tadao takahashi the digital divide and brazil socinfo/pal/0107 program for the information society...
TRANSCRIPT
Tadao Takahashi
The Digital Divide
and
Brazil
SOCINFO/PAL/0107
Program for the Information Society MCT - Brazil
PublicFTAA.ecom/inf/107
October 24, 2001
Original: English
The Speaker:
Head, Information Society Program, Brazil
Member, UN ICT Task Force
Member, G-8 DOT Force
Chair, Information Society Commission in Brazil,
RECYT/MERCOSUR
Director, Language Center for Portuguese,
Project UNL, IAS/UNU
Tadao Takahashi ([email protected])Tadao Takahashi ([email protected])
The Digital Divide
The Digital Divide and Brazil
International Cooperation
Final Remarks
Contents
The Digital Divide
Fifteen Global Challenges Identified
ICT for Development
Internet as a Measure of the Digital Divide
A Reference Model for Action
Fifteen Global Challenges Identified(State of the Future at the Millenium,
The Millenium Project, UNU, 2000)
1. How can Sustainable Development be achieved for all?
2. How can everyone have sufficient clean water without
conflict?
3. How can population growth and resources be brought
into balance?
4. How can genuine democracy emerge from authoritarian
regimes?
5. How can policy making be made more sensitive to global
long-term perspectives?
Fifteen Global Challenges Identified (cont.)
6. How can the globalization and the convergence of ICTs
work for everyone?
7. How can ethical market economies be encouraged to
help reduce the gap between rich and poor?
8. How can the threat of new and reermeging diseases and
immune microorganisms be reduced?
9. How can the capacity to decide be improved as the
nature of work and institutions change?
10. How can shared values and new security strategies
reduce ethnic conflicts, terrorism, and the use of
weapons of mass destruction?
Fifteen Global Challenges Identified (cont.)
11. How can the changing status of woman help improve the
human condition?
12. How can be organized crime be stopped from becoming
more powerful and sophisticated global enterprises?
13. How can growing energy demand be met safely and
efficiently?
14. How can scientific and technological breakthroughs be
accelerated to improve the human condition?
15. How can ethical considerations become more routinely
incorporated into global decisions?
Fifteen Global Challenges Identified (cont.)
ICT is mentioned only once...
Why then is the so-called “Digital Divide”
considered so critical?
ICT for Development
ICT is critical because
Empowers the private sector to create/improve
products and services and generate wealth
Empowers citizens through direct access to
information/services/interest groups
Empowers governments through ability to provide
better services in all areas
f13100ia.cdr
IC T
EC O NO M ICSO C IAL
INNO VATIO N
ICT: Common Base for Innovation in all Social /
Economic Activities
ICT for Development (cont.)
Internet as a Measure for the Digital Divide
Internet is the “língua
franca” for services &
application in all three
domains
USA1998
HOMES(m illion)
COMPANI ESW I TH
WEBSI TES
25
10%
36
50%
100
90%
58.5
70%
66
95%
106
98%
2004
# TOTAL
LARGE
W I TH PCs
MEDI UM
CONNECTED
SMALL
Internet as a Measure of the Digital Divide (cont.)
Individual User Connectivity in EU (1999)
S ource: Booz- Allen & Ham iltonf08400ia.cdr
INT
ER
NE
T U
SE
R P
EN
ET
RA
TIO
N
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
United S
tate
s
Sweden
Finla
nd
United K
ingdom
Netherla
nd
Germany
France
SpainI ta
ly
Portugal
40 %38 %
22 %
18 %
14 %13 %
8%7%
Tier 1:“Leaders”
Tier 2:“Follow ers”
Tier 3:“Laggards”
5%
60 %
Internet as a Measure of the Digital Divide (cont.)
A Reference Model for Action
Web-based Education
MJ/BRWIPO
E-Com merce
Comitê Gestor/BR
ICANN
VideoConferencingvBNS
QoSMulticast
FCC (US)ANATEL (BR)OFTEL (UK)
Backboning &
Access Services
DWDM , B-CDMA,LMDS Gbit
ethernet
LEOSatelites
Internet2/NGI
Agenda
f08900ia.cdr
A P P LIC ATIO N S
G E N E R IC S E R VIC E S
IN FR A ST R U CT U R E
R &DS TATE -O F -TH E -A R T
TE C H N O LO G IE SR EG U LATO R Y
A S P E C TSM A R K E T
SocInfo/BR
A Reference Model for Action (cont.)
A National Plan to deal with the Digital
Divide involves a whole range of activities,
including:
Applications
GenericServices
Infrastructure
regulatory framework,
phisical communications infra-structure,
Internet access dissemination,
structuring applications (in Education, Health, etc.)
capacity building
cultural changes
etc.
The Digital Divide and Brazil
Internet in Brazil: so far, so good!
Challenges for the Future
Policy and Mechanisms
Some activities and Goals
Internet in Brazil: so far, so good!
Individual Users : 10,5 million (5%) (June 2001)
Domains : 420 thousand (Sep. 2001)
Service Providers : 1200 companies (Apr. 2001)
B2B Commerce : US$ 700 million (2001E)
Fixed telephone lines : 40 million (May 2001)
Wireless telephone lines : 25 million (May 2001)
Personal Computers : 12 million (Jan 2001)
Some Numbers
Internet in Brazil: so far, so good! (cont.)
Bank Million Users
Bank of America
Wells Fargo
Bradesco
Merita Nordbanken
EGG
Royal Bank of Canada
Banco do Brasil
Citigroup
Chase
Itaú
2.1
1.8
1.5
1.2
1.0
1.0
0.9
0.8
0.7
0.6
Internet Banking
in Sep 2000 (from: Cluster)
Internet in Brazil: so far, so good! (cont.)
Electronic Voting
5.559 cities
310.587 voting booths
92.230.241 voters
90% counted/totalled in 24h
Income Declaration
11.1 million declarations through electronic means
90,2% of total declarations
Internet in Brazil: so far, so good! (cont.)
US$ Billions
Source: IDC/Gartner Group/Others
2003*
Business to Business US$ 1.9 Billions
Business to Consumer US$ 760 Millions
Business to Consumer
Business to Business
1997
1998 1999 Jun 00 2000 2001* 0,0
0,5
1,0
1,5
2,0
2,5
US$ 90 Millions
US$ 2 .7 Billions 3,0
US$400Millions
US$700 Millions
US$940 Milions
Internet Brazil: E-Commerce Projections
Internet in Brazil: so far, so good! (cont.)
Still a long way to go
* In case of Chile, class D includes E Source: Booz-Allen & Hamilton
50/60 million people
Chile*ArgentinaMéxicoBrasil
0,20,51,64,2
1,34,412,831,9
6,511,718,944,0
6,520,463,187,9
14,53797168total
Sharp increase in the number of individual users of
Internet
Sharp increase in the number of companies
connected to Internet
Useful/Interesting applications and services on the
Internet
Innovation based on ICT in all activities
(Government, Business, Society)
Challenges for the Future
Information Society Program (MCT)
Internet Society Committee (MCT)
Electronic Government Task Force (PR)
E-Commerce Ministerial Task Force (MDIC)
PKI/Brazil (PR)
FUST (MinCom)
Secretariat for Informatics Policy (MCT)
Policies and Mechanisms
All federal agencies and services on the Internet (integrated plan in 2001)
One-number call center for all services of Federal Government (2001)
Complete directory of services & personnel in Federal Government (2001)
Multi-purpose backbone for federal services (2001)
10.000+ terminals for access to public services (2002)
15.000+ public schools connected to Internet (2002)
Some Activities and Goals
Some Activities and Goals (cont.)
4.000+ public libraries connected to Internet (2002)
4.000+ NGOs connected to Internet (2003)
4.300+ cities in National Health Information Network (2002)
NGI (IPv6) Internet for R&D in major capitals of country (2001)
eContents for Education & Culture (2002)
International Cooperation
Major Intergovernmental Initiatives
Other Multilateral Initiatives
On the Role of Intergovernmental Initiatives
Brazil and International Cooperation
Major Intergovernmental InitiativesRelated to Digital Inclusion
Digital Opportunity Task Force was launched in 2000
at G-8 Okinawa Summit
Report entitled “Digital Opportunities for All”
delivered to G-8 leaders at Genoa Summit in June
2001 Report proposed nine Action Points
Follow-up Meeting in Canada (Oct 8-10)
G-8 DOT Force
G-8 DOT Force Action Points
Major Intergovernmental Initiatives (cont.)
(From “Digital Opportunities for All”)
1. Help establish and support National eStrategies
2. Improve Conectivity, Increase Access and Lower Costs
3. Enhance Human Capacity Development, Knowledge
Creation and Sharing
4. Foster Entrepreneurship for Sustainable Economic
Development
Major Intergovernmental Initiatives (cont.)
5. Support Universal Participation in Addressing New
International Policy and Technical Issues raised by
Internet and ICT
6. Establish and Support Dedicated Initiatives for ICT Inclusion of Least Developed Countries
7. Promote ICT for Health Care and against HIV/AIDS and other infectious diseases
8. Promote National and International Efforts to Support Local Contents and Applications Creation
9. Prioritize ICT in G-8 and other Development Assistance Policies and Programmes and Enhance Coordination of Multilateral Initiatives
UN ICT Task Force
Major Intergovernmental Initiatives (cont.)
ICT Task Force was proposed to UN Secretary
General by Working Group in 2000, at end of
consultation process started in 1999
Plan of Action extends Nine Action Points of G-8
DOT Force Report
Launching Meeting had been planned for
September 13/14 in NY
UIT
UNDP
WHO
OECD
WB
World Summit on Information Society
Coalition against HIV/AIDS
World Health Internet
Global Biodiversity Information
Development Gateway
InfoDev Program
etc.
Other Multilateral Initiatives
Current Situation
Other Multilateral Initiatives (cont.)
Initiatives exist today to cover practically all needs
Developing countries have had very limited
participation in the Global Discussion process
Integration and/or Articulation of Initiatives very
limited so far
Typical roles of Major Stakeholders not clearly
defined
On the Role of Intergovernmental Initiatives
Global
Regional
National
Levels of Action
Levels & Roles
On the Role of Intergovernmental Initiatives (cont.)
Global
Policy Making
Thematic Portals
Arbitration of Conflicts
Regional
Capacity Building
Integration Projects
(eg. in Infrastructure, Services, etc.)
NationalLegal Framework
Applications & Services
Physical Infrastructure
Active Interaction
among
Governmental Initiatives
at
All Levels
is
CriticalIntergov.
ORGS
NationalGovernments
National Initiatives
On the Role of Intergovernmental Initiatives (cont.)
Brazil and International Cooperation
UN ICT Task Force
G-8 DOT Force
Development Gateway (WB)
Global Society Dialogue (EC)
Coalition against HIV/AIDS (UNDP)
Information for All (UNESCO)
Active Participation in International Initiatives
Brazil and International Cooperation (cont.)
Bilateral Agreements for:
Assistance in Conception of National Plans of
“ICT for Development”
S&C Cooperation
Joint Infrastructural Services (eg, Research
Networks)
Final Remarks
ICT for Development
Challenges for Cooperation
Final Remarks (cont.)
“Digital Divide” is nickname for “ICT for Development”
Very complex issue, demanding in each country:
thorough plan of action,
close interaction among government, private
sector & society,
urgent but long-lasting efforts.
ICT for Development
Final Remarks (cont.)
Challenges for Cooperation
Cooperation among countries is needed to address:
Regulatory Issues,
Capacity Building,
Integration of infrastructures and services,
Knowledge and Information Sharing.
