taking on segregation section 29-1 pp. 906-915 “…in the field of public education the doctrine...
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Taking on Segregation
Section 29-1pp. 906-915
“…in the field of public education the doctrine of ‘separate but equal’ has no place. Separate
educational facilities are inherently unequal.”-Chief Justice Earl Warren in the Brown v. Board
decision
“…in the field of public education the doctrine of ‘separate but equal’ has no place. Separate
educational facilities are inherently unequal.”-Chief Justice Earl Warren in the Brown v. Board
decision
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The Segregation System
• Jim Crow laws kept African Americans living as second class citizens
• WWII and Civil Rights– New jobs– Served in military– FDR outlawed discrimination
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Challenging Segregation in Court
• NAACP – Legal team
headed by Thurgood Marshall
– Challenged segregation through court cases
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Challenging Segregation in Court• Brown v. Board of
Education (1954) – Outlawed
segregation in public schools
• Brown II (1955)– Ordered
integration to happen more quickly
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Reaction to Brown
• Little Rock Nine (1957)– AR Gov. refused to
integrate schools– Eisenhower sends
National Guard to escort students to school
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The Montgomery Bus Boycott– First organized
movement to fight segregation
– Led by Dr. M.L. King
– In 1956, the Supreme Court ruled segregated buses illegal
Rosa Parks Interviewed
Rosa Parks challenged discrimination on city
buses
Rosa Parks challenged discrimination on city
buses
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Martin Luther King and the SCLC
• Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. – Promoted
• Nonviolence• Civil disobedience
– Methods• Huge demonstrations• Boycotts
– 1957: Formed SCLC Dr. King riding an integrated bus in
Montgomery in 1956.
Dr. King riding an integrated bus in
Montgomery in 1956.
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Martin Luther King and the SCLC
• SNCC– Formed to involve
college students in the civil rights movement
– Sit-Ins• Often provoked
angry whites• Won sympathy for
protestors
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The Triumphs of a Crusade
Section 29-2pp. 916-922
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Riding for Freedom
• Freedom Riders (1961)– Rode buses to protest
segregation – RFK and JFK sent 400
US marshals to protect riders
– Segregation banned in travel facilities
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Standing Firm
• James Meredith – Gov. refused to let
him enter Univ. of Miss.
– JFK sent US marshals to let him in
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Standing Firm
• The Birmingham Campaign– Protestors viciously
attacked by police– Milestones
• Poor blacks join demand for equality
• Moderate whites in north and south begin supporting desegregation
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Marching to Washington
• March in D.C. (1963)– 250,000 demand
immediate passage of civil rights bill
– “I Have a Dream” Speech
– Civil Rights Act passed in 1964
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Fighting for Voting Rights
• Freedom Summer– Student volunteers register voters
Mississippi– Led to violence and murder
• 24th Amendment: Banned poll tax
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Fighting for Voting Rights
• Voting Rights Act of 1965– Eliminated literacy tests– Allowed federal examiners to register
voters