table of contents title: chapter 2 - mapping our world –page #: 17 –date: 9/19/2012

Table of Contents

• Title: Chapter 2 - Mapping our World– Page #: 17– Date: 9/19/2012

Objectective

• Students will be able to locate lines of latitude on a map.

• Students will be able to explain how lines of latitude are derived.

• Students will be able to convert degrees, minutes and seconds into kilometers.

Words of the Day

• Angle - A measure of rotation expressed in degrees, minutes and seconds.

• Degree (º)- A measure of rotation. There are 360º in a circle.

• Minute (’) - One sixtieth of a degree.• Second (”) - One sixtieth of a minute.

Chapter 2 - Mapping Our World2.1 Latitude and Longitude

**Lines of Latitude and Longitude are used to locate places on Earth.**

Latitude•Map - A flat model of the earth.

•Cartography - Science of making maps.Cartographers use a grid of parallel lines to locate exact point on Earth (coordinates.)


• Equator - Horizontal line that separates the earth in half. •Latitude - Lines that are parallel to the equator. (“Flatitude”)

•Measures distance in degrees away from the equator which is at 0º Latitude.•North Pole = 90º North Latitude (above the equator.)•South Pole = 90º South Latitude (below the equator.)


Northern Hemisphere

Southern Hemisphere

Equator (0º Latitude)

90º South Latitude

90º North Latitude


Where do degrees of Latitude come from?•Earth is a sphere. The equator is the X-axis.

•Put sphere on an axis and measure the angle in degrees away from the origin O.

O

45º North Latitude

45º South Latitude

- 45º angle

+ 45º angle


• Degrees are divided into smaller units called “minutes.” ( ’ ) Minutes are divided into smaller units called “seconds.” ( ” )

•Earth’s circumference = 40,000km.•1 Degree = 40,000km / 360º = 111km.•1 Minute = 1 degree / 60 = 111km / 60 = 1.85km.•1 Second = 1 minute / 60 = 1.85km / 60 = 0.031km.

Classwork

• Read Daring Travelers complete questions.

Word of the Day

• Nautical Mile: One minute of arc length of latitude or longitude at the equator, or 1852m.


**Lines of Latitude and Longitude are used to locate places on Earth.**

Longitude - The distance east or west of the Prime Meridian: The prime meridian = 0º Longitude. It is a vertical line that runs through the Royal Naval Observatory in Greenwich, England.

Longitude

•Lines of Longitude are not parallel.

•They are semicircles from the North Pole to the South Pole.

•Degrees Longitude are measured East and West of the Prime Meridian.

Degrees of Longitude

•Degrees are measurements of distances between lines of longitude.•Distance change based on corresponding Latitude.

•1 Degree longitude at equator = 111km. •1 Degree longitude at poles = 0km

•Longitude is also divided into Minutes ( ’ ) and Seconds ( ” ).

Coordinates:

•To locate an exact location you need both degrees Latitude and degrees Longitude.

•A coordinate set: (Latitude, Longitude)

•In the picture, Charlotte is located at (35º14’N,80º50’W)

QuickTime™ and aTIFF (Uncompressed) decompressor

are needed to see this picture.

Time Zones:

•Objective: Students will be able to add and subtract time.•Students will be able to convert local time to Greenwich Mean Time.

Time Zones:

•Because there are 24 hours in a day, there are 24 time zones. •Each time zone is 15º Longitude wide.•In the U.S. we have 6 time zones.



•The International Date Line is the transition line for calendar days. •It is 180º opposite of the Prime Meridian.•If you cross it going west, you advance a day. •If you cross it going east, you go back a day.



table of contents title: chapter 2 - mapping our world –page #: 17 –date: 9/19/2012

Documents