}g >/>/ Zb}f#}glùge nbong}o~ `~~bndùge zdui i`xdoj ò CÊ, o 3 >:=

@~ Hdjw}g >/> ~ibz~, doègpwùg {g}hb}còng òe abm lb~~ zg}g uig ub{ nbong}o~ `cboj

uib~g zdui CÊ~ zdui }gj`}e ub uigd} zb}f `mdldut/ Hw}uig} ò`lt~d~ doednùge uiù uib~g zdui

cdle ed~g`~g ~gxg}dut ~nb}g~ zg}g cb~ult nbong}oge `mbwu cò`jgcgou bh ~tc{ubc~ )>8/9

{g} ngou bh }g~{boegou~$, zidlg uib~g zdui cbeg}ùg òe ~gxg}g hb}c~ bh ed~g`~g zg}g

cb~ult nbong}oge zdui uigd} {g}hb}còng )57/4 {g} ngou òe >>/; {g} ngou }g~{gnudxglt$/

Hdo`llt, abm lb~~, z`~ uig càb} nbong}o hb} uib~g zdui ~gxg}g òe cb~u ~gxg}g hb}c~ bh

ed~g`~g )=9/5 {g} ngou òe 7=/; {g} ngou }g~{gnudxglt$/

Du d~ nlg`} uiù, `~ uig nboedudbo {}bj}g~~g~, doedxdew`l~ zdui CÊ~ gy{g}dgong j}bzdoj

dc{`nu bh uig ed~g`~g bo uigd} `mdldut ub {g}hb}c ù zb}f, zdui don}g`~doj nbong}o~ bxg}

gxgouw`l abm lb~~/ Doegge, uig ~w}xgt idjildjiuge uiù doedxdew`l~ gy{g}dgong bh CÊ~ c`t

i`xg lge ub don}g`~ge ~dnfog~~ `m~gong òe {}bewnudxdut/ Ugc{b}`}t zb}f don`{`ndut, `~

zgll `~ do`mdldut ub {g}hb}c ub uig hwll {bugoud`l, don}g`~g~ uig }d~f bh zduie}`z`l h}bc zb}f òe

{`}ud`l b} hwll lb~~ bh g`}odoj~/ Uig ogyu ~gnudbo lbbf~ ù uid~ }d~f do cb}g egu`dl/


22/60

== U`fdoj uig ~u}`do1 Uig dc{`nu bh cw~nwlb~fglgu`l ed~b}eg}~ bo zb}f òe ibcg ldhg

>/> Lb~~ bh zb}fdoj udcg òe {}bewnudxdut

CÊ~ `}g uig lgèdoj n`w~g bh ugc{b}`}t òe {g}cògou don`{`ndut `n}b~~ Gw}b{g/ @l}gèt

CÊ~ `nnbwou hb} 54/4 {g} ngou bh `ll `m~gong~ h}bc zb}f l`~udoj > e`t~ b} lbojg} òe hb}

8; {g} ngou bh {g}cògou zb}f don`{`ndut/=8

Do uid~ ~w}xgt uig }g~{boegou~ lb~u ò `xg}`jg

bh 5/00 ibw}~ bh zb}f do uig zggf {}gngedoj uigd} }g~{bo~g/ Zdui ò `xg}`jg zb}fdoj zggf

bh >0/4 ibw}~, uid~ }g{}g~gou~ ` lb~~ bh aw~u woeg} 0> {g} ngou bh uigd} zb}fdoj udcg/

Bhugo uig {g}dbe~ bh `m~gong `~~bndùge zdui CÊ~ nò l`~u ~gxg}`l e`t~ b} zggf~/ Zidlg

97 {g} ngou bh {gb{lg zib u`fg ~dnf lg`xg ewg ub m`nf {`do i`xg hgzg} uiò ~gxgo e`t~ bhh,

uig buig} 07 {g} ngou `}g `m~gou hb} bxg} ` cboui/=: ]g~g`}ni n`}}dge bwu mt uig Oùdbo`l

]igwcùbde @}ui}dud~ ^bndgut hbwoe uiù doedxdew`l~ zdui ]@ i`xg, bo `xg}`jg, 5; e`t~ ~dnf

lg`xg ` tg`} nbc{`}ge ub 8/7 e`t~ hb} uig `xg}`jg {g}~bo/

=9

Zg fobz uiù {}blbojge ~dnfog~~ `m~gong nò gxgouw`llt lgè ub zb}fg}~ e}b{{doj bwu bh

uig l`mbw} c`}fgu/ ^bcgbog zib d~ bhh zb}f hb} 8 cboui~ b} lbojg} d~ 9; {g} ngou cb}g ldfglt

ub mg bwu bh zb}f hb} 7 tg`}~/=4 Do còt n`~g~, du d~ m`}}dg}~ ù zb}f uiù {}gxgou~ b} egl`t~ `

}guw}o ub zb}f/>; Mguug} ~w{{b}u zduido uig zb}f{l`ng d~ }gpwd}ge ub ~w{{b}u {b~dudxg zb}f

bwunbcg~ hb} doedxdew`l~ zdui CÊ~/

Do uid~ ~w}xgt, 9; doedxdew`l~ bh 00> zib nl`~~dhdge uigc~glxg~ `~ }gud}ge ):;/9 {g} ngou$ lghu

uig l`mbw} c`}fgu mghb}g uigt uw}oge 8; tg`}~ ble/ ^dcdl`}lt, 0>= bh =0; }g~{boegou~ zibzg}g {g}cògoult ~dnf b} ed~`mlge )8=/4 {g} ngou$ zg}g tbwojg} uiò 77 tg`}~ ble/ Zdui

mguug} ~w{{b}u ub cò`jg uigd} nboedudbo~ do nldodn`l òe zb}f{l`ng ~guudoj~, ~bcg bh uig~g

zduie}`z`l~ h}bc uig l`mbw} c`}fgu nbwle mg {}gxgouge/

Do èedudbo ub }gewndoj uig ~dqg bh uig zb}fhb}ng, ed~`mdldut òe g`}lt }gud}gcgou `l~b }gewng

uig {bbl bh ~fdll~ `x`dl`mlg ub uig WF gc{lbtg}~/ Bh uib~g {g}cògoult ~dnf"ed~`mlge òe

}gud}ge 8=/7 {g} ngou igle ~bcg hb}c bh xbnùdbo`l b} {}bhg~~dbo`l pw`ldhdnùdbo~/ @j`do, uig~g

~fdll~ nbwle {bugoud`llt mg }geg{lbtge do uig l`mbw} c`}fgu òe `}g obu g`~dlt }g{l`nge mt

gc{lbtg}~/

=8 Mgxò, /, Pwè}gllb, U/, CnJgg, ]/, Cìebo, C/, X`x}bx~ft, @/ gu l/ )=;;4$/ Hdu hb} Zb}f2 Cw~nwlb~fglgu`l ed~b}eg}~ douig Gw}b{gò zb}fhb}ng/ Lboebo1 Uig Zb}f Hbwoeùdbo/=:

Mgxò gu l/ )=;;:$/=9

Oùdbo`l ]igwcùbde @}ui}dud~ bndgut )O]@^$ )=;0;$/ Uig Gnbobcdn Mw}ego bh ]igwcùbde @}ui}dud~/ Mg}f~id}g1 O]@^/]gu}dgxge bo =8 @wjw~u =;0= h}bc zzz/o}`~/b}j/wf=4

Zèegll, J/ òe Mw}ubo, @/ F/ )=;;8$/ D~ zb}f jbbe hb} tbw} ig`lui òe zgll#mgdoj2 Lboebo1 Eg{`}ucgou hb} Zb}f oe[go~dbo~/>;

I^G Ig`lui oe `hgut Gygnwudxg/ )=;0;$/ Zb}fdoj ubjguig} ub {}gxgou ~dnfog~~ `m~gong mgnbcdoj abm lb~~/ Ig`luiòe `hgut Gygnwudxg/


23/60

U`fdoj uig ~u}`do1 Uig dc{`nu bh cw~nwlb~fglgu`l ed~b}eg}~ bo zb}f òe ibcg ldhg =>

@obuig} ut{g bh doed}gnu nb~u `~~bndùge zdui ni}bodn ed~g`~g, donlwedoj CÊ~, d~ uig lb~~ bh

{}bewnudxdut zidl~u ù zb}f, b} {}g~gouggd~c/ Ni}bodn nboedudbo~ zigo obu cò`jge

{}b{g}lt c`t nbou}dmwug ub uig zb}fg}~ obu {g}hb}cdoj ub uigd} hwll n`{`ndut/

[}bewnudxdut lb~~ d~ edhhdnwlu ub cg`~w}g, òe uig `x`dl`mlg do~u}wcgou~ `}g c`dolt m`~ge bo~glh#}g{b}uge eù`/ Bog bh uig cg`~w}g~ bh uig dc{`nu bh ig`lui ~uùg ~{gndhdn`llt bo uig

{}bewnudxdut bh gc{lbtgg~ ù zb}f d~ uig Zb}f [}bewnudxdut òe @nudxdut Dc{`d}cgou ~n`lg

)Z[@D$, egxglb{ge `~ ` {ùdgou#}g{b}uge pwòuduùdxg `~~g~~cgou bh uig `cbwou bh

`m~gouggd~c, {}g~gouggd~c oe e`dlt nudxdut dc{`d}cgou uu}dmwu`mlg ub jgog}`l ig`lui

)Z[@D1JI$ b} ` ~{gndhdn ig`lui {}bmlgc )Z[@D1Î[$/ Uig Z[@D1JI òe uig Z[@D1Î[

zg}g n}gùge ~dcwluògbw~lt òe w~g uig ~`cg ugc{lùg, mwu do uig JI xg}~dbo uig ~wmagnu

d~ do~u}wnuge ub }g~{boe zdui }ghg}gong ub jgog}`l ig`lui ~uùw~ zidlg do uig Î[ xg}~dbo, uig

~wmagnu }g~{boe~ zdui }ghg}gong ub ` ~{gndhdge ig`lui {}bmlgc, ed~g`~g b} nboedudbo/>0

Do uid~ ò`lt~d~, uig ~glh#}g{b}uge Z[@D#Î[ z`~ w~ge ub doxg~udjùg uig dc{`nu bh CÊ bo `

{g}~bo~ ubu`l zb}f {}bewnudxdut/ Du d~ ò doug}oùdbo`llt x`ldeùge do~u}wcgou uiù `~~g~~g~ uig

dc{`nu bh ig`lui bo zb}f òe `nudxdut ew}doj uig l`~u : e`t~/ Du nbllgnuge dohb}cùdbo bo uig

ibw}~ bh zb}f cd~~ge mgn`w~g bh CÊ6 ibw}~ cd~~ge mgn`w~g bh buig} }g`~bo~ g/j/ iblde`t6

ibw}~ `nuw`llt zb}fge6 uig egj}gg ub zidni CÊ i`~ `hhgnuge {}bewnudxdut zidlg zb}fdoj

h}bc ; )ob ghhgnu$ ub 0; )c`ydcwc dc{`d}cgou$6 òe uig egj}gg ub zidni CÊ `hhgnuge buig}

)obo#zb}f$ }gjwl`} `nudxdudg~ );0;$/ Zg hbwoe uiù bo `xg}`jg uig }g~{boegou~ gy{g}dgonge5>/4 )=8/9$ {g} ngou {}bewnudxdut lb~~ ù zb}f/>= Uig {}bewnudxdut lb~~ ede obu edhhg} hb} uib~g

{g}hb}cdoj còw`l òe obo#còw`l abm~/

Bo `xg}`jg, 80/; )=>/5$ {g} ngou {}bewnudxdut zg}g lb~u do e`dlt `nudxdudg~ mt uib~g do {`de

zb}f, nbc{`}ge ub :>/= )=0/;$ {g} ngou `cboj uib~g obu do {`de zb}f/ [g}ngdxge ~gxg}dut bh

uig }g~{boegou~ nboedudbo nb}}glùge mbui zdui uig {}bewnudxdut lb~~ ù zb}f )} 3 ;/>7;!!, o 3

=>7$ òe {}bewnudxdut lb~~ do e`dlt `nudxdudg~ )} 3 ;/7:5!!, o 3 9;=$/

Wludcùglt, ~u`tdoj `nudxg do uig l`mbw} c`}fgu d~ dc{b}uòu hb} uig hdoònd`l zgllmgdoj bh uigdoedxdew`l~ zdui CÊ~ òe uigd} h`cdldg~/ Zb}}tdojlt, 70/9 {g} ngou bh }g~{boegou~ do uid~

~w}xgt ~`de uiù i`xdoj uig nboedudbo i`~ dc{`nuge uigd} g`}odoj~, zidni nò ~{dll bxg} doub

uig hdoònd`l zgllmgdoj bh h`cdldg~ òe ibw~gible~, `~ zgll `~ {}g~gou ` ~u}`do bo uig WF

zglh`}g ~t~ugc/ Uig ogyu ~gnudbo gy{lb}g~ uid~ {}bmlgc do cb}g egu`dl/

>0^gg ]gdllt @~~bndùg~ iuu{1""zzz/}gdllt ~~bndùg~/ogu"Z[@DRJgog}`l/iucl

>=

Uig }g~{boegou~ doednùge uigt ~{gou o `xg}`jg bh >;/99 ibw}~ )hwll#udcg$ oe 0=/7> ibw}~ ){`}u#udcg$ u zb}f do uig{}gxdbw~ zggf/


24/60

=5 U`fdoj uig ~u}`do1 Uig dc{`nu bh cw~nwlb~fglgu`l ed~b}eg}~ bo zb}f òe ibcg ldhg

>/5 Dc{`nu bo ibw~gible~

Hdoònd`l zgllmgdoj, ldofge ub uig gc{lbtcgou ~uùw~, d~ ldfglt ub mg ` {`}udnwl`} nbong}o

`cboj uib~g zdui lboj#ug}c nboedudbo~/ @~ dllw~u}ùge `mbxg, uig ldfgldibbe bh mgdoj bwu bh

zb}f don}g`~g~ zdui uig {}bj}g~~ bh uig ed~g`~g, gduig} ewg ub uig cbmdldut ldcduùdbo~

`~~bndùge zdui uig ed~g`~g, b} ò do`mdldut ub `nnbccbeùg uig ni}bodn nboedudbo do uig

zb}f{l`ng/ Bong uib~g zdui ni}bodn nboedudbo~ `}g bwu bh zb}f, òe uig lbojg} uigt `}g

do`nudxg, uigt `}g don}g`~dojlt lg~~ ldfglt ub hdoe òbuig} abm/>> Uid~ d~ ` nbong}o hb} ~gxg}`l

}g`~bo~/

Hd}~u, hdoònd`l {}bmlgc~ `~~bndùge zdui lb~~ bh donbcg }g~wlu do lbzg} ldxdoj ~uòe`}e~,

zidni c`t do uw}o }gewng ~bnd`l dougj}ùdbo òe lbzg} ~glh#g~uggc/ ^gnboe, wogc{lbtcgou

nò u}djjg} ed~u}g~~, òydgut òe eg{}g~~dbo, gy`ng}mùdoj uig ~uùg bh doedxdew`l~ ig`lui òei`xdoj ` ~{dllbxg} dc{`nu bo h`cdldg~ òe ibw~gible~/ Uid}e, wogc{lbtcgou i`~ mggo ldofge

ub {bb} ldhg~utlg nibdng~, ~wni `~ don}g`~ge ~cbfdoj òe `lnbibl nbo~wc{udbo òe

egn}g`~ge {it~dn`l gyg}nd~g, òe c`t lgè ub hw}uig} b} èedudbo`l ig`lui {}bmlgc~/>5

Do uid~ ~w}xgt =8> bh uig =88 }g~{boegou~ obu do gc{lbtcgou b} gewnùdbo doednùge uiù uigt

i`xg {}gxdbw~lt mggo do {`de gc{lbtcgou6 7:/5 {g} ngou bh uigc iè mggo {}dc`}t g`}og}~

bh uigd} ibw~gible~ mghb}g lg`xdoj ` {`de abm/ Gpw`llt, 79/7 {g} ngou bh uib~g gc{lbtge òe

ldxdoj zdui CÊ~ do uig ~w}xgt `}g uig {}dc`}t donbcg g`}og}~/

Abm lb~~, uig}ghb}g, }d~f~ ~weego egu}dcgou`l dc{`nu bo uig donbcg bh uig~g ibw~gible~/ Dh

doedxdew`l~, zib `}g {}dc`}t donbcg g`}og}~, ~ub{ zb}fdoj, uig dc{`nu bh uig donbcg lb~~

`hhgnu~ mbui uig~g doedxdew`l~ òe uigd} ibw~gible~/ Do uig ~w}xgt ` l`}jg {}b{b}udbo bh uig

}g~{boegou~ zg}g `jge >7 tg`}~ ble òe bxg}, òe uig}ghb}g ldfglt ub i`xg n`}doj

}g~{bo~dmdldudg~ hb} nidle}go b} `jgdoj {`}gou~/ @u uig ~`cg udcg, =8/9 {g} ngou bh uib~g

gc{lbtge zg}g nbong}oge `mbwu }gu`dodoj uigd} abm, idjildjiudoj uig do~u`mdldut bh gc{lbtcgou

`~~bndùge zdui i`xdoj ò CÊ/ Doug}g~udojlt, uib~g doedxdew`l~ zdui CÊ~ zib zg}g ~glh#

u}gùdoj do èedudbo ub }gngdxdoj u}gùcgou do uig nldodn`l ~guudoj~ zg}g lg~~ nbong}oge `mbwu

abm }gugoudbo, ~wjjg~udoj uiù ~glh#cò`jgcgou bh CÊ~ c`t i`xg ` {b~dudxg dc{`nu bo

doedxdew`l gc{lbtcgou bwunbcg~/

>>Oblug, G/ òe CnFgg, C/ )=;;9$/ N`}doj hb} {gb{lg zdui ni}bodn nboedudbo~/ @ ig`lui ~t~ugc {g}~{gnudxg/ B{go

Wodxg}~dut [}g~~/>5Uig C`}cbu ]gxdgz/ )=;0;$/ H`d} ~bndgut, ig`luit ldxg~/ Lboebo1 Uig C`}cbu ]gxdgz/


25/60


Dh ` ~djodhdnòu {}b{b}udbo bh uig ibw~gible donbcg d~ lb~u, doedxdew`l~ òe h`cdldg~ c`t i`xg

ub }glt ig`xdlt bo zglh`}g {`tcgou~, òe ` lbzg} ibw~gible donbcg/ Hdjw}g >/5 nbc{`}g~

uig c`do ~bw}ng~ bh donbcg do }g~{boegou~ ibw~gible~ mguzggo uib~g do {`de zb}f òe uig

}g~u bh uig ~`c{lg/

Hdjw}g >/5/ C`do ~bw}ng bh donbcg do uig ibw~gible

Cb}g ~{gndhdn`llt, bxg} 85 {g} ngou bh uib~g {g}cògoult ~dnf b} ed~`mlge òe aw~u woeg} 9;

{g} ngou bh uib~g }gud}ge }gldge bo ~bnd`l ~w{{b}u `~ uig c`do ~bw}ng bh donbcg hb} uigd}

ibw~gible/ @lcb~u 9; {g} ngou bh `ll }g~{boegou~ ~`de uigt }gjwl`}lt }gngdxge {it~dn`l,

gcbudbo`l b} hdoònd`l igl{ h}bc uigd} h}dgoe~ òe h`cdlt/ Uid~ z`~ gxgo cb}g nbccbo

`cboj uib~g zib }g{b}uge uigd} CÊ ub mg cb}g ~gxg}g bxg}`ll, `~ zgll `~ uib~g zib

gy{g}dgong j}gùg} dc{`nu bh uig nboedudbo bo uigd} `mdldut ub zb}f/

Còt doedxdew`l~ zdui CÊ~ zbwle {}ghg} ub ~u`t do zb}f, òe uib~g zib eb ~u`t do zb}f

}g{b}u uiù du i`~ iè ` {b~dudxg `hhgnu bo uigd} {it~dn`l òe cgou`l ig`lui/>7 @~ zgll `~ uig

hdoònd`l mgoghdu~ bh ~u`tdoj do zb}f, {gb{lg zdui ]@, hb} gy`c{lg, `l~b ~`t uiù zb}f jdxg~

uigc uig b{{b}uwodut ub mg {}bewnudxg òe {}bxdeg~ ~bnd`l doug}`nudbo~, zidni i`xg mgoghdu~

hb} uigd} {~tniblbjdn`l zgllmgdoj/>8 ^w{{b}udoj {gb{lg zdui ed~`mldoj CÊ~ ub ~u`t do zb}f

zbwle i`xg mgoghdu~ hb} uig doedxdew`l, mwu du zbwle `l~b i`xg mgoghdu~ hb} ~bndgut `~ uig}g

zbwle mg lg~~ {}g~~w}g bo zglh`}g ~t~ugc~/

>7Mgxò gu l/ )=;;4$/

>8Jdjo`n, C/ @/ C/, M`nfcò, N/L/, F`{ugdo, ^/, L`n`dllg, E/, Mgùbo, E/G/ gu `l/ )=;0=$/ Ugo~dbo ù uig mb}eg}~1 {g}ng{udbo~ bh

}blg bxg}lbè, nbohldnu, ~u}`do oe h`ndlduùdbo do zb}f, h`cdlt oe ig`lui }blg~ cboj gc{lbtge doedxdew`l~ zdui }ui}dud~/]igwcùblbjt,70)=$, >=5#>>=/

Do {`de gc{lbtcgou Obu do {`de gc{lbtcgou


26/60


Nbo~deg}doj uiù eg{goegont bo zglh`}g mgoghdu~ d~ lg~~ ldfglt ub ~w{{b}u doedxdew`l~ ~bnd`l

~uùw~, `nudbo d~ }gpwd}ge bo mgi`lh bh uig ig`lui n`}g ~t~ugc, gc{lbtg}~ òe {bldntc`fg}~ ub

}geg{lbt uib~g doedxdew`l~ zdui CÊ~ zib `}g zdlldoj òe `mlg ub zb}f do uig l`mbw} c`}fgu,

òe ub {}bxdeg cg`~w}g~ ub ~w{{b}u uib~g zdui cdle òe cbeg}ùg n`~g~ bh CÊ~ do

}gu`dodoj uigd} abm~ `~ uigd} nboedudbo {}bj}g~~g~/

>/7 ^wcc`}t

Do uid~ ~gnudbo zg eg~n}dmge uig dc{`nu bh CÊ~ bo doedxdew`l~ òe ibw~gible~/ Zg hbwoe

uiù i`xdoj ò CÊ dc{`nu~ doedxdew`l~ ldxg~ do òe bwu~deg zb}f/ Uib~g zdui lg~~ ~gxg}g

hb}c~ bh uig nboedudbo `}g cb}g ldfglt ub mg {it~dn`llt òe ~bnd`llt `nudxg òe c`dou`do `nudxg

gc{lbtcgou ~uùw~/ @lcb~u ui}gg pw`}ug}~ bh uib~g obu do {`de gc{lbtcgou zg}g {}gxgouge

h}bc zb}fdoj b} lbbfdoj hb} ` abm mt uigd} nboedudbo/ Ibzgxg}, gxgo `cboj uib~g zdui abm~,

bxg} ` pw`}ug} zg}g zb}}dge `mbwu }gc`dodoj do zb}f/

Zidl~u wogc{lbtcgou d~ `~~bndùge zdui ogjùdxg ig`lui bwunbcg~ , du `l~b woeg}cdog~ uig

hdoònd`l zgllmgdoj bh doedxdew`l~ òe uigd} h`cdldg~/ Bxg} 85 {g} ngou bh uib~g {g}cògoult

~dnf b} ed~`mlge, òe aw~u woeg} 9; {g} ngou bh uib~g }gud}ge }gldge bo zglh`}g ~w{{b}u `~ uig

c`do ~bw}ng bh donbcg hb} uigd} ibw~gible/ Gpw`llt, 79/7 {g} ngou bh uib~g gc{lbtge {}bxdeg

uig c`do ~bw}ng bh g`}odoj~ hb} uigd} h`cdldg~6 uid~ idou~ ù uig {bugoud`l ~{dllbxg} ghhgnu boibw~gible~ dh uib~g doedxdew`l~ lb~g uigd} abm zigo uigd} nboedudbo zb}~go~/

Uig }g~{boegou~ idjildjiuge uigd} don}g`~doj nbong}o~ zdui cò`jgcgou bh uigd} ~tc{ubc~

òe c`dou`dodoj egpwùg {g}hb}còng lgxgl~ ~ uigd} nboedudbo {}bj}g~~ge/ Uid~ hdoedoj

n`ll~ hb} mguug} ~w{{b}u hb} doedxdew`l~ zdui CÊ~ do zb}f, `~ uigd} ed~g`~g {}bj}g~~g~,

idjildjiudoj uig dc{b}uòng bh i`xdoj g`}lt nboxg}~ùdbo~ zdui ig`lui n`}g {}bhg~~dbo`l~ òe

ldog cò`jg}~ `mbwu zb}f{l`ng èaw~ucgou~ ogng~~`}t ub `nnbccbeùg uig nbw}~g bh

ed~g`~g òe }gu`do `nudxg gc{lbtcgou ~uùw~ `~ lboj `~ uig doedxdew`l d~ zdlldoj òe n`{`mlg

ub eb ~b/ Uig ogyu ~gnudbo zdll ed~nw~~ uig ~w{{b}u `x`dl`mlg hb} doedxdew`l~ zdui CÊ~ ub ~u`t

do b} }guw}o ub zb}f/


27/60

U`fdoj uig ~u}`do1 Uig dc{`nu bh cw~nwlb~fglgu`l ed~b}eg}~ bo zb}f òe ibcg ldhg =:

5/ Gy{g}dgong~ bh ~w{{b}u do c`dou`dodoj gc{lbtcgou

@~ eg~n}dmge `mbxg, ` owcmg} bh {bldnt cg`~w}g~ i`xg mggo {wu do {l`ng ub ~w{{b}u uib~g

zdui ni}bodn nboedudbo~ do c`dou`dodoj abm~, b} }guw}odoj ub zb}f/ Bo uig buig} iòe,

Gc{lbtg}~ Ni`}ug}>: egxglb{ge mt uig Eg{`}ucgou hb} Mw~dog~~, Doobxùdbo òe ^fdll~

{}bxdeg~ m`~dn jwdeòng hb} jbbe {}`nudng bh cò`jgcgou gc{lbtgg ig`lui nboedudbo~ do uig

zb}f{l`ng/ Uid~ ~gnudbo zdll gy`cdog uig gyugou ub zidni uig~g {bldnt cg`~w}g~ hb} dc{}bxdoj

zb}f bwunbcg~ bh {gb{lg zdui ni}bodn nboedudbo~ i`xg u}ò~lùge doub nldodn`l òe zb}f{l`ng

cò`jgcgou {}`nudng/

5/0 Ig`lui n`}g gy{g}dgong~

G`}lt ed`job~d~ òe `{{}b{}dùg cò`jgcgou bh uig ed~g`~g ~tc{ubc~ òe {}bj}g~~ d~

n}dudn`l ub uig zb}f bwunbcg~ bh doedxdew`l~ zdui ni}bodn {`}udnwl`}lt dohl`ccùb}t CÊ~/

G`}lt ed`job~d~ d~ g~~goud`l ub ~u`}u cò`jdoj CÊ~ `~ ghhgnudxglt `~ {b~~dmlg òe ub lg~~go

uig ed~`mldoj ghhgnu bh uig~g nboedudbo~/>9 @nnb}edoj ub uig ~w}xgt }g~{boegou~, du ubbf ò

`xg}`jg bh 5/== tg`}~, òe w{ ub 87 tg`}~, ub ed`job~g uig nboedudbo h}bc uig bo~gu bh~tc{ubc~, `luibwji uig udcg bh ed`job~d~ edhhg}ge mt nboedudbo/

Udcg bh ed`job~d~ cdjiu mg bog bh uig fgt bm~u`nlg~ ub ghhgnudxg cò`jgcgou bh CÊ~ òe

c`t mg cb}g ni`llgojdoj hb} ~bcg ut{g~ bh CÊ~ uiò hb} buig}~1 `~ idjildjiuge `mbxg,

ni}bodn cw~nwl`} {`do d~ woed`job~ge do 5= {g} ngou bh n`~g~ mgn`w~g doedxdew`l~ eb obu

ugoe ub ~ggf cgedn`l igl{ hb} uid~ nboedudbo6 bo uig buig} iòe, ~{boetlb`}ui}b{ùidg~ )^{@~$

`}g bhugo cd~ed`job~ge `~ ~{b}u~ doaw}dg~ ewg ub ` l`nf bh gy{g}dgong `cboj jgog}`l

{}`nududbog}~ ub }gnbjodqg uig~g CÊ~/>4 Uig ~w}xgt hbwoe uiù du ubbf ò `xg}`jg bh =/>=

tg`}~ ub ed`job~g ]@, òe ò `xg}`jg bh 9/78 tg`}~ ub ed`job~g ^{@~/ Du d~ g~~goud`l ub

dc{}bxg nldodndò~ gy{g}ud~g do ed`job~doj CÊ~, ~b uiù {{}b{}dùg doug}xgoudbo~ nò

mgjdo `~ g`}lt `~ {}`nudn`mlg/

>:^gg Eg{`}ucgou hb} Mw~dog~~, Doobxùdbo oe fdll~ iuu{1""zzz/md~/jbx/wf"`~~gu~"md~nb}g"gc{lbtcgou#

cùug}~"ebn~"g"gc{lbtg}~ni`}ug}>9

Mgxò gu l/ )=;;4$/>4Dmde/


28/60


Gxgo zigo uig ed`job~d~ d~ cèg, `nng~~ ub u}gùcgou nò mg egl`tge/ Zig}g g`}lt

doug}xgoudbo d~ }gnbjod~ge `~ i`xdoj {bugoud`l mgoghdu, du d~ bhugo uig n`~g uiù uig ig`lui n`}g

~t~ugc b} uig zglh`}g ~t~ugc )òe bhugo mbui$ `}g woeg}#}g~bw}nge b} }gpwd}ge ub {}db}dud~g

uig fdoe~ bh g`}lt doug}xgoudbo~ zidni, do ~bcg n`~g~, `}g ldfglt ub mg g`~t òe dogy{go~dxg

ub ècdod~ug} òe nò i`xg mbui nldodn`l òe zb}f#}glùge mgoghdu~/5; Hdjw}g 5/0 mglbz

dllw~u}ùg~ uig udcg du ubbf doedxdew`l~ ldxdoj zdui CÊ~ ub `nng~~ doug}xgoudbo~/

Hdjw}g 5/0/ Udcdoj bh doug}xgoudbo

@luibwji `lcb~u uzb#uid}e~ bh `ll }g~{boegou~ }gngdxge u}gùcgou zduido ` ui}gg cboui udcg

h}`cg, ` ~djodhdnòu {}b{b}udbo )00/5 {g} ngou$ iè ub z`du cb}g uiò ` tg`}/ Do èedudbo,

~wmagnudxg g`~g bh `nng~~ ub u}gùcgou x`}dge/ Hdjw}g 5/= mglbz idjildjiu~ ~wmagnudxg g`~g bh

`nng~~ ub u}gùcgou/

5;Dmde/


29/60


Hdjw}g 5/=/ G`~g bh `nng~~ ub u}gùcgou

Doug}xgoudbo~ hb} cò`jdoj CÊ~ oe uigd} ~tc{ubc~ donlweg e}wj~, z`lfdoj {}bj}`ccg~,

gewnùdbo mbwu nboedudbo cò`jgcgou, nldodn`l u}gùcgou~, zb}f {l`ng eaw~ucgou~, zb}f

nbwo~glldoj, nbjodudxg mgi`xdbw}`l uig}`{t òe zb}f {l`ng xd~du~ mt nldodndò~/ Uig cb~u

ghhgnudxg doug}xgoudbo~ `}g uig bog~ uiù nbcmdog u}gùdoj uig {it~dn`l òe gcbudbo`l

zgllmgdoj bh doedxdew`l~/ Uig~g doug}xgoudbo~ }g~wluge do don}g`~ge zb}f {`}udnd{ùdbo oe

lbzg} ~u}g~~ lgxgl~ hb} doedxdew`l~ nb{doj zdui uigd} nboedudbo~, zb}f òe {g}~bo`l ldhg }blg~/50

Zb}f òe nbccwodut doug}xgoudbo~ ogge ub i`xg ` ibld~udn `{{}b`ni ub igl{ {gb{lg ldxdoj

zdui CÊ~ cò`jg uigd} nboedudbo~ òe zb}f òe {g}~bo`l ldxg~/

Bxg} 99 {g} ngou bh }g~{boegou~ zg}g }gngdxdoj ~bcg hb}c bh u}gùcgou hb} uigd} CÊ~/ Bh

uib~g, 49/= {g} ngou zg}g }gngdxdoj u}gùcgou ui}bwji uigd} J[, bh uib~g =4/0 {g} ngou bh

uigc zg}g ~glh#u}gùdoj `~ zgll/ Zidl~u uig càb}dut }gngdxge e}wj uig}`{t )48/8 {g} ngou$, uig

hdoedoj~ bo uig udcdoj bh ed`job~d~ òe doug}xgoudbo `mbxg ~wjjg~u uiù hb} ~bcg doedxdew`l~

uid~ u}gùcgou c`t i`xg nbcg lùg} uiò }gnbccgoege hb} {}gxgoudbo bh ed~g`~g {}bj}g~~/Do èedudbo, =4/0 {g} ngou }gngdxge {it~dbuig}`{t, òe 0;/4 {g} ngou {~tniblbjdn`l uig}`{t/

Doedxdew`l~ zdui cb}g ~gxg}g hb}c~ bh ed~g`~g zg}g ~djodhdnòult cb}g ldfglt ub }gngdxg

{~tniblbjdn l uig}`{t )zidni d~ ò dc{b}uòu {}`nudng hb} cò`jdoj cgou`l ig`lui

nbcb}mdedudg~ bh CÊ~$, mwu obu buig} ut{g~ bh uig}`{dg~/ Buig} hb}c~ bh u}gùcgou donlwege`lug}oùdxg uig}`{dg~, {dlùg~ òe buig} ut{g~ bh gyg}nd~g, hb} gy`c{lg, zùg} ~{b}u~/

50

Jdjo`n, C/, Agui`, @/, Mbz}doj, A/, Mgùbo, E/G/ oe Mèlgt, G/C/ )=;0=$/ Cò`jgcgou bh zb}f ed~`mdldut do }igwcùdnnboedudbo~1 @ }gxdgz bh obo#{i`}c`nblbjdn`l doug}xgoudbo~/ Mg~u [}`nudng ( ]g~g`}ni Nldodn`l ]igwcùblbjt, =8, >84#>98/


30/60


31/60

U`fdoj uig ~u}`do1 Uig dc{`nu bh cw~nwlb~fglgu`l ed~b}eg}~ bo zb}f òe ibcg ldhg >0

Gxgo zig}g nldodn`l {}`nudng ùugc{u~ ub cò`jg doedxdew`l~ zb}f `mdldut, ~w{{b}u bh

doedxdew`l~ zdui CÊ~ cw~u nboudowg do uig gc{lbtcgou nbougyu/ Gc{lbtg}~ `l~b i`xg ` fgt

{`}u ub {l`t do ~w{{b}udoj {gb{lg zdui CÊ~ do òe m`nf doub zb}f/ Uig ogyu ~gnudbo zdlled~nw~~ uig dc{`nu bh zb}f nboedudbo~ òe goxd}bocgou bo uig doedxdew`l~ `mdldut ub cò`jg

uigd} CÊ~ cb}g ghhgnudxglt/

5/>/ Gc{lbtcgou gy{g}dgong~

@~ ed~nw~~ge `mbxg, uig dc{`nu bh CÊ bo doedxdew`l~ ig`lui c`t `hhgnu uig lgojui òe uig

dougo~dut bh zb}f uiù uigt eb/ Do bw} ~uwet uib~g ndudoj ` j}gùg} {g}ngdxge dc{`nu bh uigd}nboedudbo bo uigd} {g}hb}còng do uig abm zb}fge hgzg} ibw}~ uig }g~{boegou~ {g} zggf )} 3

#/09>!!!, o 3 >78$, zigo nbou}bllge hb} gc{lbtcgou ~uùw~ )hwll#udcg x~ {`}u#udcg zb}f$/

Zidl~u u}gùdoj CÊ~ zdui nldodn`l doug}xgoudbo~ d~ woebwmugelt dc{b}uòu oe ghhgnudxg,

nbc{}gigo~dxg zb}f doug}xgoudbo~ c`t `l~b i`xg {b~dudxg ghhgnu~ bo uig nboedudbo~ òe

dc{}bxg abm }gugoudbo/5= Hb} gy`c{lg, ~uwedg~ doub `m~gouggd~c, {}g~gouggd~c oe

{}bewnudxdut do ]@ i`xg ~ibzo uiù zb}f ni`}`nug}d~udn~, ~wni `~ {it~dn`llt egcòedoj zb}f,

idji abm ~u}`do, òe lbz ~w{{b}u h}bc nb#zb}fg}~, `hhgnu ò doedxdew`l~ `mdldut òe egnd~dbo ub

}gc`do do zb}f/5>

Gxgo zig}g ò bnnw{ùdbo`l ig`lui {}bhg~~dbo`l d~ obu {}g~gou, `nnbccbeùdoj uig ogge~ bh

` zb}fg} zdui ò CÊ do uig zb}f{l`ng ~ibwle bnnw} xd` uig ~w{{b}u bh ` ldog cò`jg} òe

nbllg`jwg~/ Bh uig gc{lbtge }g~{boegou~, 9=/7 {g} ngou uble uigd} ldog cò`jg} `mbwu uig

nboedudbo, òe 9>/7 {g} ngou uble uigd} nb#zb}fg}~/ Uig c`do }g`~bo~ hb} obo#ed~nlb~w}g ub

uig ldog cò`jg} zg}g1 hg`} bh lb~doj uigd} abm )=4/: {g} ngou$ òe ed~mgldgh uiù cò`jg}~ b}

nb#zb}fg}~ nbwle igl{ cò`jg uig CÊ mguug} )woeg} == {g} ngou$/ @u uig ~`cg udcg cb}g

uiù uzb#uid}e~ bh uib~g zib iè ed~nlb~ge uigd} CÊ hglu nbchb}u`mlg ed~nw~~doj uigd}

nboedudbo ù zb}f/

Aw~u woeg} :5 {g} ngou bh uig }g~{boegou~ ~`de uigd} cò`jg} z`~ ~w{{b}udxg bh uigd}

nboedudbo, zigo uigt ed~nlb~ge du, òe do bxg} uzb#uid}e~ bh n`~g~ uigt }gngdxge ~bcg hb}c bh

èaw~ucgou ub uigd} zb}f nboedudbo~ òe goxd}bocgou do b}eg} ub cò`jg uigd} CÊ mguug}/

5=Dmde/

5>

Jgw~fgo~, J/@/, I`qg~, A/C/Z/, M`}goe}gju, [/A/ oe Mw}eb}h, @/ )=;;9$/ Zb}f òe ~dnf lg`xg cboj {ùdgou~ zdui g`}ltdohl`ccùb}t abdou nboedudbo~/ @}ui}dud~ N`}g òe ]g~g`}ni, 74)0;$, 0579#0588/


32/60

>= U`fdoj uig ~u}`do1 Uig dc{`nu bh cw~nwlb~fglgu`l ed~b}eg}~ bo zb}f òe ibcg ldhg

Hb} bxg} ` pw`}ug} bh }g~{boegou~ uid~ z`~ ò è`{uùdbo ub uig owcmg} b} {ùug}o bh zb}fdoj

ibw}~, òe bxg} i`lh }gngdxge gpwd{cgou, u}ò~{b}u, b} zb}f~uùdbo è`{uùdbo/

Uig~g ~dc{lg niòjg~ ub zb}fdoj nboedudbo~ òe zb}f goxd}bocgou nò c`fg ` }g`l

edhhg}gong ub uig `mdldut bh doedxdew`l~ zdui CÊ~ ub ~u`t do zb}f/ Do uig ~w}xgt {}bxd~dbo bhòt bh uig hbllbzdoj hb}c~ bh ~w{{b}u hlgydmlg zb}fdoj, g}jbobcdn `~~g~~cgou~ òe

èaw~ucgou~, ùugoeòng {bldndg~ )gj udcg bhh hb} cgedn`l `{{bdoucgou~$ z`~ `~~bndùge

zdui hgzg} nbong}o~ }gj`}edoj {bugoud`l abm lb~~ òe donbcg c`dougoòng `cboj uig

}g~{boegou~/ Gc{lbtg}~ oe doedxdew`l~ zdui CÊ~ ~ibwle }ghg} ub jbxg}ocgou ~nigcg~,

~wni `~ @nng~~ ub Zb}f,55 ub {wu zb}f{l`ng èaw~ucgou~ do {l`ng/

Gc{lbtg}~ ~ibwle mg`} do cdoe uiù, zigo ~wni niòjg~ ub uig zb}fdoj {ùug}o~ bh {gb{lg

zdui CÊ~ `}g cèg, du d~ dc{b}uòu ub {}g~g}xg uig pw`ldut bh zb}f uiù uig~g doedxdew`l~ eb/

Du d~ bhugo `~~wcge uiù do uig nbougyu bh abm ~n`}ndut, òt abm d~ jbbe gobwji/ Ibzgxg}, uig

C`}cbu ]gxdgz hdoe~ uiù du d~ jbbe zb}f uiù d~ mgoghdnd`l hb} tbw} {it~dn`l òe cgou`l

ig`lui òe zgll#mgdoj, zidl~u zb}f uiù d~ do~gnw}g òe lbz#{`de ut{dn`llt h`dl~ ub {}bugnu

gc{lbtgg~ h}bc dll ig`lui òe }g~wlu~ do nbccbo cgou`l ig`lui {}bmlgc~ òe

cw~nwlb~fglgu`l ed~b}eg}~/57 Hw}uig}cb}g, ` }gngou ~w}xgt bh cb}g uiò :,;;; }g~{boegou~

do @w~u}`ld` i`~ nbohd}cge uiù {bb}#pw`ldut abm~, ni`}`nug}d~ge mt gyng~~dxg egcòe~, lbz

`wubobct, idji abm do~gnw}dut oe ~djodhdnòu ghhb}u#}gz`}e dcm`lòng, zg}g cb}g egu}dcgou`l

ub gc{lbtgg~ cgou`l ig`lui uiò wogc{lbtcgou/

58

Ldog`} }gj}g~~dbo ò`lt~d~ bh uig h`nub}~ dc{`nudoj zb}f {}bewnudxdut i`~ }gxg`lge uiù

j}gùg} lb~~ bh {}bewnudxdut ù zb}f {}gednuge j}gùg} nbc{bwoe ~nb}g hb} uig egj}gg bh

dc{`nu bh uig nboedudbo bo uig pw`ldut bh zb}f bwunbcg~ )abm ~ùd~h`nudbo, `nng~~ ub n`}gg}

egxglb{cgou òe u}`dodoj, ~ùd~h`nudbo zdui g`}odoj~, abm ~gnw}dut$ ù #/5:4!!!, ]= 3 ;/==4

)~gg Hdjw}g 5/5 mglbz$/ Gxdegoult, uig h`nu bh ldxdoj zdui ` nboedudbo c`t nbc{}bcd~g uig abm

pw`ldut bh doedxdew`l~ zdui CÊ~, zidni idjildjiu~ uig ogge hb} `{{}b{}dùg cò`jgcgou

{}`nudng~ do `nnbccbeùdoj uig ghhgnu bh uig nboedudbo bo zb}fg}~ {}bewnudxdut òe do

~w{{b}udoj uigd} abm pw`ldut/

55^gg Jbx/wf iuu{~1""zzz/jbx/wf"`nng~~#ub#zb}f"bxg}xdgz

57Uig C`}cbu ]gxdgz )=;0;$/

58Mwuug}zb}ui, [/, Lg`ni, L/ /, û}`qedo~, L/, Blg~go, / N/, ]bejg}~, M/ gu l/ )=;00$/ Uig {~tnib~bnd`l pw`ldut bh zb}f

egug}cdog~ ziguig} gc{lbtcgou i`~ mgoghdu~ hb} cgou`l ig`lui1 }g~wlu~ h}bc lbojduwedo`l oùdbo`l ibw~gible {ògl ~w}xgt/Bnnw{ùdbo`l ( Goxd}bocgou`l Cgedndog, hd}~u {wmld~ige boldog bo C`}ni 05, =;00, ebd10;/00>8" bgc/=;0;/;74;>;


33/60

U`fdoj uig ~u}`do1 Uig dc{`nu bh cw~nwlb~fglgu`l ed~b}eg}~ bo zb}f òe ibcg ldhg >>

Hdjw}g 5/5/ [}bewnudxdut lb~~ òe abm pw`ldut

Wohb}uwoùglt, {gb{lg zdui ed~`mdldudg~ `}g cb}g ldfglt ub mg do lbz#{`de, {bb} pw`ldut abm~ zdui

hgzg} b{{b}uwodudg~ hb} èxòngcgou, bhugo zb}fdoj do nboedudbo~ uiù `}g i`}chwl ub ig`lui/5:

Gy{b~w}g ub ~u}g~~g~ ~wni `~ {it~dn`llt egcòedoj b} eòjg}bw~ zb}f, lboj b} d}}gjwl`}

ibw}~, ~gegou`}t b} }g{gududxg zb}f, nbohldnu~ zduido uig zb}f{l`ng, ed~n}dcdoùb}t {}`nudng~,

lbz zb}fg} nbou}bl, lbz z`jg~ òe lbz abm ~gnw}dut `}g cb}g {}gx`lgou `cboj zb}fg}~ zdui

ni}bodn ed~g`~g òe nbou}dmwug ub jgog}`l dll ig`lui, eg{}g~~dbo òe CÊ~/59 Do uid~ ~w}xgt,

zg hbwoe gxdegong uiù zb}fg}~ zdui CÊ~ mgldgxge uiù uig nboedudbo `hhgnuge uigd} n`}gg}

egxglb{cgou b{{b}uwodudg~1 >5/: {g} ngou ~`de du `hhgnuge uigd} `nng~~ ub u}`dodoj òe

egxglb{cgou6 aw~u woeg} 8; {g} ngou hglu uig nboedudbo {}gxgouge uigc h}bc }g`nidoj uigd} hwll

{bugoud`l ù zb}f/

5:

Uig C`}cbu ]gxdgz )=;0;$/59Dmde/


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35/60


7/ Nbonlw~dbo~ òe }gnbccgoeùdbo~

@l}gèt CÊ~ nb~u uig WF mdlldbo~ bh {bwoe~ do ed}gnu ig`lui n`}g nb~u~ òe doed}gnu nb~u~ bh

lb~u zb}fdoj udcg òe {}bewnudxdut/ Uid~ ~uwet idjildjiu~ uigd} egx`~uùdoj dc{`nu bo uig

pw`ldut bh ldhg mbui bh doedxdew`l~ òe uigd} ibw~gible~ òe uigd} ghhgnu bo CÊ~ bo

doedxdew`l~ `mdldut ub zb}f, òe bo uig hdoònd`l zgllmgdoj bh {gb{lg zdui CÊ~ òe uigd}

h`cdldg~/

Uid~ ~w}xgt bh cb}g uiò 9;; doedxdew`l~ ldxdoj òe zb}fdoj zdui CÊ~ do uig WF i`~

nbohd}cge uiù, `~ uig~g nboedudbo~ {}bj}g~~, uig `mdldut ub c`dou`do {g}hb}còng ù zb}f

edcdod~ig~, m}dojdoj ò don}g`~ge }d~f bh abm lb~~ òe nbo~gpwgou hdoònd`l i`}e~id{/ W}jgou

`nudbo d~ }gpwd}ge mt {}`nududbog}~ òe egnd~dbo#c`fg}~ do uig OI^, mt gc{lbtg}~ òe

{bldntc`fg}~ do uig zglh`}g ~t~ugc ub }guw}o doedxdew`l~ zdui CÊ~, zib `}g zdlldoj òe `mlg

ub zb}f, m`nf doub uig l`mbw} c`}fgu, òe ub ~w{{b}u uib~g zdui cdle òe cbeg}ùg CÊ~ do

}gu`dodoj uigd} abm~ `~ uigd} nboedudbo {}bj}g~~g~/

Eg~{dug gxdegong ~ibzdoj uig mgoghdu~ bh zb}f hb} doedxdew`l~ ig`lui òe zgllmgdoj, uig

cò`jgcgou bh zb}f bwunbcg~ hb} uib~g ed`job~ge zdui CÊ~ d~ {bb} mbui do nldodn`l òe

gc{lbtcgou ~guudoj~/ Uig ~w}xgt hdoedoj~ idjildjiu l`}jg x`}dùdbo~ do uig udcg du u`fg~ ub

}gngdxg ` ed`job~d~ òe u}gùcgou, `~ zgll `~ x`}dùdbo~ do uig cò`jgcgou bh nbcb}mdedudg~

òe doedxdew`l~ {`}udnd{ùdbo do cò`jgcgou bh uigd} nboedudbo/ Hw}uig}cb}g, nlg`} j`{~ do

{}`nudng `}g bm~g}x`mlg, zig}g nldodndò~ h`dl ub ed~nw~~ zb}f zdui uigd} {ùdgou~ eg~{dug uid~

}gpwd}gcgou hgùw}doj do uig OI^ Bwunbcg~ H}`cgzb}f/

Do uig zb}f{l`ng, ed~nlb~doj ` ni}bodn nboedudbo ub ldog cò`jg}~ òe nb#zb}fg}~ òe

j`dodoj `nng~~ ub hlgydmdldut do zb}fdoj nboedudbo~ ~ggcge ub igl{ còt doedxdew`l~ ub ~u`t do

zb}f/ Oboguiglg~~, du d~ obu gxdegou uiù abm pw`ldut d~ {}g~g}xge hb} zb}fg}~ ed`job~ge zduiCÊ~/ Ed~dongoudxg~ uiù nò gyd~u ub }guw}o ub zb}f )lbz abm ~ùd~h`nudbo, lbz ~bnd`l ~w{{b}u

`cboj nbllg`jwg~ òe bnnw{ùdbo`l `~{gnu~ ~wni `~ ò wonlg`} }guw}o#ub#zb}f {bldnt$ `ll

zb}f `j`do~u abm }gugoudbo/ Cò`jgcgou bh CÊ~ do uig zb}f{l`ng nò mg dc{}bxge xd`

~dc{lg zb}f{l`ng èaw~ucgou~ ew}doj òe `hug} u}gùcgou do nldodn`l ~guudoj~, òe `{{g`}~ ub

mg ò g~~goud`l {`}u bh }gewndoj uig ogjùdxg dc{`nu bh uig~g nboedudbo~ bo ò doedxdew`l~

zgllmgdoj/


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@{{goedy 0/ ^`c{lg

Uid~ ~w}xgt e}gz bo ` obo#}òebc ~`c{lg bh cgcmg}~ bh CÊ {ùdgou j}bw{~ do uig WF, ub

` ~{gndhdnùdbo uiù z`~ eg~djoge mt Uig Zb}f Hbwoeùdbo/ Du z`~ ~{gndhdge uiù uig

}g~{boegou~ zg}g 08 tg`}~ ble b} bxg} ù uig udcg bh uig ~w}xgt, iè gy{g}dgonge {`do b}

ed~nbchb}u `hhgnudoj uigd} cw~nlg~, abdou~, ognf b} m`nf zidni `hhgnuge uigd} `mdldut ub n`}}t bwu

`nudxdudg~ bh e`dlt ldxdoj zduido uig {}gxdbw~ hbw} zggf~, òe iè mggo ed`job~ge zdui ò CÊ

mt ` cgedn`l ebnub}/ U`mlg @ eg~n}dmg~ uig egcbj}`{idn ni`}`nug}d~udn~ bh uig ~`c{lg/

U`mlg @/ Egcbj}`{idn ni`}`nug}d~udn~ bh uig ~`c{lg/

@nidgxge

}g~{bo~g~C`lg Hgc`lg

HU" [U

Gc{lbtgg~

[g}cògoult

~dnf b}

ed~`mlge

08#0: ; ; ; ; ;

09#=7 =5 = == 0>"> 0

=8#>5 80 9 7> =4"00 0>

>7#55 07; >0 0=4 8=">9 >=

57#75 =8: >: =>; :9"75 98

77#85 =>: 5: 099 7;">> :8

87& :; 08 75 >"9 =

Ubu`l 9;4 0>0 8:8 =>7"05: =0;


40/60

5; U`fdoj uig ~u}`do1 Uig dc{`nu bh cw~nwlb~fglgu`l ed~b}eg}~ bo zb}f òe ibcg ldhg

Uig ni`}u mglbz {}g~gou~ uig nbwou}t zig}g uig }g~{boegou~ ldxge/ Hb} ò`lt~d~ {w}{b~g~

zg u}gùge `ll uig }g~{boegou~ `~ bog ~`c{lg/

Hdjw}g @/ Ed~u}dmwudbo bh uig ~`c{lg mt nbwou}t bh }g~degong/


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5= U`fdoj uig ~u}`do1 Uig dc{`nu bh cw~nwlb~fglgu`l ed~b}eg}~ bo zb}f òe ibcg ldhg

@{{goedy >/ Pwg~udboo`d}g

Uig pwg~udboo`d}g z`~ egxglb{ge òe {dlbuge mt uig Zb}f Hbwoeùdbo do =;00"=;0=/ Uig

e}`hu bh uig pwg~udboo`d}g i`~ mggo {gg}#}gxdgzge mt [}bhg~~b} @ouibot Zbblh bh

GWCW^N/ogu, [}bh Dojgc`} [gug}~~bo bh G{d#ngou}wc ^fog òe C``}ugo eg Zdu bh

ûdniudoj Ubbl~/ Uig pwg~udboo`d}g òe uig ~w}xgt cguibe zg}g }gxdgzge òe èaw~uge `hug}

uig nbc{lgudbo bh uig {dlbu {i`~g do ~{}doj =;0=/

Uig ~u}wnuw}g bh uig pwg~udboo`d}g òe doedxdew l cbewlg~ zg}g `~ hbllbz~ h}bc uig ni`}u

mglbz/

Hdjw}g M/ Pwg~udboo`d}g ~u}wnuw}g

]g~{bo~g~ zg}g nbllgnuge mguzggo =5 Awlt =;0= òe 0: ^g{ugcmg} =;0=/ Uig

pwg~udboo`d}g lgojui z`~ mguzggo 0; òe =; cdowug~ eg{goedoj bo uig ò~zg}~ jdxgo/

Cb~u pwg~udbo~ zg}g nlb~ge pwg~udbo~, zdui cwlud{lg nibdng ò~zg}~/ Ibzgxg}, uig}g zg}g

~bcg b{go pwg~udbo~ `x`dl`mlg ub }g~{boegou~ ui}bwjibwu uig pwg~udboo`d}g/ Uig~g zg}g

}gnbege doub ` owcg}dn hb}cù hb} uig ~uùd~udn`l ò`lt~d~ {w}{b~g~/

M`nfj}bwoe

doh}bcùdbo

Tbw}

cw~nwlb~fglgu`l

nboedudbo

Ig`lui n`}g òe

zglh`}g ~t~ugc~

Nw}}gou

gc{lbtcgou

gy{g}dgong~

Hb} uib~g obu do

gc{lbtcgou

Hb} uib~g

}gud}ge

@ hgz hdo`l

pwg~udbo~


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U`fdoj uig ~u}`do1 Uig dc{`nu bh cw~nwlb~fglgu`l ed~b}eg}~ bo zb}f òe ibcg ldhg 5>

@ll ~w}xgt }g~{bo~g~ zg}g `wubcùdn`llt hb}z`}ege ub ` eg~djoùge c`dlmby, mglbojdoj ub

Uig Zb}f Hbwoeùdbo/ Uig }g~{bo~g~ zg}g nbllgnuge zdui uig Ô@[ ~w}xgt ~bhuz`}g òe

zg}g nbo~gpwgoult gy{b}uge doub ^[^^ ~bhuz`}g hb} ~uùd~udn`l ò`lt~d~ {w}{b~g~/

[lg`~g ~gg uig hwll pwg~udboo`d}g mglbz/


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CÊ [@UDGOU ^W]XGT

@mbwu uig ~w}xgt

Uig Zb}f Hbwoeùdbo d~ nboewnudoj uid~ ~w}xgt, bo mgi`lh bh uig Hdu hb} Zb}f Gw}b{g Nb`ldudbo # ` càb}Gw}b{gò dodudùdxg, zidni `dc~ ub igl{ {gb{lg zdui Cw~nwlb~fglgu`l Ed~b}eg}~ )CÊ~$ ub {l`t ` hwll òe`nudxg {`}u ù zb}f/

Tbw} {`}udnd{ùdbo do uid~ ~w}xgt d~ gyu}gcglt dc{b}uòu ub w~/

Zib ~ibwle nbc{lgug uig pwg~udboo`d}g2Zg zd~i ub ig`} h}bc `~ còt {gb{lg `~ {b~~dmlg zib i`xg ` cw~nwlb~fglgu`l nboedudbo òe `}g 08 tg`}~ble b} bleg}/ Zg zòu ub hdoe bwu `mbwu tbw} gy{g}dgong~ zdui ebnub}~ òe buig} ig`luin`}g {}bhg~~dbo`l~,zdui gc{lbtg}~ òe, dh }glgxòu, zdui {`}u~ bh uig mgoghdu~ ~t~ugc/

Uig ~wnng~~ bh uig ~w}xgt d~ eg{goegou bo uig owcmg} bh {gb{lg zib u`fg {`}u/ Uig cb}g {gb{lg zib u`fg{`}u, uig cb}g w~ghwl uig }g~wlu~ zdll mg `~ zg zdll i`xg ` cwni mguug} woeg}~uòedoj bh tbw} gy{g}dgong~òe uib~g bh buig} {gb{lg zdui CÊ~/

Uig }g~wlu~ bh uid~ }g~g`}ni zdll mg cèg `x`dl`mlg ub ~godb} nldodndò~, jbxg}ocgou~ òe ub uig Gw}b{gòNbccd~~dbo/ Bw} `dc d~ uiù uig ~w}xgt hdoedoj~ zdll igl{ dc{}bxg uig ~w{{b}u zidni {gb{lg ldxdoj zduiCÊ~ }gngdxg ub ~u`t ù, b} }guw}o ub, hwlhdlldoj zb}f/

@ ~ib}u ~wcc`}t bh uig hdoedoj~ zdll `l~b mg `x`dl`mlg bo uig Hdu hb} Zb}f Gw}b{g Zgm~dug ù uig goe bh uigtg`}/

Ibz eb D hdll do uig pwg~udboo`d}g2

Cb~u bh uig pwg~udbo~ nò mg ò~zg}ge mt ~glgnudoj uig b{udbo ogyu ub uig ò~zg} uiù `{{ldg~ ub tbw,ibzgxg}, zdui ` hgz pwg~udbo~ tbw c`t `l~b mg `~fge ub ut{g ` ~ib}u ò~zg} doub ` mby woeg}ogùi du/

Eg{goedoj bo tbw} ò~zg}~, uig pwg~udboo`d}g zdll u`fg `mbwu 07 cdowug~ ub nbc{lgug/

@~ tbw nbc{lgug g`ni {`jg bh uig pwg~udboo`d}g, nldnf uig Ogyu mwuubo ub jb ub uig ogyu {`jg/ Dh tbw zòu ubniòjg tbw} ò~zg}~ {lg`~g nldnf uig ]g~gu mwuubo/

Zigo tbw i`xg nbc{lguge uig pwg~udboo`d}g {lg`~g nldnf uig ^wmcdu mwuubo/ Tbw} }g~{bo~g~ zdll uigo mged}gnult ~gou ub Uig Zb}f Hbwoeùdbo/

D~ uig ~w}xgt nbohdegoud`l2

Uig Zb}f Hbwoeùdbo u`fg~ gxg}t n`}g ub {}bugnu uig nbohdegoud`ldut bh uig dohb}cùdbo tbw jdxg w~/

Tbw} ò~zg}~ ub uid~ ~w}xgt zdll mg nbc{lguglt òbotcbw~ òe uig }g~wlu~ zdll obu mg {}g~gouge do òtz`tuiù nò degoudht tbw `~ ò doedxdew`l/

Ziù dh D i`xg ` pwg~udbo2Dh tbw i`xg òt buig} pwg~udbo~ b} nbong}o~ `mbwu uig ~w}xgt, {lg`~g nbou`nu F~god` Qiglubwfibx` ùfqiglubwfibx`Kuigzb}fhbwoeùdbo/nbc

Uiòf tbw xg}t cwni hb} tbw} igl{ zdui uid~ ~w}xgt/


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M@NFJ]BWOE DOHB]C@UDBO@0/ Ziù nbwou}t eb tbw ldxg do2

Mgljdwc

Mwlj`}d`

D}glòe

Oguig}lòe~

[b}uwj`l

^{`do

^zgego

H}òng

WF

@=/ Ziù d~ tbw} jgoeg}2

C`lg

Hgc`lg

@>/ Ziù d~ tbw} nw}}gou `jg2

RRRRRRRRRRRRRRR

M0/ Zidni bh uig~g eg~n}d{udbo~ mg~u `{{ldg~ ub ziù tbw zg}g ebdoj do uig {`~u : e`t~2[lg`~g ~glgnu bog ò~zg} bolt

Do {`de zb}f )gc{lbtgg, ~glh#gc{lbtge, zb}fdoj hb} tbw} h`cdlt mw~dog~~, b} bo lg`xg$

Do gewnùdbo )obu {`de hb} mt gc{lbtg}$ Wogc{lbtge òe `nudxglt lbbfdoj hb} ` abm

Wogc{lbtge, zòudoj ` abm mwu obu `nudxglt lbbfdoj hb} ` abm

[g}cògoult ~dnf b} ed~`mlge

]gud}ge

Do wo{`de zb}f )xblwougg}doj, ibcg zb}fdoj$

Buig}

M=/ Eb tbw zb}f hwll#udcg b} {`}u#udcg2

)HWLL UDCG 3 CB]G UI@O >; IBW]^, [@]U#UDCG 3 >; IBW]^ B] LG^^$

Hwll#udcg

[`}u#udcg

M>/ Ziù ut{g bh b}jòd~ùdbo eb tbw zb}f hb}2[lg`~g ~glgnu bog ò~zg} bolt/

[}dxùg ~gnub}

[wmldn ~gnub}

Obu#hb}#{}bhdu ~gnub}, OJB

^glh#gc{lbtge

Buig}

Ebou fobz


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U`fdoj uig ~u}`do1 Uig dc{`nu bh cw~nwlb~fglgu`l ed~b}eg}~ bo zb}f òe ibcg ldhg 5:

CW^NWLB^FGLGU@L NBOEDUDBO^

)DONLWEDOJ ]IGWC@UDN ED^B]EG]^ @OE[@DO DO UIG CW^NLG^ @OE ABDOU^$

N0/ Do uig {`~u 5 zggf~ i`xg tbw iè òt {`do b} ed~nbchb}u `hhgnudoj tbw} cw~nlg~,abdou~, ognf b} m`nf zidni `hhgnuge tbw} `mdldut ub n`}}t bwu tbw} `nudxdudg~ bh e`dlt ldxdoj2

Tg~

Ob

N=/ I`~ uid~ {}bmlgc l`~uge hb} > cboui~ b} cb}g2

Tg~

Ob

N>/ [lg`~g ~glgnu zig}g tbw hglu uig {`do1

`$ do uig l`~u 5 zggf~m$ dh uig {}bmlgc i`~ l`~uge hb} > cboui~ b} cb}g

`$ [`do ew}doj l`~u 5 zggf~ m$ [}bmlgc l`~uge hb} >cboui~ b} cb}g

Ognf

îbwleg})~$

W{{g} m`nf Glmbz)~$ Z}d~u)~$ Iòe)~$ Lbz m`nf Id{)~$"Uidji)~$ Fogg)~$ @oflg)~$ Hbbu"hggu

N5/ Hb} uid~ {}bmlgc, i`xg tbw mggo uble mt ` cgedn`l ebnub} ziù uig ed`job~d~ d~2

Tg~

Ob


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N7/ [lg`~g ~glgnu uig ed`job~d~ tbw zg}g jdxgo/Dh tbw i`xg mggo jdxgo ` ed`job~d~ bh cb}g uiò bog cw~nwlb~fglgu`l nboedudbo, {lg`~g ~glgnubuig}/

]igwcùbde }ui}dud~ )dohl`ccùdbo bh uig abdou~$

B~ugb`}ui}dud~ )`}ui}b~d~, abdou egjgog}ùdbo, -zg`} oe ug`}-$

Jbwu

Hdm}bct`ljd`

^{}`do b} ~u}`do

^{boetlb`}ui}b{ùit

Eb}~b{ùit b} eb}~`ljd`

B~ugb{b}b~d~

W{{g}#ldcm ed~b}eg}~ )iòe, z}d~u, }c, ~ibwleg}$

M`nf"ognf {`do

Buig}

N8/ [lg`~g ~uùg ziù buig} ed`job~d~)~$ tbw zg}g jdxgo

RRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRR





RRRRRRRRR

G0/ @u ziù `jg ede tbw hd}~u ~u`}u gy{g}dgondoj ~tc{ubc~ bh tbw} nboedudbo2

RRRRRRRRRRRRRRR

G=/ @}g tbw nw}}goult }gngdxdoj òt fdoe bh u}gùcgou hb} tbw} nboedudbo2

Hb} gy`c{lg e}wj uig}`{t b} {it~dbuig}`{it/

Tg~

Ob

G>/ @}g tbw }gngdxdoj uid~ u}gùcgou ui}bwji tbw} J[ b} ig`luin`}g {}bhg~~dbo`l )g/j/{it~dbuig}`{d~u, }igwcùblbjd~u, gun$ b} `}g tbw ~glh#u}gùdoj2

Ui}bwji ct J[ b} ig`luin`}g {}bhg~~dbo`l

^glh#u}gùdoj

Mbui

G5/ Zidni bh uig mglbz u}gùcgou~ `}g tbw }gngdxdoj2[lg`~g ~glgnu `ll uiù `{{lt/

E}wj uig}`{t

[it~dbuig}`{it

Bnnw{ùdbo`l uig}`{t

[~tniblbjdn`l uig}`{dg~ )g/j/ nbjodudxg mgi`xdbw} uig}`{t, u`lfdoj uig}`{dg~$

Buig}


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G7/ Zidni buig} u}gùcgou~ `}g tbw }gngdxdoj2



RRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRR

H0/ Do tbw} bzo b{dodbo, {lg`~g doednùg bo uig ~n`lg mglbz zidni owcmg} mg~u eg~n}dmg~tbw} nboedudbo nw}}goult # uiù d~, bo `xg}`jg, bxg} uig {`~u cboui2

; 3 uig mg~u {b~~dmlg ~uùg

0; 3 uig zb}~u {b~~dmlg ~uùg

; 0 = > 5 7 8 : 9 4 0;

H=/ ûdll uidofdoj `mbwu uig {`~u cboui, buig} uiò zigo ù zb}f, i`xg tbw iè ub nwuebzo bo òt w~w`l {it~dn`l `nudxdudg~ mgn`w~g bh tbw} nboedudbo2

Gy`c{lg~ bh {it~dn`l `nudxdudg~ donlweg uidoj~ ~wni `~ nlgòdoj uig ibw~g, ~ib{{doj hb} hbbe òe

z`lfdoj ub zb}f `~ zgll `~ {it~dn`l ~{b}u~ ~wni `~ ~zdccdoj, `g}bmdn~ òe ugood~ gun/

Obu ù `ll

Xg}t lduulg

^bcgziù

Pwdug ` lbu

@ j}gù eg`l

H>/ )ûdll uidofdoj `mbwu uig {`~u cboui$, buig} uiò zigo ù zb}f, i`xg tbw iè ub nwuebzo bo òt w~w`l ~bnd`l `nudxdudg~ mgn`w~g bh tbw} nboedudbo2

Gy`c{lg~ bh ~bnd`l `nudxdudg~ donlweg ùugoedoj ` nlwm b} b}jòd~ùdbo, xd~dudoj h}dgoe~ b} }glùdxg~,woeg}u`fdoj xblwou`}t zb}f, jbdoj ub uig uigù}g gun/

Obu ù `ll

Xg}t lduulg

^bcgziù

Pwdug ` lbu

@ j}gù eg`l

H5/ )ûdll uidofdoj `mbwu uig {`~u cboui$, i`xg tbw iè ub nwu ebzo bo òt w~w`l `nudxdudg~zidl~u ù zb}f mgn`w~g bh tbw} nboedudbo2

Obu ù `ll

Xg}t lduulg

^bcgziù

Pwdug ` lbu

@ j}gù eg`l


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I>/ Bxg}`ll, do tbw} b{dodbo, ibz g`~t i`~ du mggo ub `nng~~ u}gùcgou hb} tbw} nboedudbo2

Xg}t g`~t

Pwdug g`~t

Ogduig} g`~t ob} edhhdnwlu

Pwdug edhhdnwlu

Xg}t edhhdnwlu

I5/ I`xg tbw gxg} iè ` nboxg}~ùdbo zdui tbw} J[ b} ` ig`luin`}g {}bhg~~dbo`l `mbwucò`jdoj tbw} nboedudbo do uig zb}f{l`ng, gxgo dh tbw `}g obu nw}}goult zb}fdoj2

Tg~

Ob

Ebo*u fobz

I7/ I`xg tbw gxg} }gngdxge dohb}cùdbo h}bc ` ~w{{b}u ~g}xdng )g/j/ oùdbo`l ig`lui`jgont, ` ni`}dut b} èxdng ngou}g$ ub igl{ tbw mguug} cò`jg tbw} nboedudbo do uig

zb}f{l`ng, gxgo dh tbw `}g obu nw}}goult zb}fdoj2

Tg~

Ob

Ebo*u fobz

I8/ I`xg tbw gxg} iè ` }guw}o#ub#zb}f nboxg}~ùdbo zdui tbw} J[ b} ` ig`luin`}g{}bhg~~dbo`l, gxgo dh tbw `}g obu nw}}goult zb}fdoj2

Tg~

Ob

Ebo*u fobz

I:/ Ub ziù gyugou i`~ tbw} J[ b} ig`luin`}g {}bhg~~dbo`l nbo~deg}ge tbw} `mdldut ub~u`t#do b} }guw}o#ub#zb}f ` ~wnng~~hwl bwunbcg bh tbw} u}gùcgou2

@ j}gù eg`l

taking the strain: the impact of musculoskeletal disorders on work and home life

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