tajweed
TRANSCRIPT
Assalamu alaikum. Alhamdu lillah, we have finally completed the version (Dated: 6th February 2008) of this work that provides you with charts on Rules of Tajweed. We don’t claim to be an expert in this area but we have tried our best to develop this tajweed material by referring to few books. We believe that this material would be useful to those who are teaching Tajweed. Also, this can be used as a reference material. In order to develop this material, we have referred to the following books:1. Moulana Muhammad Ibrahim Sahib Baaqavi, Hidayathus sifyan fi tajweedil Quran, Haadi Publishers, Chennai, India. [In Tamil]2. Dr. Abdul-majid Khan, Tajwid: The art of recitation of the Holy Quran, Urdu Academy Sind, Karachi, Pakistan. [In English]3. ساعدلا ديبع تزع ديوجتلا نف , , Dar Ibn Hajam, Beirut, Lebanon. [In Arabic]4. Umm Muhammad, A Brief Introduction to Tajweed, Abul-Qasim Publishing House, Jeddah. [In English]
We ask Allah to forgive our shortcomings and accept our efforts. Please provide us with suggestions and/or comments for further improvement. We acknowledge the help of many brothers and sisters in the preparation of this document. May Allah reward them all, aameen.Please remember us and our parents in your prayers.
Contact Email: [email protected] Address:M.I. Seyed Mohamed Buhari,24-E, Mohideen Street,Kayalpatnam – 628 204.Tamil Nadu. INDIA.
TAJWEED RULES
PREFACE
1
ديوجتلا ماكحأRULES OF TAJWEED
فقولا ماكحأRULES OFSTOPPING
طبضلا تامالعPUNCTUATION
MARKS
ءادتبالاو فقولاSTOPPING AND
INITIATION
يفاحلا فورحلاMOLARTONGUE
ةيرجشلا فورحلاPALATAL
CONSONANTS
نايوهللا نافرحلاUVULAR
CONSONANTS
ةيقلحلا فورحلاPHARYNGEAL
(THROAT) CONSONANTS
موشيخلاNASAL CAVITY
(NASALIZATION)
ةيوفشلا فورحلاLABIAL (LIP)
CONSONANTS
ةيلسألا فورحلاINTER-DENTAL
ةيوثللا فورحلاALVEO-DENTAL
ةيعطنلا فورحلاDENTAL
CONSONANTS
ةيقلذلا فورحلاALVEOLAR
CONSONANTS
فورحلا جراخمPLACES OF ARTICULATION
دملا ماكحأRULES OF MADD
ماغدإلا ماكحأASSIMILATION
ءارلا ماكحأRULES OF RAA
ماللا فرح ماكحأRULES OF LAAM
ةنكاسلا ميملا فرح ماكحأRULES OF MEEM
SAKINAH
ماكحأ نونلا ةنكاسلا نيونتلاوNOON SAKINAH AND
TANWEEN
نيتددشملا نونلاو ميملا ماكحأMUSHADDAD NOON
AND MEEM
ةلقلقلاQALQALAH
فورحلا ماكحأRULES OFLETTERS
2
فورحلا ماكحأTHE RULES OF LETTERS
دملا ماكحأRULES OF
MADD
ماغدإلا ماكحأRULES OF
ASSIMILATION
ءارلا ماكحأRULES OF RAA
ماللا فرح ماكحأRULES OF
LAAM
نيتددشملا نونلاو ميملا ماكحأRULES OF
MUSHADDAD NOONAND MEEM
ةنكاسلا ميملا فرح ماكحأRULES OF MEEM
SAKINAH
ةلقلقلاRULES OF
QALQALAH
نيونتلاو ةنكاسلا نونلا ماكحأRULES OF NOON
SAKINAH AND TANWEEN
يلصالا دملاNATURAL MADD
يعرفلا دملاDERIVED MADD
نيلثامتملاIDENTICAL
LETTERS
نيسناجتملاSAME PLACE OFARTICULATION
نيبراقتملاCLOSE PLACE OFARTICULATION
يوفشلا راهظإلاITH-HAAR SHAFAWI
يوفشلا ماغدإلاIDGHAAM SHAFAWI
يوفشلا ءافخإلاIKHFAA SHAFAWI
راهظإلاITH-HAAR
ماغدإلاIDGHAAM
ءافخإلاIKHFAA
بالقإلاIQLAAB
ةلالجلا ظفل مالLAAM JALALAH
فيرعتلا مالLAAM TA'RIF
ةيرمقلا مالLAAM
QAMARIYYAH
ةيسمشلا مالLAAM
SHAMSIYYAH
لعفلا مالLAAM OF
VERB
فورحلا ماكحأTHE RULES OF LETTERS [Contd ...]
3
WAYS TO START RECITINGSURAHS
PERMITTED WAYSTO RECITE
READ ذوعتلا ةلمسبلا , AND ةروسلا SEPARATELY
READ ذوعتلا ةلمسبلا , AND ةروسلا JOINTLY
READ وعتلاذ ةلمسبلا , JOINTLY AND ةروسلا
SEPARATELY
READ ذوعتلا SEPARATELY. THEN ةلمسبلا AND ةروسلا
JOINTLY
WAYS OF RECITING SURAHSCONTINUOUSLY
PERMITTED WAYSTO RECITE
READ CURRENT ةروسلا ,ةلمسبلا AND NEXT ةروسلا
SEPARATELY
READ CURRENT ةروسلاSEPARATELY. THEN ةلمسبلاAND NEXT ةروسلا JOINTLY
READ CURRENT ةروسلا ,ةلمسبلا AND NEXT ةروسلا
JOINTLY
WAY NOTPERMITTED TO
RECITE
READ CURRENT ةروسلا , ةلمسبلا JOINTLY AND NEXT ةروسلا
SEPARATELY
4
غفور رحيم , من لدنك
ـ ـ ـ , ن
NOON SAKINAH OR TANWEEN
ماغدإلاIDGHAAM
بالقإلاIQLAAB
ءافخإلاIKHFAA
راهظإلاITH-HAAR
(READ CLEARLY)
ء ه ح خ ع غ
ةنغ عم(With Stress)
ي و م ن
(Assimilation of one letter into another)
ي ر م ل و ن
(CONVERT ن OR TANWEEN TO م)
ب
(USE NOSE)
ت ث ج د ذ ز س ش ص ض ط ظ فق ك
ةنغ نودب(Without Stress)
ر ل
نيونتلاو ةنكاسلا نونلا ماكحأRULES FOR READING CHARACTERS THAT APPEAR AFTER NOON SAKINAH OR TANWEEN
مات ماغدإOR صقان ماغدإلماك ماغدإ
نوأني , نيمأ لوسر نولهجت موق , اولعفت نل اريصب اريبخ , دعب نم
بعلو اوزه , لاو نم ميحر روفغ , كندل نم
Exceptions in Idghaam:1. Idghaam does not apply in one word [ سي and ن ]
ميكحلا نأرقلاو سينورطسي امو ملقلاو ن
2. Idghaam does not apply if there is sakta between the wordsقار نم ليقو
3. If و OR ي appears in same word after ن , Read clearly ( راهظإ ) ناونق ايند 5
مMEEM SAKINAH
يوفش ماغدإIDGHAAM SHAFAWI
يوفش ءافخإIKHFAA SHAFAWI
يوفش راهظإITH-HAAR SHAFAWI
(READ CLEARLY)
OTHER LETTERS EXCEPT م & ب
ةنغ عم(With Stress)
م
(USE NOSE, WITH STRESS)
ب
ةنكاسلا ميملا فرح ماكحأRULES FOR READING CHARACTERS THAT APPEAR AFTER MEEM SAKINAH
رت ملأ مهب مهبر هللا ملك نم مهنم
نيتددشملا نونلاو ميملا ماكحأRULES OF MUSHADDAD NOON
AND MEEM
READ ن AND م WITH STRESS, EVEN WHILE STOPPING
For Noon Shaddah: ناج , سانلاو ةنجلا نم
For Meem Shaddah: مث , ملا6
RULES FOR READING QALQALAH CHARACTERS THAT APPEAR WITH SUKUN: READ WITH ECHO SOUND
ةلقلقلاQALQALAH
دج بطق
ىرغص[WEAK ECHO]
IF ANYONE OF THE QALQALAH CHARACTERS WITH SUKUN APPEARS
IN THE MIDDLE OF A WORD
ىربك[STRONG ECHO]
IF ANYONE OF THE QALQALAH CHARACTERS WITH SUKUN
APPEARS AT THE END OF A WORD AND WHEN WE STOP AT IT
رادقم قاثيم
7
ماكحأ ماغدإلاRULES OF IDGHAAM
ماغدإIDGHAAM
IF SUKUN IS FOLLOWED BY - OR - OR -
نيلثامتمMUTAMAATHILAIN
نيبراقتمMUTAQARIBAIN
نيسناجتمMUTAJANISAIN
IF THE SUKUN LETTER AND THE NEXT LETTER ARE SAME
IF THE SUKUN LETTER AND THE NEXT LETTER ARE DIFFERENT BUT WITH SAME ORIGIN
IF THE SUKUN LETTER AND THE NEXT LETTER ARE DIFFERENT BUT WITH CLOSE-BY ORIGIN
ابضاغم بهذ ذإ بر لق وملظ ذإ
Exceptions in Idhgaam:There will be no merger1. If both identical letters are with harakah
مهعمسب بهذ
2. If both letters are letters of Madd [ و and ي ]ىراصنلاو اوداه
3. If there is a sakta between two identical lettersكله هيلام
If the letters of Madd are Leen letters [ي or وpreceeded by fathah], then there will be a complete
merger without nasalization
اوناكو اوصع امب is pronounced as مبع اصوناكوا
8
ءارلا ماكحأRULES FOR READING 'RAA' DUE TO CHARACTERS OR HARAKAH THAT APPEAR
ON OR BEFORE OR AFTER IT
ءارلا ماكحأRULES OF 'RAA'
ميخفتSTRONG
قيقرتSOFT
BOTH TYPESTRONG &
SOFT
1. RAA WITH FATHAH OR DHAMMAH OR FATHATAIN OR DHAMMATAIN [ ر ر ر ر ]2. SAME AS 1ST POINT BUT WITH SHADDAH [ ر ر ر ر ]3. RAA WITH SUKUN AND THE LETTER BEFORE IS EITHER WITH DHAMMAH OR FATHAH [ ر ـ ر ـ , ]4. RAA WITH SUKUN AND THE LETTER BEFORE IS WITH SUKUN AND THE LETTER BEFORE THAT IS WITH FATHAH OR DHAMMAH [ ر ـ ـ ر ـ ـ , ]5. RAA WITH SUKUN AND THE LETTER BEFORE IS WITH TRUE KASRAH AND THE LETTER AFTER RAA IS ANYONE OF THESE CHARACTERS (خ ص ض غ ط ظ ءالعتسإلا فورح CALLED AS (ق6. RAA WITH SUKUN AND THE LETTER BEFORE IS WITH TEMPORARY KASRAH [ را ]
1. RAA WITH KASRAH OR KASRATAIN [ ر , ر ]
2. SAME AS 1ST POINT BUT WITH SHADDAH [ ر ر , ]
3. RAA WITH SUKUN AND THE LETTER BEFORE IS WITH KASRAH [ ر ـ ]
4. RAA WITH SUKUN AND THE LETTER BEFORE IS WITH SUKUN AND THE LETTER BEFORE THAT IS WITH KASRAH [ ر ـ ـ ]
5. RAA WITH SUKUN AND THE LETTER BEFORE IS يWITH SUKUN AND THE LETTER BEFORE THAT IS WITH FATHAH [ ي ـ ر ]6. THE WORD اهرجم
قرف .1 -- PREFER SOFT
رطقلا .2 -- PREFER SOFT
رصم .3 -- PREFER STRONG
قرب , رس , انبر
ىضترا , ةقرف , ردقلا , رسعلا
يرد , لاجر
ريخ , رجح , رذنا9
ماللا فرح ماكحأRULES FOR READING LAAM
ةلالجلا ظفل مالLAAM IN THE WORD هللا
ميخفتSTRONG
هللا ـ OR هللا ـ
IF FATHAH OR DHAMMAH APPEARS BEFORE هللا
قيقرتSOFT
هللا ـ
IF KASRAH APPEARS BEFORE هللا
LAAM IN WORDS OTHER THAN هللا
قيقرتSOFT
ةيسمشلا مالLAAM SHAMSIYYAH
LAAM IS NOT PRONOUNCED
ب ج ح خ ع غ ف ق ك م و ه ي تء ث د ذ ر ز س ش ص ض ط ظ ل ن
ةيرمقلا مالLAAM QAMARIYYAH
LAAM IS PRONOUNCED
هللا دارأ, هللا هعفر هللا دمحلا , هللا مسب
هلك , مهلوام
روطلاو ريصبلا
فيرعتلا مالLAAM TA'RIF
READING LAAM WITH OTHER CHARACTERS
لعفلا مالLAAM OF VERB
Pronounced as راهظإ , if at the beginning or middle of
the verb
Pronounced as ماغدإ , if followed by raa or laam
اتقتلا نيتئف
انلعج , انلق
هعفر لب is pronounced as هعفرب
Exception: No Idghaam if there is sakata
نار لب الك 10
فلألا ماكحأRULES FOR READING ALIF
READING ALIF
ميخفتSTRONG
قيقرتSOFT
IF ANYONE OF THE ءالعتسإلا فورحCHARACTERS (خ ص ض غ ط ظ (ق
APPEAR BEFORE ALIF, READ ALIF STRONGLY
IF CHARACTERS OTHER THAN ءالعتسإلا فورح
CHARACTERS APPEAR BEFORE ALIF, READ ALIF
SOFTLY
ىصع ىسع
11
دملا ماكحأRULES FOR READING MADD CHARACTERS [1]
ا ـ , ي ـ و ـ ,
RULES OF MADD
يلصا دمNATURAL MADD
يعرف دمDERIVED MADD
1. MADD SHOULD NOT BE FOLLOWED BY SUKUN [ ـ ] OR HAMZAH [ء]2. READ AS ONE ALIF3. OTHER NAMES: 'JAATI' OR 'TABAYI'
MADD SHOULD BE FOLLOWED BY SUKUN
ـ ] ] OR HAMZAH [ء]
لصتم دمMADD MUTTASIL
لصفنم دمMADD MUNFASIL
مزال دمMADD LAAZIM
ضراع دمMADD AARIDH
1.MADD IS FOLLOWED BY HAMZAH IN SAME WORD2. READ AS 4 TO 5 ALIF3. OTHER NAME: 'MADD WAJIB'
1. MADD IS FOLLOWED BY HAMZAH IN DIFFERENT WORD2. READ AS 2 TO 4 ALIF3. OTHER NAME: 'MADD JAIZ'
1. MADD IS FOLLOWED BY SUKUN ASLI [REAL SUKUN]2. READ AS 3 TO 5 ALIF
1. MADD IS FOLLOWED BY TEMPORARY SUKUN2. READ AS ANYONE OF THREE TYPES [Refer next page]
انيتوا
ءاش اهنا اولاق Contd ...
لدب دمMADD BADAL
ضوع دمMADD IWADH
MADD LETTER IS PRECEEDED BY
HAMZAH
ALIF REPLACES FATHATAIN WHEN ONE STOPS ON IT
يتوا , ناميإ , نمآ اجاوفأ IS READ AS وفأجاا
12
دملا ماكحأRULES FOR READING MADD CHARACTERS [2]
مزال دمMADD LAAZIM
ضراع دمMADD AARIDH
READING IN ANYONE TYPE IS OUR CHOICE [BE CONSISTENT]
لقثم ىملكKALIMA MUTHAQQAL
ففخم ىملكKALIMA MUKHAFFAF
لقثم ىفرحHARFI MUTHAQQAL
ففخم ىفرحHARFI MUKHAFFAF
SHADDAH APPEARS AFTER دم IN ONE WORD - دم
SUKUN APPEARS AFTER دم IN ONE WORD - دم
SHADDAH APPEARS ON دمIN ONE CHARACTER
SUKUN APPEARS ON دمIN ONE CHARACTER
رصقQASR
READ AS ONE ALIF
طسوتTAWASSUT
READ AS 2 OR 3 ALIF
لوطTOOL
READ AS 5 ALIF
Exception: The word ملا in نارمع لا ةروسcan be read with or without دم
ةباد
نئلاONLY PLACE
مسط ص
CHANGE محلفون TO نوحلفم
13
دملا ماكحأ RULES FOR READING MADD CHARACTERS
S. No.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
Name of Madd
لصتم بجاو دم
لصفنم زءاج دم
نوكسلل ضراع دم
لدب دم
ضوع دم
ىملك ففخم مزال دم
ىملك لقثم مزال دم
ىفرح عبشم مزال دم
ىفرح ففحم مزال دم
نيل دم
ةليوط ةلص دم
ةريصق ةلص دم
قرف دم
نيكمت دم
ىعيبط دم
Explanation
دم فورح and ء appear adjacently in one word
دم فورح and ء appear adjacently but in two words
Convert the fatha or kasra or dammah or kasratain or dammathain at the end to sukun, while stopping
ا is followed by ء or و or ي
Convert fathathain at the end to Alif, while stopping
دم فورح is followed by sukun [ ـ ]
دم فورح is followed by saddha in one word
مكلسع صقن
رهط يح
و ـ , ي ـ
Haa Dameer (ه) is followed by ء
Haa Dameer (ه) is followed by any character other than ء
Hamzah Isthifham (أ) is followed by Shaddah
Madd (ي , و , ا) should not be followed by sukun or Hamzah
ي is followed by ي
Examples
نوحلفم is changed to نوحلفم
Elongation in Counts ( ةآرح )
2 to 5
2 to 6
2
2
6
6
6
2
2 to 6
6
6
2
2
ءآمس , ءىس , ءآج , ءاش
اهنا اولاق
نمآ , مدآ
اميلع is changed to اميلع
نآلآ is actually نآلاا
ةمآـطلا , نيلاضلا الو
صمـلا , مسط , ملا
سي , هط
فوخ is changed to فوخ
برضي نا هب
هـللا لق , نيركذلا لق
هب هنا
نييما , متييح
ليق , لوقي , لاق
First 14 Madd types are called as دم يعرف
5
2
14
نيل فورح ماكحأRULES OF HURUF LEEN
نيل فورحHURUF LEEN
و ـ ي ـ ,
مزال نيل دمMADD LEEN
LAAZIM
1. HURUF LEEN IS FOLLOWED BY TRUE SUKUN2. READ AS رصق OR طسوت OR لوط . BUT لوط IS BETTER
ضراع نيل دمMADD LEEN
AARIDH
1. HURUF LEEN IS FOLLOWED BY TEMPORARY SUKUN2. READ AS رصق OR طسوت OR لوط
ينطق نونNOON QUTNI
IF SUKUN APPEARS AFTER TANWEEN, THEN:
1. CHANGE TANWEEN TO KASRAH2. ADD A NOON WITH KASRAH
BETWEEN THEM
Exception:1. IF WE STOP AT TANWEEN, THERE IS NO NOON QUTNI
2. IN صالخإلا ةروس , STOPPING IS BETTER
ONLY TWO PLACESصعيهك , قسع
توم تيب ,
يذلا ن ةزمل
15
ةلصلا ماكحأRULES OF SILAH
SILAH MEANS READING هELONGATEDLY LIKE دم
ءايلاب ةلصSILAH BIL YAH
IF KASRAH COMES BEFORE ه , READ
LIKE ي OF دم
واولاب ةلصSILAH BIL WAV
IF FATHAH OR DHAMMAH COMES
BEFORE ه , READ LIKE وOF دم
Exception: DHAMMAH APPEARS ON هINSTEAD OF KASRAH
هيناسنأ امو IN SURAH فهك
هللا هيلع IN SURAH حتف
Exception: SUKUN APPEARS ON ه INSTEAD OF KASRAH
هجرأ IN SURAH فارعأهقلأف IN SURAH لمن
Exception: NO ةلص BECAUSE THEY ARE NOT ه BUT PART OF THE
WORD ITSELF
هقفن IN SURAH دوههكاوف IN SURAH نونمؤمهتنت مل IN SURAH ميرم
هبهعم
Exception: IF ي WITH SUKUN APPEARS BEFORE ه , READ ه WITH
KASRAH BUT WITHOUT ELONGATION
هيف
BUT READ يفم ههناا WITH ELONGATION
Exception: IFANYTHING EXCEPT يWITH SUKUN APPEARS BEFORE ه ,
READ ه WITH DHAMMAH
هنم
GENERAL RULE: IF A LETTER WITH SUKUN APPEARS BEFORE ه, THEN WE WON'T READ ELONGATEDLY
Exception: DHAMMAH OF IS NOT ELONGATED ه
مكل هضري اوركشت نإوIN SURAH رمزلا
Exception: IF مل APPEARS BEFORE لعف , THEN ي AT THE
END WILL BE REMOVED.SO, THERE IS NO
ELONGATION
يهتني مل IS READ AS هتني مل
16
ةزمهلا ماكحأRULES OF HAMZAH
RULES OF HAMZAH
لصو ةزمهHAMZAH WASL
عطق ةزمهHAMZAH QATH
1. IF A WORD STARTS WITH SUKUN, WE ADD A HAMZAH TO IT
2. THIS HAMZAH IS TEMPORARY HAMZAH 3. IF THIS HAMZAH APPEARS BETWEEN
TWO WORDS, THEN IT WILL NOT BE READ
1. THIS HAMZAH IS PART OF THE WORD
2. IF THIS HAMZAH APPEARS BETWEEN TWO WORDS, IT WILL BE
READ
بلطاف مهترذناء
IF لعف BEGINS WITH لصو ةزمه AND THIRD LETTER OF THE WORD IS DHAMMAH, THEN DHAMMAH IS
GIVEN TO HAMZAH
IF لعف BEGINS WITH لصو ةزمه AND THIRD LETTER OF THE WORD IS FATHAH OR KASRAH, THEN
KASRAH IS GIVEN TO HAMZAH
IF THE WORD BEGINS WITH DEFINITE ARTICLE لا , THEN
FATHAH IS GIVEN TO HAMZAH
رظنا is read as نارظتفاح is read as تفاح
لاملا is read as لاملا
يذلا is read as يذلا
IF مسا BEGINS WITH لصو ةزمه , THEN
KASRAH IS GIVEN TO HAMZAH
راطفنا راشتنا نبا نيتنتا
ةنبا ةارما نينثا مسا17
AMONG TWO WORDS, IF THE FIRST WORD ENDS WITH SUKUN AND THE
SECOND WORD STARTS WITH SUKUN
IF THE LETTER WITH SUKUN IN THE FIRST
WORD IS A MADD LETTER, THIS MADD LETTER IS REMOVED
دمحلا اولاقو
IF THE LETTER WITH SUKUN IN THE FIRST
WORD IS NOT A MADD LETTER, THEN READ مOR و WITH DHAMMAH
ةللضلا ورتشا
IF THE LETTER WITH SUKUN IN THE FIRST WORD IS ن FROM نم[ZAR], READ THE ن
WITH FATHAH
هللا نم
IF THE LETTER WITH SUKUN IN THE FIRST WORD IS NOT MADD AND NOT ن FROM نم
[ZAR], THEN READ THE SUKUN LETTER WITH
KASRAH
ليللا مق
EXCEPTION:هللا ملا IN نارمع لا ةروس SHOULD BE READ WITH FATHAH
18
فقولا ماكحأRULES OF STOPPING
RULES FOR ENDING A SENTENCE
CHANGE FATHAH OR DHAMMAH OR KASRAH OR DHAMMATAIN OR
KASRATAIN TO SUKUN
CHANGE FATHATAIN TO ALIF CHANGE ة TO ه
NOTATIONS IN HOLY QURAN
MUST STOP
O or ه or م or طor ةكس or هفقو
MUST NOT STOP
ال
PREFERRED TO STOP
فق
PREFERRED NON-STOP
or ق or ز-ج or زىلص or لص
STOP AND NON-STOP ARE SAME
ال] or ص or جabove O or ه]
1. STOP AT ONE :. AND NOT AT ANOTHER :.2. DIFFERENT OPINION PERSISTS FOR الف
مالسلا هيلع ليربج .1 STOPPED AT جنم فقول2. PREFER STOPPING AT
نارفغ فقو3. PREFER NON-STOP AT
نارفك فقو
STOP نيعتسن AS نيعتسن
STOP ميحر بر نم AS نم رب ريحم
STOP ادحا AS دحاا STOP ةولصلا AS صلاهول
OBSERVE AS PREVIOUS SYMBOL IN THE AAYAH
ك
GENERAL RULE: 1. WE MUST STOP AT م . IF NOT, THE MEANING WILL CHANGE.
2. FOR NOTATIONS OTHER THAN م: IF YOU ARE NOT ABLE TO READ CONTINUOUSLY, YOU CAN STOP AT ANY PLACE. BUT WHILE CONTINUING, WE SHOULD REPEAT ONE OR
TWO WORDS PRECEEDING THE PLACE AT WHICH WE STOPPED.
19
ةتكس ماكحأRULES OF SAKTA
SAKTA: STOP THE SOUND BUT DON'T BREAK THE BREATH
اجوع IN SURAH فهك
اندقرم نم IN SURAH سي
نم ليق IN SURAH ةمايق
لب الك IN SURAH نيففطم
ACCORDING TO SOME SCHOLARS
كله هيلام IN SURAH ةقاحلا
GENERAL RULE: THERE IS NO SAKTA AT THE POINT OF STOPPING
20
فورحلا جراخمTHE PLACES OF ARTICULATION
يفاحلا فورحلاMOLAR
CONSONANT
ض
ةيرجشلا فورحلاPALATAL
CONSONANTS
ج ش ي
نايوهللا نافرحلاUVULAR
CONSONANTS
ك ق
ةيوفشلا فورحلاLABIAL (LIP)
CONSONANTS
ب ف م و
ةيلسألا فورحلاINTER-DENTAL CONSONANTS
ز س ص
ةيوثللا فورحلاALVEO-DENTAL
CONSONANTS
ث ذ ظ
ةيعطنلا فورحلاDENTAL
CONSONANTS
ت د ط
ةيقلذلا فورحلاALVEOLAR
CONSONANTS
ل ر ن
ةيقلحلا فورحلاPHARYNGEAL
(THROAT) CONSONANTS
قلحلا ىندأLOWER THROAT
خ غ
قلحلا طسوMIDDLE THROAT
ح ع
قلحلا ىصقأUPPER THROAT
ء ه
موشيخلاNASAL CAVITY
(NASALIZATION)
م ن
مفلا فوجORAL CAVITY
(VOWELS)
ا و ي
فورحلا جراخمTHE PLACES OF ARTICULATION
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