take notes 1 j200 - week © j.t.johnson 1999-2003 _____________________________fall 2004 notes...

1 J200 - Week © J.T.Johnson 1999-2003_____________________________Fall 2004Take

Notes

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Bounced E-mail

Turn in plagiarism forms Fire up CPS for testing. [email protected] The following addresses had

permanent fatal errors -----<[email protected]>... User unknown)

<[email protected]>... User unknown)


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Breaking News

NYT- “Book Unflattering to Bush Draws His Campaign's Fire”

NYT- “Do Newspapers Make Good News Look Bad?”

NYT-”Novel’s Latest Version on China Cellphones”

NYT-” Pathbreaking Magazine Again in Peril in Indonesia”


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Breaking News

NYT-”Computer Measures Political Mudslinging” http://www.nytimes.com/2004/09/12/politics/campaign/12mud.html & http://www.asu.edu/feature/campaign/

NYT-”Court Rules Against Pennsylvania…”


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Objectives for the week:

Implications of the changing infosphere for journalism

Implications of the First Amendment Functions of the media Fundamental theories to understand mass

media Basic questions to ask about media


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J200: Journalism and Mass Communications - Week II & III

Continuation of 1st Amendment Discussion

Process of Mass Communication Functions of the Media General Systems Theory Production / Distribution Controlling Influences Ethical Considerations


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Shannon-Weavercommunication model

Source

“Encodes”

MessageChannel

Receiver “decodes” message

Feedback


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The Mother-of-All quizzes

Get out your CPS pads How many freedoms are in the First

Amendment?


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Freedoms in 1st Amendment

5.

What are they? Freedom of religion Freedom of speech Freedom of press Right to petition the government for

redress of grievances Right to assemble


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The 1st Amendment to the U. S. ConstitutionCongress shall make no law

respecting an establishment of religion, or prohibiting the free exercise thereof; or abridging the freedom of speech, or of the press; or the right of the people peaceably to assemble, and to petition the Government for a redress of grievances.

— The First Amendment to the U.S. Constitution


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Connect to Freedom Forum

Freedom Forumhttp://www.freedomforum.org/

Freedom news / survey http://www.firstamendmentcenter.org/analysis.aspx?id=13575


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Americans and 1st Amendment

Only one of the five freedoms was identified by more than half of those surveyed: 58% named “speech.” For the other rights: religion — 17%; press — 15%; assembly — 10%.

Only 1% of Americans could name “petition” as one of the specific rights guaranteed by the First Amendment.


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Survey of Americans….

About 65% of respondents indicated overall support for First Amendment freedoms

30% said the First Amendment goes too far — a nine-point swing from last year and a dramatic change from the 2002 survey when Americans were evenly divided on the question at 49% each.


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58% said current amount of government regulation of entertainment programming on television is “about right;” 16% said there is “too much,” 21% said there is “too little.”

49% of respondents would have current daytime-and-early-evening regulations regarding references to sexual activity extended to cover all 24 hours; and 54% would extend those regulations to cable, which currently is not covered by such FCC rules.


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48% believe Americans have too little access to information about the federal government’s efforts to combat terrorism – up from 40% last year.

About 55% of those surveyed opposed a constitutional amendment to ban flag-burning, up from 51% in 2002.


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Survey of Americans

61% of Americans agreed with the statement: “the falsifying or making up of stories in the American news media is a widespread problem.”

77% agreed the news media should act as a “watchdog” on government.

50% said that they had too little information about the government’s war on terrorism; that figure was 40% in 2002.


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Survey of Americans

Four in 10 Americans believe the press has too much freedom.

News organizations are struggling to distinguish the legitimate press from the partisan and polarizing elements of the general “media,” survey found 39% agreed with the

statement “the news media try to report the news without bias.” The majority disagreed.


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U.S. Media Ownership Concentration Watching the Media: Who Owns What -

guide to what the major media companies own. Columbia Journalism Review. Also: an

interactive chart of the Big Ten's media holdings, from The Nation.


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Quick quiz

Get out CPS How many of the Americans

surveyed believe “the press has too much freedom?”

A. 10 percentB. 20 percentC. 40 percentD. 60 percent

Run Attendance survey


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Focus & Function of 1st Amend.

Given the 5 factors in the 1st Amend, what might we assume are the functions of the 1st Amend.? Protect religion Protect political and other speech

Recent research concludes that freedom of speech is a key factor in economic development. See World Bank studyhttp://worldbankfreespeech.notlong.com


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World Bank Study

A free press can… reduce poverty and boost economic

development in poor countries, but …

success of newspapers, radio and TV stations in spurring development depends on…

their independence, quality, and their ability to reach a wide audience.


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World Bank Study

Free and independent media can expose corruption in

government and the corporate sector,

provide a voice for the people/citizens to be heard, and

help build public consensus to bring about change


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In all mass media industries, organizations carry out four primary activities:

Production Distribution Exhibition Finance


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An analysis matrix:

Type/ Variable

Prod. Distrib. Exhibition Finance

Books

Newspprs

Magazines

Radio

TV

etc.


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An analysis matrix:

Type/ Variable

Prod. Distrib. Exhibition Finance Gov't. Regs

Books

Newspprs

Magazines

Radio

TV

etc.


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Brief introduction to General Systems Theory Attributes of a system….

1. Composed of variables, i.e. elements that can be defined, or described, separately. Sub-variables. Tree-to-branch-to-

leaf-to-cell

2. There are relationships between variables Horizontal relationships Vertical (i.e. hierarchical)

relationships


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Brief introduction to General Systems Theory

3. A system has boundaries Conceptual Legal: corporate, jurisdiction Geographic Cultural

4. A system has goals, self-defined or with a definition imposed by an observer/researcher Make money Provide for group security, happiness,

procreation

5. System is capable of learning


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Applying theory: a teaching moment

Gen. Systems Theory1. Boundaries2. Variables

a) Sub-variablesb) Sub-sub-

variables

3. Relationships4. Goals5. Capable of

learning

Theory of Communication

1. Source 2. Encodes message 3. Message on channel

4. Recipient decodes

message 5. Feedback


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A newspaper as a system

Editorial

Production

Circulation

Advertising

“Backoffice”


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A newspaper as a system

Editorial

Local News

Int’l News Business Sports


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A newspaper variables and sub-systems

Editorial

Local News

Int’l News Business Sports

High SchoolCollegeProfessional


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Online enterprise Dynamic system model


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These activities involve resources and power Resources:

The symbolic and material components a system needs to carry out its tasks.

Power: The use of resources by one system in order to gain compliance by another system.


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Power role

Power roles Resource-controlling relationships Taken on mostly by systems

Producer Power Role Creates material for release to

public Competition over niches


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Power Role

Exhibitor Power Role Exhibition is the activity of

presenting mass media materials to audiences for viewing or purchase

Finance can involve two power roles Investor Client


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The Client Power Role

Organizations pay for product that exists

Advertisers -- the main support system

But others exist as well


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Investor Power Role

Broadly speaking, a company has two ways to get money in anticipation of production Take out loans, and… Encourage investments in the

company

Many media firms are public companies -- that is, their stocks are available on the open market.


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Other ways to get financing

Venture capitalistsStock offeringsIPO -- Initial Public Offerings


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Media financing

Large majority of U.S. media are in commercial handsQ: Does that make for better or worse media content?

That doesn’t mean government is out of the picture


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Media Financing/Gov’t control


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How to take notes on film/video

Create a timeline for yourself, i.e. when does the subject start/end?

Note rough date (usually) for all facts; plug into timeline if possible?

Who are the major players: people, institutions, gov’t agencies? What do they do/want?


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How to take notes on film/video

Are there any cause-and-effect relationships?

What is the role of economic/law/technology?

What has changed over time? Is the nation/culture of the

film unique?


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Porn/ Industry/ Government/

“60 Minutes” report “Porn In The U.S.A.”http://www.cbsnews.com/stories/2003/11/21/60minutes/main585049.shtml (Two parts; right column links)


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Government regulation

Government regulations influence the kinds of businesses firms can enter

Government regulations also influence kinds of materials producers can create and show to audiences.


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Controlling Influences: Government

Authority Power Role Certain businesses, such as radio

broadcasting, television broadcasting and cable TV, have government (all levels) regulations directed just at them.

Licensing Copyright

FCC and Powell http://www.washingtonpost.com/ac2/wp-dyn/A3541-2003Jan2?language=printer


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Obscenity Q: Can the police come to your home and take out an obscene video that you have rented? The Tin Drum case

http://archive.aclu.org/issues/freespeech/tindrum.html


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Libel Is an Internet Service Provider

libel for libelous notes that it sends?

The case of Lunney v. Prodigyhttp://legal.web.aol.com/decisions/dldefam/lunney.html


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Free speech protections


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Controlling Influences: Ethics

What determines media ethics? Individuals Corporate culture Corporate “standards” Audience pressures Professional organizations

take notes 1 j200 - week © j.t.johnson 1999-2003 _____________________________fall 2004 notes...

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