table of contents - uap · 2015-03-20 · 4 soils that differ in soil type, appearance, crop growth...

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TABLE OF CONTENTS

Plant Nutrition

Foreword . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2

Introduction to Plant Nutrition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2

Soil Sampling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3

NutriScription®

What is NutriScription . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18

Product Focus

ACA Plus® . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30

Awaken® . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32

Black Label® Zn . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34

Borosol® 10 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36

Green with Envy® . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38

Jolt® . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39

K-Fight® . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .40

Nortrace® Micronutrients . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42

N-Pact® . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44

Quick ™ Ultra with Awaken® . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46

Re-Nforce™ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48

RiseR® . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50

Product and Conversion Charts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52

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FOREWORD

UAP Canada and Loveland Products Inc. welcomes you to the ABC’s of

Plant Nutrition. Our goal with this book, combined with the CD, is to give

the reader a basic understanding of plant fertility as well as the products

that LPI has to offer for the soil applied, foliar applied, and seed applied

markets. The book also contains a section detailing our NutriScription

software program that takes soil and tissue sample data and creates

agronomically correct and field specific fertilizer recommendations. So

let’s begin with a brief overview of how nutrients react in the soil.

INTRODUCTION TO PLANT NUTRITIONOne of the major factors affecting crop production and overall plant

conditions is its nutritional status. Today, growers can control this factor

through the use of soil and tissue sampling in an effort to manage the

overall fertility level of the crop, but these management tools are often

underutilized. For example, in Canada, it is estimated that less than 15%

of the cropland is soil-tested each year. There are 17 essential nutrients

required for plant growth, and unless deficiencies become so severe that

visual symptoms appear, many plants lack the necessary nutrients to

maximize yield production. An insufficient supply of a single essential

nutrient can have a detrimental effect on plant growth and ultimately crop

yields.

The usefulness of soil testing in determining nutrient needs can be

greatly improved by combining it with tissue analysis whenever possible.

A tissue analysis can supply information about the nutrients taken up by

the plant and at times can be a better indicator of nutrient availability than

a soil test. Tissue analysis is used to: 1) verify plant deficiency or toxicity

symptoms; 2) determine the adequacy of a fertility management program;

and 3) provide a basis for foliar nutrient applications.

Foliar feeding has become widely used and accepted as an essential part

of crop production, especially as it relates to micronutrients. Quantities

needed are small for most crops and can be applied to the foliage for

greater uptake and utilization. Micronutrient deficiencies are relatively

common due to the fact that all micronutrients, except molybdenum,

become less available as soil pH increases.

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SOIL SAMPLINGChemical analysis of soils or soil testing, is a means to determine thenutrient supplying power of the soil.

The sample should be a true representation of the area sampled, as thelaboratory results will reflect only the nutrient status of the sample whichis received.

To obtain such a sample, the following items should be taken intoconsideration.

SAMPLING TOOLSSeveral different tools, such as an auger, soil sampling tube, or spade

may be used. Sample tubes or augers should be either of stainless steel

or be chrome plated.

If using a pail to collect the soil, it should be plastic to avoid contamination

from trace elements ( i.e., zinc ).

SAMPLE PREPARATIONMix the various cores or slices together in a clean plastic container and

take subsamples to be put into the sample bag. A subsample should be

.24 litres or (1-1 ½ cups) of soil, which is taken from a well-mixed

composite from 10 to 20 random locations in the field. It is advisable to

air-dry extremely wet samples before they are bagged. Identify the

sample bags with name, sample number, and field number which

correspond with identification on the appropriate sample information

sheet.

SAMPLE AREAArea to be sampled generally should not be more than sixteen hectaresor forty acres. Smaller areas may be sampled when the soil is not uniformthroughout the field.

Figure 4. Tools for soil sampling.

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Soils that differ in soil type, appearance, crop growth or past treatmentshould be sampled separately provided the area can be treated in thatmanner. Avoid small areas that are dead furrows, end rows, and whichare poorly drained. Stay away from barns, roads, lanes and fence rows.

SAMPLING DEPTHThe required depth of sampling is influenced by many factors which arediscussed in this section.

1. SamplingThe samples should be taken to a depth of 15 cm (6 in), regardless ofthe tillage system.

2. CropIn general, samples are taken at depth where the main root system exists.

a. Established lawns and turfsSample depth of 7-10 cm (3-4 in), which is the actual rooting depth. The sample should not include roots and accumulated organic material from the surface.

b. OrchardsThe greatest root activity occurs at a depth of 20-30 cm (8-12 in).The sampling depth in orchard soils, therefore, should be up to 30-35 cm (12 to 14 in), taken at the edge of the dripline. Take one core sample from each 15 to 16 trees selected at random in the orchard. Mix the cores to obtain a composite sample which should be from an area no larger than 8 Ha (20 ac).

c. Flower BedsOne sample per 9 sq. meters (100 sq. ft.) consisting of a compositeof three cores taken up to 15 cm (6 in) depth.

d. Vegetable GardenSample up to 15 cm (6 in) depth at various locations and preparea composite sample.

e. Shrubs and Small TreesTake samples at the edge of the limb spread to a depth of 20-25 cm (8 -10 in).

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3. Sampling for NematodesDuring the summer months is the best time to sample for most nematodes, as the crop growth can indicate the presense of nematodes by having stunted appearance. Take the samples, one pereach 2 Ha (5 ac), to a depth of 8 inches in the row from 20-25 locations. Mix the samples, as soon as possible and put a composite sample of one to two pints into a soil bag. Do not let the soil dry out or get hot. The best method for nematode identification sampling is by taking root tips and feeder root samples. Remember that nematodes can be present in large numbers without any visual symptoms showing on the plant roots.

4. Sampling can be either Preplant or at Pre-Sidedressa. Sampling at a 30 cm (1 ft) depth.b. Collect at least 1 core per every 1-2 ha (2-5 ac).c. Pay attention to field slopes, sample low ground separate from

high ground.d. Represent no more than 6-8 ha (15-20 ac) per sample.e. Package in normal soil boxes and submit as soon as possible to a

Certified Lab.f. Allow 3 days for results and recommendations.

5. Subsoil SamplingSubsurface or subsoil sampling is frequently of value, and samples can be collected to explain unexpected crop growth patterns resultingfrom either chemical or physical characteristics of subsoil layers.

Such sampling is also of importance in areas where deep-rooted crops are grown, which obtain the majority of their nutrient requirements at such depths.

To estimate the available soil nitrogen for crop use, the determinationof nitrate-nitrogen levels in the soil profile is made.

Separate samples from plow depth and subsurface can be taken if sodium or salinity problems are anticipated.

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TIMING OF TAKING SOIL SAMPLESGenerally, soil tests should be taken on all fields at least once every 2 to4 years, but soils on which vegetables or other high cash crops are grownmay need to be tested annually.

It really does not make much difference whether one is sampling canola,corn, wheat, or soybean fields, the ideal time to sample is right afterharvest. At that time of the year the fields are generally very accessibleand good representative soil samples are easy to obtain. More time isalso available for the evaluation of the soil test data and setting up a goodsoil fertilization program.

Due to the variation in nutrient availability that may be associated withtime of sampling, it is suggested that any given area be sampled aboutthe same time each year.

However, samples taken for diagnostic purposes (fertilization response,poor crop growth, evaluation of soil conditions) are best obtained whilethe problem areas are delineated by crop or other visual differences.

SOIL REACTION (pH)The soil reaction is important as it affects nutrient availability, solubility oftoxic substances like aluminum, the rates of microbial activities andreactions, soil structure and tilth, and pesticide performances.

Soil pH is expressed as a numerical figure and can range from 0 - 14. Avalue of 7.0 is neutral; a value below 7.0 is acid, and above 7.0 is alkaline.

The pH value reflects the relative number of hydrogen ions (H+) in the soilsolution. The more hydrogen ions present, compared to the hydroxyl ions(OH-), the more acidic the solution will be and the lower the pH value. Adecrease in hydrogen ions and increase in hydroxyl ions will result inmore alkaline or basic conditions.

The ratio between hydrogen ions and hydroxyl ions changes tenfold foreach unit change in pH. Therefore, a soil with a pH of 5.0 is ten times asacidic as a soil with a pH of 6.0.

Soils are becoming more acid as a result of the removal of the cationscalcium, magnesium, potassium, and sodium through leaching or bygrowing crops. As the cations are removed from the soil particles, theyare replaced with acid-forming hydrogen and aluminum. Most commonnitrogen fertilizers also contribute to soil acidity, since their reactionsincrease the concentration of hydrogen ions in the soil solution.

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Many agricultural soils are in the pH range 5.5 - 8.0. The growth of cropson these soils are influenced by the favorable effects of near-neutralreaction on nitrification, symbiotic nitrogen fixation and the availability ofplant nutrients. The optimum pH range for most crops is 6.0 - 7.5 and forleguminous and other alkaline preferring crops 6.5 - 8.0. A desirablepH range for organic soils is 5.0 - 5.5.

Hydrogen ions in the soil solution are increased when the salts increase.This results in a more acid condition or lower pH. The salts may be aresult of fertilizer residues, irrigation water, natural conditions, or microbialdecomposition of organic matter.

Infertile, sandy, highly leached soils usually contain very little soluble salts(table 1).

Table 1. Source: LPI Tech Services Agronomist, 2006.

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DESIRABLE SOIL pH RANGESField Crops Range Vegetables Rangeand Forages

Alfalfa 6.5-7.5 Asparagus 6.5-7.5

Barley 6.0-7.0 Beans (Field) 6.0-7.5

Clover (Alsike) 6.0-7.5 Beans (Kidney) 6.0-7.5

Clover (Arrowleaf) 5.5-7.0 Beans (Snap) 6.0-7.5

Clover (Crimson) 5.5-7.0 Beets (Sugar) 5.5-6.5

Clover (Red) 6.0-7.0 Brussels Sprouts 6.0-7.5

Clover (Sweet) 6.5-7.5 Cabbage 6.0-7.5

Clover (White) 6.0-7.0 Cantaloupes 6.0-7.0

Corn 6.0-7.0 Carrot 6.0-7.5

Fescue 6.0-7.5 Cauliflower 6.0-7.0

Grass (Orchard) 6.0-7.0 Celery 5.5-7.0

Grass (Sudan) 5.5-6.5 Collards 5.5-6.5

Lespedeza 6.0-7.0 Corn (Sweet) 5.5-7.5

Millet 5.5-6.5 Cowpeas 5.5-7.0

Milo 5.5-7.0 Cucumbers 5.5-7.0

Oats 5.5-7.5 Eggplant 5.5-6.0

Rye 5.5-6.5 Endive 5.5-7.0

Sorghum 5.5-7.0 Kale 5.5-7.0

Soybeans 6.0-7.5 Lettuce 6.0-7.0

Sunflower 6.0-7.5 Mustard 5.5-6.5

Tobacco 5.5-7.5 Okra 6.0-6.5

Velvet Beans 5.5-6.5 Onions 5.5-7.0

Vetch (Hairy) 5.5-7.0 Parsley 5.5-7.0

Wheat 6.0-7.0 Parsnips 5.5-7.0

Peas 6.0-7.0

Peppers 5.5-7.0

Potatoes (Sweet) 5.5-6.0

Potatoes (White) 5.0-6.0

Pumpkin 5.5-7.5

Radishes 6.0-7.0

Spinach 6.0-7.0

Squash 6.0-7.5

Tomatoes 6.0-7.0

Turnips 5.5-7.0

DESIRABLE SOIL pH RANGES - continuedFruits and Nuts Range

Apples 5.5-7.0

Apricot 6.0-7.0

Blueberries 4.5-6.0

Cherry (Sour) 6.0-7.0

Cherry (Sweet) 6.0-7.5

Grapes 5.5-7.0

Peach 6.0-7.5

Pear 6.0-7.5

Plums 6.0-7.0

Strawberries 5.0-6.5

Watermelon 5.5-6.5

Ornamental Shrubs Range Ornamental Shrubs Rangeand Trees and TreesAbelia 6.0-7.0 Hydrangea (blue flower) 4.5-5.5

Althea (Rose of Sharon) 6.0-7.0 Hydrangea (pink flower) 6.0-7.0

Annual Flowers (various) 5.5-6.5 Juniper 5.0-7.5

Ash (Green) 6.0-7.0 Locust 6.0-7.0

Azalea 4.5-5.5 Magnolia (deciduous) 5.0-6.0

Beech 6.0-7.0 Maple (Silver, Sugar, Red) 6.0-7.0

Birch 5.0-6.0 Mimosa 5.5-6.5

Boxwood 6.0-7.0 Mulberry 6.0-7.0

Camellia 4.5-5.5 Oak (Scarlet or Red) 6.0-7.0

Cedar (Red) 5.0-7.0 Oak (White) 5.5-6.5

Cherry (Flowering) 5.0-7.0 Pine 5.0-6.5

Cottonwood 5.5-7.0 Poplar 6.0-7.0

Crab apple (Flowering) 6.0-7.0 Rhododendron 5.0-6.0

Crape myrtle 5.0-6.0 Roses 5.5-7.0

Cypress (Bald) 5.0-6.5 Spirea 6.0-7.0

Dogwood 5.0-6.5 Spruce (Norway) 5.0-6.5

Elm 6.0-7.0 Sweet Gum 6.0-7.0

Gardenia 5.0-6.0 Viburnum 6.0-7.5

Holly (American) 4.0-6.0 Willow 6.0-7.0

Holly (Japanese) 5.0-6.0 Yew 6.0-7.0

Honeysuckle 6.0-7.0

Table 2. Soil pH Range

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PLANT ANALYSISREASONS FOR USING PLANT ANALYSIS

For growth, development and production plants require a continuous, welladjusted supply of essential mineral nutrients. If any of these nutrients arein limited supply, crop performance decreases and ultimately results innutritional disorders. Shortages of mineral nutrients manifest themselvesin terms of reduced crop yields and/or poor quality of the crop.

Soil testing generally precedes plant testing for routine fertilizer advisorypurposes; however, plant analysis in combination with soil testing is anexcellent way to develop a strong fertility program for crop production. Assoil analysis indicates the relative availability of nutrients in the soil forcrop use, plant analysis provides an indication of which nutrients havebeen or are absorbed by the plants.

Leaves are considered as the focus of physiological activities andchanges in mineral nutrition appear to reflect in the concentrations of leafnutrients.

Motivation for the determination of nutrient concentration in leaves fordiagnostic purposes arises from the assumption that a significantrelationship exists between nutrient supply and levels of elements, andthat increases or decreases in concentrations relate to higher or loweryields, respectively.

SAMPLINGSelective sampling, of course, is the first important step and it isnecessary to standardize plant/leaf/petiole sampling techniques asperfectly as possible. Plant tissue sampling procedures are given in thefollowing Figure 5 and Table 3.

It is important that these instructions are carefully followed, as theinterpretation of the analysis data is based on the time of sampling andplant part which was sampled for analysis.

When nutrient disorders are suspected, sampling may be done at thetime at which they are observed, AND it may be advisable to collectsamples at the same time from healthy plants, which are growing in thesame area. Soil sample analysis data from poor and good areas willgreatly enhance the ultimate reliability of the interpretation andrecommended treatments.

Samples should NOT be taken from plants, which are damaged bydisease, insects, or chemical applications, unless it is the objective of astudy. Dead plants or plant materials also should not be included in thesample. Do not ship leaf samples in sealed plastic bags.

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HANDLING AND PACKAGINGIf possible, fresh tissue should be air-dried before packaging andshipment to prevent decomposition during transit.

Where samples are large, as during the later stages of growth of corn, itis advisable to stack the leaves and cut tip and base off the leaves,leaving the middle 25-30 cm (10-12 in) portions of the leaves for mailingand analysis. This can greatly reduce the shipping volume and costs.

The mailing of soil or dust-covered samples should be avoided. Suchsamples can be cleaned with a damp cloth or paper towel. Do NOT placeroot portions or soil and plant parts together into the same mailer.

Include a sample information sheet, which gives the name and addressof the sender and grower, party to be billed, party which should receivethe analytical data and interpretation, plant species and plant partsampled, stage of growth, visual symptoms when sampled, analysisdesired, and any other information which is of importance.

Select the best and fastest method of sending the package.

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Figure 5. Source: A&L Laboratories, Sampling Guide For Plant Tissue Analysis.

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TISSUE SAMPLING TECHNIQUES FOR SPECIFIC PLANTSCrop When to Where to Plants

sample sample to sample*

FIELD CROPSAlfalfa Early bloom stage Upper 1/3 of plant 12 - 30

Canola Before seed set Recently mature leaf 60 - 70Clover Before bloom Upper 1/3 of plant 30 - 40Corn/Sweetcorn Seedling stage All above-ground portion 15- 20

orBefore tasseling Recently mature leaf 12 - 20

orTasseling to silking Leaf opposite/below ear 12 - 20

Flax Seeding stage All above-ground portion 50 - 60Grasses/ Stage of best quality Upper 4 leaves 30 - 40forage mixesHay, forage, or Before seed head Four uppermost 50 - 60pasture grasses emergence or leaf blades

at the stage of best quality

Small grains Seeding stage All above-ground portion 25 - 40(barley, oats, wheat, rye) Before heading Upper 4 leaves 25 - 40

Soybeans Before/at bloom Recently mature leaf 20 - 30Sugar beets Midseason Recently mature leaf at 25 - 30

center of the whorlSunflowers Before heading Recently mature leaf 20 - 30Tobacco Before bloom Recently mature leaf 10 - 15

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ORNAMENTALS AND FLOWERSCarnations Newly planted 4th - 5th leaf pair from 20 - 30

Established base5th - 6th leaf pair from 20 - 30base

Chrysanthemums Before/at bloom Top leaves on flowering 20 - 30stem

Ornamental trees Current year's growth Recently mature leaf 30 - 70and shrubsPoinsettias Before/at bloom Recently mature leaf 15 - 20Roses At bloom Recently mature 25 - 30

compound leaf on flowering stem

Turf Active growth Leaf blades. Avoid soil 2 cupscontamination

VEGETABLE CROPSAsparagus Maturity Fern from 18-30” up 10 - 30Beans Seeding stage All above-ground portion 20 - 30

orBefore/at bloom Recently mature leaf 20 - 30

Broccoli Before heading Recently mature leaf 12 - 20Brussels sprouts Midseason Recently mature leaf 12 - 20Cabbage and the like Before heading First mature leaves 10 - 20(Head crops) from center of whorlCelery Midseason Outer petiole 12 - 20

of recent mature leafCucumbers Before fruit set Recently mature leaf 12 - 20Head Crops Before heading Recently mature leaf 12 - 20(cabbage, cauliflower) at center of whorlLeaf crops Midseason Recently mature leaf 30 - 50(lettuce, spinach, etc.)Melons Before fruit set Recently mature leaf 12 - 20Peas Before/at bloom Leaves from 3rd node 40 - 60

from topPeppers Midseason Recently mature leaf 25 - 50Potatoes Before/at bloom 3rd-6th leaf from 25 - 30

growing tipRoot/bulb crops Midseason before Recently mature leaf 20 - 30(carrots, beets, root or bulb enlargementonions, etc.)

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VEGETABLE CROPS (continued)Sweetcorn Before tasseling or Entire fully mature leaf 20 - 25

below the whorlAt tasseling Entire leaf at the ear node 20 -25

Tomatoes (field) Mid-bloom 3rd-4th leaf from 15 - 20growing tip

Tomatoes Mid-bloom from 1st to Petiole of leaf below or 15 - 20(trellis or indeterminate) 6th cluster stage opposite to cluster 12 - 20Tomato Before or during fruit set Young plants: leaves 20 - 25(greenhouse) from second and

third clustersOlder plants: leaves from 20 - 25fourth to sixth cluster

FRUIT CROPSApples, pears, Midseason Leaves from current 50 - 100apricots, cherries, (June-July) season's non-fruiting, prunes, plums non-expanding spurs

Blueberries 2-4 weeks before Mid-shoot leaves from 50 - 100harvest current season's shoots

Peaches, nectarines Midseason Basal to mid-shoot 25 - 100(June-July) leaves from current

season's non-fruiting shoots

Grapes Mid-bloom Recently mature 50 - 100petioles or leaves adjacent to basal clusters

Raspberries Midseason Recently mature leaves 30 - 50from laterals of primo canes

Strawberries Midseason Recently mature leaves 25 - 40

*SUBMITTED SAMPLE SHOULD EQUAL .5 LITRES (2 cups) OF MATERIAL, THEREFORE REDUCE COMPOSITE SAMPLE ACCORDINGLY.

Table 3. Source: A&L Laboratories, Sampling Guide For Plant Tissue Analysis.

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DIAGNOSIS OF FIELD PROBLEMSIf fields are checked regularly, there is often time to correct problems ifaction can be taken immediately. The cause could be obvious; however, aguideline could be very helpful in making a diagnosis.

The objective is to use all resources to identify and correct any conditionsrestricting the plant's potential for producing seed, fruit, fiber, and/orforage.

VISUAL PLANT SYMPTOMSCheck each part of the plant thoroughly and record unusual growth,colour, deficiency symptoms, delayed maturity, quality of crop,mechanical damage, and injury by insects. Also examine the root systemfor injury or specific growth patterns.

SOIL CONDITIONSSoil analysis measures only the chemical factors, which influence planthealth. However, the physical make-up of the soil affects water holdingcapacity, water penetration, aeration, and root growth. When the soil'sphysical characteristics are such that plant roots cannot supply plantswith sufficient water and nutrients, or plants suffer from lack of oxygen,the soil has a physical problem.

Such problems could be caused by compaction layering or stratificationof different soil textures or hardpans (natural or man-made).

Crop rotation, reduced tillage practices, change in irrigation practices ordrainage methods and deep tillage can provide a better environment forroot development.

FIELD HISTORYObtain information about the previous crop grown in the field, weed,insect/disease problems, fertilization and liming programs, soil and plantanalysis data, and yield potential of the soil type. Also, know the cropvariety, tillage method, and pesticide and herbicide used.

WEATHER OBSERVATIONSRainfall and temperature have a great influence on nutrient uptake andthey can be indirect contributors to fertility problems.

SOIL AND PLANT ANALYSISThe most effective use of these analyses consists of comparing soil andplant analysis data from good and bad areas.

Source: Agronomy Handbook, Midwest Laboratories, Inc.

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NOTES

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NutriScription® is a complete nutritional prescription service which

takes soil and tissue analysis data and creates agronomically correct

and field specific fertilizer recommendations.

• Creates a user friendly graphic analysis of your

crop or turf and provides specific recommendations

• Captures soil and tissue data

• Single or multiple sample reports

(comparing fields, crops or time)

• Assists in providing a sound nutrient program

What is a “Recommendation”?

A recommendation connects a nutrient range* with a potential product

* Source could be agronomic literature, NS certified labs or universities.

3.01 6.00

1.50 3.00

0.10 1.49

Low End High End Bar Color Recommendations

Optimum

N-Pact at 1-2 gal/ac or discuss options

Nitrogen deficient - discuss options including N-Pact

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Tissue & Soil Sampling Testing Input Results

RecommendationsConsulting

Solution

For more information go to www.uap.ca

PROGRESSIVE REPORTS

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APPROXIMATE POUNDS OF PLANT FOOD NUTRIENT REMOVAL INEASTERN CANADA AND B.C.

POUNDS PER ACREGrains & Oilseeds N* P2O5 K2O Ca Mg S

Grain Corn uptake 170 - 240 75 - 110 130 - 240 25 - 50 18 - 30 13 - 16150 bu/A removal 100 - 150 55 - 66 39 - 44 1 13 10 - 11Soybean uptake 230 - 290 40 - 50 120 - 220 25 - 30 20 - 25 1750 bu/A removal 187 - 200 40 - 44 69 - 70 9 - 11 7 - 9 5Winter Wheat uptake 140 - 160 50 - 55 95 - 150 13 17 - 23 15 - 1975 bu/A removal 85 - 95 40 - 50 26 - 28 2 12 6Barley uptake 90 - 110 35 - 40 75 - 110 17 8 - 13 13 - 1575 bu/A removal 65 - 85 28 - 30 20 - 25 2 4 6Oats uptake 70 - 85 30 - 35 90 - 110 9 10 - 15 1475 bu/A removal 45 - 60 19 14 - 15 2 3 5Winter Rye uptake 80 - 85 30 - 40 50 - 120 13 7 14 - 1550 bu/A removal 55 - 60 15 - 25 17 - 18 3 4 5 - 10Dry Beans uptake30 bu/A removal 75 25 25 2 2 5Canola uptake 130 - 50 60 - 75 100 - 120 -- -- 27 - 2845 bu/A removal 90 - 100 50 - 60 25 - 30 9 - 12 12 - 15 15

Forages - Dry Matter N* P2O5 K2O Ca Mg SCorn silage8 tons/A removal 170 - 240 75 - 110 130 - 240 25 - 50 18 - 30 13 - 16Legume Haylage5 tons/A removal 270 - 360 55 - 80 220 - 350 110 - 180 20 - 35 19 - 20Mixed Haylage5 tons/A removal 230 - 340 50 - 80 220 - 360 95 - 160 15 - 35 15 - 30Grass Haylage4 tons/A removal 130 - 220 40 - 60 160 - 290 40 - 90 10 - 20 -Legume Hay, 1st cut5 tons/A removal 220 - 330 50 - 80 200 - 350 100 - 150 20 - 35 20 - 30Mixed Hay, 1st cut5 tons/A removal 170 - 270 50 - 70 170 - 300 80 - 140 18 - 30 15 - 20Grass Hay, 1st cut4 tons/A removal 100 - 180 35 - 55 110 - 220 40 - 85 10 - 20 10 - 15Hay, 2nd cut+

3 tons/A removal 150 - 220 35 - 50 120 - 190 70 - 100 15 - 25 10 - 15Potato uptake 210 - 230 65 - 75 300 - 440 20 40 1820 tons/A removal 125 - 135 35 - 50 210 - 250 5 10 10 - 12Tomato uptake 220 - 240 85 - 90 440 - 480 30 36 5440 tons/A removal 140 - 160 50 - 70 280 - 290 14 - 24 22 - 24 28Tobacco uptake 85 - 110 15 - 30 160 - 180 16 131 tons/A removal 55 - 75 10 - 15 100 - 120 75 18 14Cabbage uptake 225 - 270 65 - 85 250 - 280 84 35 - 36 65 - 8035 tons/A removal 225 - 270 65 - 85 250 - 280 84 35 - 36 65 - 80cont.

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Table 4. Source: Nutrient Uptake and Removal by Field Crops (Eastern Canada 2001), CFI from

research and agronomic information obtained in Canada, 1998.

APPROXIMATE POUNDS OF PLANT FOOD NUTRIENT REMOVAL INEASTERN CANADA AND B.C.

POUNDS PER ACREForages - Dry Matter N* P2O5 K2O Ca Mg SBroccoli uptake 150 - 180 10 210 - - -5 tons/A removal 20 2 45 - - -Carrot uptake 140 - 150 25 350 - - -25 tons/A removal 80 20 200 - - -Onion uptake 120 - 145 25 - 55 105 - 155 30 12 25 - 5020 tons/A removal 110 - 120 20 - 50 90 - 110 25 - 30 5 - 12 29 - 50Apple uptake 100 50 180 - - 2412 tons/A removal - - - - - -Peaches uptake 50 20 60 - - 1115 tons/A removal - - - - - -Corn, sweet uptake 150 - 190 20 - 60 100 - 180 - 27 156 tons/A removal 55 8 30 - - -Beans, green uptake 170 - 175 16 - 40 100 - 200 - 21 -5 tons/A removal 120 10 55 - - -Grapes uptake 50 20 80 - 9 -6 tons/A removal - - - - - -Peas, green uptake 170 - 260 20 - 60 80 - 170 - 30 152 tons/A removal 100 10 30 - - -Sugar Beets uptake 180 - 210 30 - 70 380 - 410 - 60 30 - 3522 tons/A removal 85 - 95 10 - 40 140 - 180 - 13 -

The ranges in nutrient uptake1 and removal2 values given in this chart are general estimates. *Soybeans, dry beans andforage legumes get most of their nitrogen from the air.

Conversion FactorsTonne (metric)/hectare x 0.446 = ton/acreTon/acre x 2.24 = tonne/hectareTonne x 1.102 = tonTon x 0.9072 = tonneKilogram (kg) x 2.205 = poundPound x 0.454 = kilogram (kg)Hectare x 2.47 = acreKilogram/hectare x 0.891 = pound/acrePound/acre x 1.12 = kilogram/hectareAcre x 0.405 = hectareP x 2.3 = P2O5P2O5 x 0.43 = PK x 1.2 = K2OK2O x 0.83 = K

Approximate Bushel WeightsCrop PoundsWheat, alfalfa, clover, birdsfoot trefoil 60Beans, peas, potatoes 60Rye, corn 56Canola 50Barley 48Timothy seed 45Reed canary grass 44-48Oats 32Bromegrass, Kentucky bluegrass, Orchard grass 14

24

APPROXIMATE POUNDS OF PLANT FOOD NUTRIENT REMOVALIN PRAIRES

POUNDS PER ACREGrains N* P2O5 K2O SSpring Wheat uptake 1 76 - 93 29 - 35 65 - 80 8 - 1040 bu/A (2690 kg/ha) removal 2 54 - 66 21 - 26 16 - 19 4 - 5Winter Wheat uptake 61 - 74 27 - 34 64 - 78 9 - 1150 bu/A (3360 kg/ha) removal 47 - 57 23 - 28 15 - 19 6 - 8Barley uptake 100 - 122 40 - 49 96 - 117 12 - 1480 bu/A (4300 kg/ha) removal 70 - 85 30 - 37 23 - 28 6 - 8Oats uptake 96 - 117 36 - 45 131 - 160 12 - 14100 bu/A (3584 kg/ha) removal 55 - 68 23 - 28 17 - 20 4 - 5Rye uptake 83 - 101 41 - 51 117 - 144 14 - 1755 bu/A (3450 kg/ha) removal 53 - 64 22 - 27 18 - 22 4 - 5Corn uptake 138 - 168 57 - 69 116 - 141 13 - 16100 bu/A (6272 kg/ha) removal 87 - 107 39 - 48 25 - 30 6 - 7

OilseedsCanola uptake 100 - 123 46 - 57 73 - 89 17 - 2135 bu/A (1960 kg/ha) removal 61 - 74 33 - 40 16 - 20 10 - 12Flax uptake 62 - 76 18 - 22 39 - 48 12 - 1524 bu/A (1492 kg/ha) removal 46 - 56 14 - 17 13 - 16 5 - 6Sunflower uptake 67 - 82 23 - 28 33 - 44 8 - 950 bu/A (2240 kg/ha) removal 48 - 59 14 - 18 11 - 13 4 - 5

Pulse Crops*Peas uptake 138 - 168 38 - 46 123 - 150 11 - 1450 bu/A (3360 kg/ha) removal 105 - 129 31 - 38 32 - 39 6 - 7Lentils uptake 82 - 101 22 - 27 69 - 84 8 - 1030 bu/A (2016 kg/ha) removal 55 - 67 17 - 20 29 - 36 4 - 5Fababeans uptake 257 - 314 89 - 108 229 - 280 12 - 1550 bu/A (3808 kg/ha) removal 154 - 188 55 - 67 47 - 57 6 - 8

Other CropsSugarbeets uptake 190 - 232 61 - 75 347 - 424 30 - 3622 tons/A (49.4 tonnes/ha) removal 79 - 97 36 - 45 128 - 157 12 - 14Potatoes uptake 205 - 251 60 - 73 268 - 327 16 - 2020 tons/A (44.8 tonnes/ha) removal 115 - 141 33 - 40 194 - 238 11 - 13

Forages - Dry Matter Alfalfa *5 tons/A (11.2 tonnes/ha) removal 261 - 319 62 - 76 270 - 330 27 - 33Clover *4 tons/A (9 tonnes/ha) removal 194 - 237 50 - 61 181 - 222 10 - 12Grass3 tons/A (6.7 tonnes/ha) removal 92 - 113 27 - 33 117 - 143 11 - 14Barley Silage4.5 tons/A (10 tonnes/ha) removal 130 - 180 46 - 60 114 -132 14 - 21Corn Silage5 tons/A (11.2 tonnes/ha) removal 140 - 172 57 - 70 181 - 222 12 - 14

1 Total nutrient taken up by the crop. 2 Nutrient removed in harvested portion of the crop. * Legumes such aspulse crops, alfalfa, clover, etc. obtain most of their N from the air if root nodule bacteria are actively fixing N.Legumes shold be inoculated prior to seeding.

Table 5. Source: Nutrient Uptake and Removal by Field Crops (Western Canada 2001), CFI from research and agronomic information obtained in Canada, 1998.

25

Approximate Bushel WeightsCrop PoundsFababeans 68Wheat, alfalfa, clover, birdsfoot trefoil 60Beans, peas, lentils, potatoes 60Rye, corn, flax 56Canola, mustard 50Barley, buckwheat 48Timothy seed 45Reed canary grass 44-48Oats 32Sunflower 28Crested wheat grass 20-24Bromegrass, Kentucky bluegrass, Orchard grass 14Slender wheat grass 13

Residue Produced by CropsApproximate

Crop Unit lb residue/unitRye, fababeans bu 110Spring wheat, durum, canola bu 100Mustard, flax, lentils bu 100Winter wheat bu 75Barley bu 80Corn bu 60Oats bu 64Flax bu 80Sunflower lb 1.5Dry beans lb 1.0Sugarbeets, potatoes ton 200

Conversion FactorsTonne (metric)/hectare x 0.446 = ton/acreTon/acre x 2.24 = tonne/hectareTonne x 1.102 = tonTon x 0.9072 = tonneKilogram (kg) x 2.205 = poundPound x 0.454 = kilogram (kg)Hectare x 2.472 = acreKilogram/hectare x 0.891 = pound/acrePound/acre x 1.12 = kilogram/hectareAcre x 0.405 = hectareP x 2.3 = P2O5

P2O5 x 0.43 = PK x 1.2 = K2OK2O x 0.83 = K

26

Functions of Secondary & Micronutrients

ELEMENT FUNCTION IN PLANT FUNCTION IN PLANT

GROWTH HEALTH

SULFUR Component of amino acids Essential in protein formulationAids in chlorophyll synthesis Better quality proteinActivates enzymes Vitamin formationEnhances nodule formation Stimulates seed productionAids in photosynthesis Enhances drought and cold resistance

Decomposition of crop residueImproves milling and baking qualitiesAids disease and pest resistanceRegulates uptake of other nutrients

MAGNESIUM Constituent of chlorophyll Stimulates seed productionAids phosphate uptake Promotes formation of oils and fatsActivates several enzymes Regulates uptake of other nutrientsAids plant respirationActive in photosynthesisCarrier for phosphate and starches

CALCIUM Essential for cell wall formation Enhances fruit and formationEssential for translocation of sugars Regulates uptake and other nutrientsStimulates root and leaf formationNeutralizes organic acids

ZINC Activates enzyme responsible for Regulates growth growth hormone production Hastens maturityEnhances chlorophyll production Aids carbohydrates formationEnhances respiration Stimulates seed productionTransforms carbohydrates Influences protein formation

Promotes water absorption

27

Functions of Secondary & Micronutrients cont.

ELEMENT FUNCTION IN PLANT FUNCTION IN PLANT

GROWTH HEALTH

BORON Essential in cell wall formation Essential for seed productionEssential for translocation of sugars Enhances protein formationand starches Enhances qualityRegulates starch production Aids in terminal bud formationAids in nodule formation Enhances disease resistanceEssential in formation of pollen grains and tubes

MANGANESE Regulates supply of growth hormones Accelerates germinationActs as a catalyst Hastens maturityActivates enzymes Regulates uptake of C, Mg, PAids in photosynthesisAids in respiration

COPPER Aids in chlorophyll synthesis Enhances nitrogen utilizationActs as a catalyst Stimulates protein formationActivates enzymes Functions in root metabolismAids in photosynthesisAids in respiration

IRON Essential for respiration Essential for healthy, vigorous growthAids in chlorophyll synthesis

MOLYBDENUM Enzyme catalyst for reducing Enhances nodule formation and nitrates to ammonia nitrogen fixationConverts inorganic P to organic form Enhances protein formation

Table 5. Source:Traylor Chemical & Supply Co. Inc.

28

The ACA® StoryACA (Agricultural Crop Additive) is a patented product that delivers

positive growth response. It is a multi-purpose fertilizer for the

application on many crops and contains Zinc Ammonium Acetate.

ACA acts as a cation exchange agent, making cations more readily

available for plant use and rapidly translocates to the growing points in

a plant where it boosts auxin production. This user friendly product is

highly soluble in water and is pH neutral so it will not influence

pH-sensitive pesticides.

Some of the benefits are:

• Increases tolerance to environmental stresses

• Improves uptake of soil nutrients and moisture

• Boosts conversion of sunlight in photosynthesis

• Improves yields and test weight and that also improves the

bottom-line

Zinc (Absorbed as Zn2+, Organic Complexes of Zn) is involved in the

enzyme process and plays a role in the production of Auxins (IAA). It is

responsible for the maturity process and is tied strongly to P nutrition

and chlorophyll synthesis.

Some of the patented ACA technology products are:

• ACA Plus®

• Awaken®

• Quick Ultra™ with Awaken®

• RiseR®

29

THE ACA Plus DIFFERENCE

Treated corn, right has thicker stalk, more rootmassand hair roots, better vigor.

ACA PLUS® (7-0-0, 8.5% zinc) is a plant nutrient that contains ACA, a

patented agricultural crop additive, in a super soluble, neutral pH

formulation. When used as a supplement to a regular fertilizer program,

this product may improve vigor, quality, production and stress tolerance

in a broad range of crops.

• Enhanced early plant growth & vigor

• More fibrous & extensive root system

• Increased tolerance to environmental stress

• Higher yields and/or test weights

Evaluation of ACA Plus Treatments and Application

Timing in Corn

134.4

152.3

90

100

110

120

130

140

150

160

111.9

2x2 STANDARD

Yiel

d B

u/a

2x2 STANDARD + ACA PLUS

2x2 STANDARD followed byACA PLUS

V3 (5-6 leaf)2 x 2 is 58 L (15 US Gallon ) of UAN 30%

111.2

UNTREATED

*Always read and follow product label directions and recommendations.

30

Source: Virginia Tech, 2005.

#/Gal. U.S. Gals./tonne10.31 213.77

Standard ProgramCheck on Sugar beets

31

THE ACA Plus DIFFERENCE

ACA Plus Program10-34-0 11.4 L (3 gal.) + ACA Plus .95 L (1 qt.) on Sugar beets

32


Awaken® (16-0-2) is a complex of zinc ammonium acetate with potash

and a balanced micronutrient packaged designed to deliver essential

nutrients to help the crop reach its full yield potential.

• Enhanced early root growth

• Promotes plant health and vigor

• Provides essential nutrients

• Increases the crops ability to overcome stress conditions

Zinc- deficient dry edible beanNote: Stunting caused by zinc deficiency

Courtesy: A.W. Saettler from D.R. Christenson


33

Awaken on Soybeans

45.944.5

40.4

35

40

45

50

Untreated

Yiel

d B

u/a

Awaken1.9 L/ac (2 qt./A)

V3

Awaken1.9 L/ac (2 qt./A)

R3All foliar applications contain LI 700® @ .5 L (1 pt/100 gal.)

Source: LPI Tech Services Agronomist, 2005.

THE Awaken DIFFERENCE

Source: Hespler Farms, Winkler MB, 2008.

34*Always read and follow product label directions and recommendations.

Black Label Zn (6-20-0, 0.77% zinc) is a patented nitrogen and

phosphate formulation with zinc designed to protect phosphate tie-up in

the soil and help reduce nitrogen loss.

• Excellent crop safety

• Highly efficient and readily plant available

• Excellent phosphate availability

• Excellent application flexibility

• Contains zinc

Black Label®®

#/Gal. U.S. Gals./tonne Salt Index11.00 200.36 8.0

Black Label Zn (left) and Untreated (right)

35

In-furrow Starter Forms in Corn

207.6204.7

203.1

200.5

194196198200202204206208210212214

Black Label Zn

7.5 L (2 gals.)

10-34-0 11.4 L

(3 gals.)10-34-0 11.4 L

(3 gals.) +

Avail® .16 L

(5.8 oz)

Untreated

Yiel

d B

u/a

207.2

Black Label Zn

7.5 L (2 gals.)+ 10-34-0

7.5 L (2 gals.)


THE Black Label Zn DIFFERENCE

Frost damage on corn where driver forgot to turn on rig

Black Label Zn @ 7.5 L (2.5 gals)

Borosol® 10 (10% boron) is a patented soluble polyborate liquid for the

prevention and correction of boron deficiencies in crops. The flexibility

of Borosol 10 allows it to be mixed with other liquid fertilizers for foliar

or soil applications.

• Agronomically superior: plants take up the boron more

rapidly & more completely

• Convenient liquid formulation easy to handle, measure,

and apply

• Flexible & compatible-mixes well with most plant growth

regulators, insecticides, and herbicides

• Right pH-Borosol has a pH of 8.0

Boron- deficient grapeNote: Advanced stages with interveinal chlorosis and necrosis

Courtesy: W Gartel


*


600

700

800

900

1000

1100Yi

eld

lb/a

Borosol 101 Pint/A

Untreated

Supplements on Dry Beans

Borosol 102 Pints/A

773

991

871

Source:Kent McKay, NDSU Minot, ND 2007.

Untreated

In the above tissue report from a soybean field, applying

Borosol 10 has influence the overall plant levels, not just NPK,

but also improve the uptake of all nutrients.

Borosol 10

@ .95 L/ac (1 qt/A) +

Glyphosate

V3

37


Nortrace® Green with Envy® (16-8-3 plus micros)

A liquid fertilizer designed to be applied with most post-emergent crop

protection products as a stress reliever for your crop. Improves plant

growth and allows your crop to reach its peak potential especially while

under stress from the effects of weather, pests and herbicide

applications.

• Contains N, P, K and 4 EDTA chelated micronutrients

(Cu, Fe, Mn and Zn)

• A very safe formulation that can be applied to almost any

crop at any growth stage

• Easy to use and mixes with most crop protection

products and liquid fertilizers (consult label before using)


39

Jolt® (6-25-38 plus micros) is a unique product with an improved and

completely water-soluble formulation containing N, P & K in a specific

ratio. It has become known as a great finishing product for crops that

have a high phosphorous-potassium requirement.

• A high analysis phosphorous-potassium formulation

with a low salt index and a full package of

micronutrients (Fe, Mn, Zn, Cu, B and Mo)

• Jolt will stimulate root development, increase nutrient

movement, assist in straw strength and promote

stronger, healthier crops that resist environmental

stresses and disease better.

• Contains no chloride which makes it ideal when being

used on crops that are sensitive to high levels of foliar Cl

41

NOTES


The Nortrace® line of micronutrients is designed to provide the

maximum amount of micronutrients in a very safe form to the plant while

providing excellent nutrient uptake.

Nortrace Zinc 27%: Zinc is a

co-factor to over 100 plant enzymes,

and an enzyme activator. It plays

a key role in plant membrane

stability.

Will help the following: Interveinal chlorosis (mainly ofmonocots), stunted growth, little-leaf rosette of trees, and violet-red points on leaves.

Nortrace Iron 20%: Iron

containing proteins are necessary

for photosynthesis, in electron

transport and chlorophyll formation.

Will help the following: Interveinal chlorosis of young

leaves.

Zinc - deficient grapeCourtesy: W. Gärtel

Zinc - deficient soybeansCourtesy: K. Oaki

Iron - deficient tomatoesCourtesy: J.P. Jones

Iron - deficient strawberries Courtesy: G. May, MP Pritts

43

Nortrace Manganese 22%: Manganese is a key

factor in maximizing photosynthesis. It is also an activator

or co-factor of numerous enzymes.

Will help the following: Interveinal chlorosis with dark

green major veins, chlorotic

spots or lesions, necrosis of

young leaves, gray speck,

and yellow discoloration.

Nortrace Copper 22%: Copper containing proteins

are important for photosynthesis, respiration, disease

resistance, detoxification, and structural integrity.

Will help the following: Wilting, melanism, white

twisted tips, reduced panicle

formation, disrupted

lignification.

Soybean crop depictingmanganese deficiency on

the right side of field.

Tipburn and pigtailing ofbarley plants suffering

from copper deficiency.Courtesy: I. Evans

44

N-Pact® (26-0-0, 33% SRN) is a patented triazone Slow Release Nitrogen

which provides increased nitrogen uptake and translocation, reduced

volatility and excellent crop safety. N-Pact consist of 17.40% urea

nitrogen and 8.60% other water soluble nitrogen (Urea-Triazone Solution).


• Better nitrogen absorption

• Patented triazone nitrogen

- increased nitrogen absorption

- increased translocation

- increased remobilization


TriazoneNitrate Urea

Ammonium

62.218.124.728.5

TRANSLOCATION & REMOBILIZATION

Source %*

*Translocated and remobilized from treated leaf to non-treated leaf tissue, petioles and stems

Source: Widders, Michigan State University, 1999.

TriazoneNitrate Urea

Ammonium

9.607.407.316.75

29-

-2-9

Nitrogen Source

LeafAbsorption(mg of N)

Uptakevs. NO3

(%)

31% more Nitrogen was absorbed from Triazone than from Urea

Source: Widders, Michigan State University, 1999.

#/Gal. U.S. Gals./Tonne10.10 218.31

45

Difference after Appl icat ion between

Urea and N-Pact

N-Pact 26-0-0 Urea

Check

Response to N Applications at

Various Soil N Rates

8090

100110120130140150160170180

87.5

154.4

166

111.8

163.5169.2

0 100 150

Bu/

A

Soil N Units (lbs.)

N-Pact @ 2 gals./A

Source: University of Illinios, 2007.

46

Quick Ultra with Awaken (7-28-4), is a dual source of

micronutrients in the highly available EDTA form. It contains both

ortho and poly phosphates, and is designed to supply vital nutrients

to plants at the time that they are most needed.

• High phosphorous fertilizer

• Dual source micronutrient package

• Non- phytotoxic


Untreated Quick Ultra with Awaken

.95 L (1 quart/A)


Quick Ultrawith

47

Treated 3 days before cold weather with

Quick Ultra with Awaken @ .95 L (1 quart (left))

Untreated in the same field (right).

Source: Roland MB, 2008.

3 Bushels

Quick Ultra with Awaken at 1 L/ac

+ Mg at 0.5 L/ac

Source: T. Adcock Diligence Technologies, 2005.


Re-Nforce™ K (5-0-20-13S) is a unique blend of urea-triazone and

potassium thiosulfate. It is a chlorine free, clear solution containing 5%

nitrogen, 20% potassium, and 13% sulfur in the potassium thiosulfate

form. It may be applied soil sidedress, and/or injected through the

irrigation system. It may also be used in conjunction with other fertilizer

solutions in pre-emergent and post-emergent sprays.

• Most soluble and available from of K

• Flexible

• SRN facilitates uptake and translocation of K and

• SRN helps maintain constant feeding

48

#/Gal. Gals./Ton11.68 188.70

Solubility of fertilizers not only affects the amount that will dissolve in water,

it also affects the availability of the fertilizer to crops. As the soils dry out,

the less soluble the form of K the less available it becomes under drought

conditions. As illustrated above, Re-Nforce K is the most soluble material

used; thus will remain more available than any other form of K, especially

important in drought prone areas.

Solubility of Potash Fertilizersin 100 gallons of cold water*

Kg (lbs. of material0 Kg (lbs. of K2O)

Potassium Nitrate 49-119 (108-263) 21-53(47-117)

Potassium Sulfate 37-41 (83-92) 18.5-20 (41-46)Potassium Chloride 107 (238) 77 (170)

Re-Nforce K 530 (1,170) 106 (234)

*Data summarized from: Solubility in cold water (20°C or 68°F).

Mississippi State Univ. Bulletin b1003-t.htm, 3003.

New Mexico State Univ. Guide A-113m, 1996.

Tessenderlo Kerley, 2007.

49

Re-Nforce K applied to a soybean field

THE Re-Nforce DIFFERENCE


50

RiseR® (7-17-3) contains a micronutrient blend and ACA® technology,

which provides a compliment of nutritional requirements that maximizes

early season crop vigor and increased yield potential.


• Low salt blend that is seed safe

• Premium pop-up fertilizer

• Increase early season plant vigor

• Increases rootmass

RiseR treated corn (left) has thicker, strongerstalk, more root hairs, better brace root angle and root crown strength.

UntreatedTreated

#/Gal. U.S. Gals./tonne Salt Index10.59 208.12 15.30

51

In-furrow Starter Forms in Corn

211

204.7203.1

200.5

194196198200202204206208210212214

RiseR 9.5 L

(2.5 gals.)

10-34-0 11.4 L

(3 gals.)

10-34-0 11.4 L

(3 gals.) +

Avail .16 kg(5.8 oz)

Untreated

Yiel

d B

u/a


Potato Trial

2000

132

134

136

138

140

142

144

146

RiseR Untreated #

7%Advantage

Tota

l lbs

.

Source: UAP Canada Territory Representative, 2000.

52

PRODUCT COMPARISON CHARTLiquid Analysis Lbs./Gal Gals/tonne pH**Material

ACA Plus 7-0-0, 8.5% zinc 10.31 193.98 6.5

Awaken 16-0-2 10.20 196.07 6.5

Black Label Zn 6-20-0, 0.77% zinc 11.00 181.81 6.4-6.6

Borosol 10*** 10% boron 11.18 178.89 8.0

Green with Envy 16-8-3 plus micros 10.00 220.40 7.6

Jolt 6-25-38 plus micros - - 6.5- - 1% solution

K-Fight 0-0-25 12.85 171.50 6.9

N-Pact 26-0-0, 33% srn 10.10 198.01 8.5

Quick Ultra with Awaken 7-28-4 10.39 192.49 6.5

Re-Nforce K 5-0-20 11.68 171.23 9.0 to 12.0

RiseR 7-17-3 10.59 188.85 7.5

Water - 8.33 240.10 -

* California Label** measuring by undiluted stock solution of material.*** Registration Pending

53

Nutrient Utilization per Production Unit

Crops Unit N P2O5 K2O Mg Ca Sbarley bu 1.1canola bu 3corn bu 0.8flax bu 2.7oats bu 0.75rye bu 1.2soybeans bu 4.1sunflowers cwt 3.6wheat by 1.2

alfalfa tonne 62 17 66 6 31 6bluegrass tonne 39 13 39 4 9 4brome grass tonne 44 13 49 4 9 4corn silage tonne 9 4 9 1 1 1cowpeas tonne 68 13 46 8 30 7fescue tonne 44 18 53 5 10 5lespedeza tonne 53 17 50 8 22 7orchard grass tonne 50 15 61 5 9 6red clover tonne 62 14 50 8 22 7sorghum/sudan tonne 44 17 61 7 10 5sweet clover tonne 49 12 49 5 32 9timothy tonne 40 15 60 4 9 4vetch tonne 61 17 50 6 26 6

apples 100 bu 17.5 7.5 32 4 10 4beans, dry bu 2.5 0.8 0.9 0.1 0.08 0.17cabbages tonne 7.2 2.6 8.8 1.1 2.6 2.4cantaloupes tonne 7.5 2.5 12.7 1.3 3.9 1.2celery tonne 5.7 2.4 11.0 0.9 2.9 1.5cucumber tonne 9.9 3.3 16.5 2.2 8.8 1.8grapes tonne 6.1 2.2 11.0 0.4 1.1 1.2lettuce tonne 7.7 2.5 11.0 0.8 3.1 0.9onions tonne 6.6 3.0 5.8 0.7 1.8 2.6peaches 100 bu 16 6.4 20 4 15 3.5pears 100 bu 15 6 24 3.5 12 3

potatoes cwt 0.33 0.15 0.53 0.025 0.025 0.16spinach tonne 11.0 3.3 6.6 1.1 2.6 0.9sweet potatoes 100 bu 25 10 50 5 3 4tomatoes tonne 4.2 1.6 7.7 0.6 0.7 0.8turnip roots tonne 5.0 2.2 8.8 0.7 1.3 0.9turnip tops tonne 9.2 0.9 6.6 0.4 4.6 1.1

sugar beets tonne 2.8 0.5 5.2 0.9 2.9 0.7tobacco flue cwt (100 lb.) 2.8 0.5 5.2 0.9 2.9 0.7tobacco burley cwt (100 lb.)4.3 0.444.7 12.6 0.9

NOZZLE OUTPUTS (20-INCH NOZZLE SPACING*)Ground speed, miles per hour

Output 3 4 5 6 7 85 gal per acre

Gal. per minute .05 .067 .084 .101 .118 .135Ounces per minute 6.4 8.6 10.8 12.9 15.1 17.2

6 gal per acreGal. per minute .06 .081 .101 .121 .141 .162Ounces per minute 7.8 10.3 12.9 15.5 18.1 20.6







* Data also applies if every other outlet is plugged and two nozzles areused per drop, as is often the case in post-emergence herbicideapplication. The table may be used to:

1. Determine gallonage per acre at given ground speed and nozzle output.2. Select proper ground speed when operating at a given nozzle pressure

and output.3. Select new nozzles when range of gal. per acre and ground speed is

known.

54

55

AIRCRAFT CALIBRATIONAcres covered per minute

Swath width in feet30 35 40 45 50 75 100 200 300 500

75 4.5 5.2 6.0 6.7 7.5 11.2 15.0 30.0 45.0 75.080 4.8 5.6 6.4 7.2 8.0 12.0 16.0 32.0 48.0 80.085 5.1 5.9 6.8 7.6 8.5 12.7 17.0 34.0 51.0 85.090 5.4 6.3 7.2 8.1 9.0 13.5 18.0 36.0 54.0 90.095 5.7 6.6 7.6 8.5 9.5 14.2 19.0 38.0 57.0 95.0100 6.0 7.0 8.0 9.0 10.0 15.0 20.0 40.0 60.0 100.0110 6.6 7.7 8.8 9.9 11.0 16.5 22.0 44.0 66.0 110.0120 7.2 8.4 9.6 10.8 12.0 18.0 24.0 48.0 72.0 120.0130 7.8 9.1 10.4 11.7 13.0 19.5 26.0 52.0 78.0 130.0140 8.4 9.8 11.2 12.6 14.0 21.0 28.0 56.0 84.0 140.0150 9.0 10.5 12.0 13.5 15.0 22.5 30.0 60.0 90.0 150.0The rate of application in gallons or pounds per minute is calculated by multiplying the acresper minute by the number of gallons or pounds per acre to be applied. Take for example a 100-mile-per-hour aircraft that has a 50 foot effective swath. The chart indicates that the planehas a coverage of 10.0 acres per minute. If spray is to be applied at a rate of 2 gallons per acre,the unit should be calibrated to dispense 20 gallons per minute (2 X 10 = 20). If 7.5 pounds ofdry material is to be applied per acre, the unit should be calibrated to dispense 75 pounds perminute (10 X 7.5 = 75).

The basic formula for calculating acres per minute is:swath width x 2 x miles per hour

1,000

CONVERSION TABLE1 kilogram (kg) = 1000 grams (g) = 2.2 pounds.1 gram (g) = 1000 milligrams (mg) = .035 ounce1 liter = 1000 milliliters (ml) or cubic centimeters (cc)

= 1.058 quarts1 milliliter or cubic centimeter = .034 fluid ounce1 milliliter or cubic centimeter of water weighs 1 gram1 liter of water weighs 1 kilogram

1 pounds = 453.6 grams1 ounce = 28.35 grams1 pint of water weighs approximately 1 pound1 gallon of water weighs approximately 8.34 pound

1 gallon = 4 quarts = 3.785 liters1 quart = 2 pints = .946 liters1 pint = .473 liters1 fluid ounce = 29.6 milliliters or cubic centimeters

QUICK CONVERSIONSTemperature Length Volume°C °F cm inch liters quarts

100 212 2.5 1 1 1.190 194 5 2 2 2.180 176 10 4 3 3.270 158 20 8 4 4.260 140 30 12 5 5.350 122 40 16 6 6.340 104 50 20 7 7.435 95 60 24 8 8.530 86 70 28 9 9.525 77 80 3220 68 90 3615 59 100 3910 50 200 795 41 feet0 32 300 10-5 23 400 13-10 14 500 16-15 5 1,000 33-20 -4-25 -13-30 -22-40 -40

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QUICK CONVERSIONS — Bushel Weights

Wheat - 60 lbs/bu Corn Grain - 56 lbs/buGrain Sorghum - 56 lbs/bu Sunflower, oil – 27-28 lbs/bu Sunflower, non-oil – 22-24 lbs/bu Edible Beans – 60 lbs/buRye – 56 lbs/bu Oats – 32 lbs/bu Barley - 48 lbs/bu Canola – 50 lbs/bu Cotton Seed – 32 lbs/bu Millet – 50 lbs/bu

MISCELLANEOUS CALCULATIONSDegrees Centigrade (°C) = 5/9 x (°F – 32)

Degrees Fahrenheit (°F) = (9/5 x °C) + 32

Lbs/acre = ppm x sample depth (inches) x 0.30

Lbs/acre = ppm x acre inches of water x 0.226

SOIL SAMPLING DEPTHS0-24 inches = Profile N, S and Cl (or depth of soil if less than 24 inches)0-6 inches = Soil P, K, Zn, Organic Matter and other nutrients (with tillage,

no-till and pasture)0-6 inches = Soil pH (with tillage)0-3 inches = Soil pH (no-till systems and pasture)

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NOTES

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NOTES

Copyright @ 2009 by Loveland Products, Inc. All Rights Reserved. ACA Plus, Awaken, Black Label, Borosol, Jolt, N-Pact, RiseRare all registered trademarks of Loveland Products, Inc. Nortrace Green with Envy is manufactured for United Agri ProductsCanada Inc. K-Fight is manufactured for Loveland Products, Inc. NutriScription is a registered trademark of United Agri Products.Quick Boost is a trademark of Traylor Chemical & Supply, used under license by Loveland Products, Inc. Images labeled withcourtesy, Reprinted by permission from Nutrient Deficiencies and Toxicities of Plants CD-Rom, 2000, AmericanPhytopathological Society, St. Paul, MN.

canada_plantnutritition_6545_E200960

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table of contents - uap · 2015-03-20 · 4 soils that differ in soil type, appearance, crop growth...

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