table potato in research & kitchen 28.4.2014 gif-seminar anna sipilä potato research institute
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Table potato in research & kitchen
28.4.2014 GIF-seminarAnna SipiläPotato Research Institute
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• Private research unit, founded in 1982• Location Seinäjoki Ylistaro since 2011• Supported by Finnish potato industry and farmers• Main focus on field testing: to provide research information to potato producers
and companies
Other actors in Finnish potato research:• MTT Agrifood Research Finland• Operating under the Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry• Field, laboratory & food research • Both basic and applied research
• Universities:• Helsinki University: Faculty of Agriculture and Forestry• Oulu University• Turku University
Potato Research Institute - Perunantutkimuslaitos - Petla
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Potato production in Finland
• 22 000 ha (2013)• 53 % table potato• 14 % food processing• 27 % starch potato (potato flour: food + non food use)• 5 % sertified seed potato
• 600 million kg• Main production areas in Western Finland
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• ¾ water• Main component starch: ¾ of
dry matter• Fiber, proteins• Vitamin C + other antioxidants• Anthocyanins
Potato tuber
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Quality parametres of table potato
External quality
• Good skin, appearance• No harmful defects
• Symptoms of plant diseases• Mechanigal damages• Light induced greening or
physiological defects caused by growth conditions
Use quality – cooking quality
• Appearance cooked / fryed• Taste• Texture• Vulnerability to darkening
• Raw, peeled• Cooked• Fried
• Cultivar• Growth conditions and cultivation practises
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Cooking quality of table potato (Petla)
• Firmness (Eheys)• Hardness (Leikkauskovuus)• Adhesiveness (Tarttuvuus)• Dryness (Kuivuus)• Colour (Väri)• Colour uniformity (Värin tasaisuus)• Sweetness (Makeus)• Flavour (Maku ja haju)• Darkening
• Enzymatic browning (raw) (raakatummuminen)• After cooking darkening
(keittotummuminen)
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Potato cultivars
• Dozens of cultivars• New cultivars every year • Significant cultivars 20-30• Most common table & food industry cultivars 2013:• Melody, Nicola, Asterix, Timo, Van Gogh
• Different cultivars to different purposes • Some of cultivars can be used many ways
So, which cultivar to choose? Potato colour code
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Table potato classification
• Three cooking type according to firmness / mealiness of potato
Firm - Kiinteä Low starch content
Salads, boiling, soups
General - Yleisperuna
Medium starch content
Casseroles, boiling (with skin), mashed / baked potatoes
Mealy - Jauhoinen
High starch content
Mashed potatoes, baked potatoes
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Cooking quality of cultivar is not always the same!• Growth conditions, fertilization, weather and harvesting
time affect
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Special varieties
Puikula• Taste best when grown in north
(long daylength)• ”Lapin Puikula”• Very mealy, breaks down when
boiled -> steam or mash
Blue congo• Violet flesh, blue when cooked• anthosyanins
• Mealy• Best as mashed potato or
wedges, also baked.
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