table of contents - dymatinc.com · the ul 1709 standard time-temperature curve was followed in...

A1-006413.2 i

Table of Contents

List of Figures ......................................................................................................................................................... II

List of Figures – Appendix A .................................................................................................................................. III

List of Tables ......................................................................................................................................................... IV

Executive Summary ............................................................................................................................................... V

1. Introduction .................................................................................................................................................... 1

2. Project Objective ............................................................................................................................................ 1

3. Test Methodology ........................................................................................................................................... 1

4. Description Of Test Specimens ........................................................................................................................ 2

5. Specimens Installation .................................................................................................................................... 4

6. Steel Cable Temperature Measurements ........................................................................................................ 7

7. Performance Criteria ....................................................................................................................................... 7

8. Temperature Measurement Results ................................................................................................................ 8

9. Summary Of Results ........................................................................................................................................ 8

10. Acknowledgments ........................................................................................................................................ 17

11. References .................................................................................................................................................... 17

Appendix A .......................................................................................................................................................... 18

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List of Figures

1. Figure 1 Time-temperature curve UL 1709

2. Figure 2 NRC floor furnace facilities

3. Figure 3 Specimen No. 8 with white high density polyethylene tube

4. Figure 4 Test specimen top ends

5. Figure 5 Test specimens inside the furnace

6. Figure 6 Protection of test specimen bottom ends

7. Figure 7 Bottom ends clearance of 76mm for thermal expansion

8. Figure 8 Clamp mechanisms for steel strand and protection materials

9. Figure 9 Unprotected Steel cable temperature measurements – Specimen No. 1

10. Figure 10 Steel cable temperature measurements - Specimen No. 2







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List of Figures – Appendix A

1. Figure A1 DYMAT SiliCar fire protection system test program DRC#103

2. Figure A2 Cross section Specimen No. 1 (ID#DYMAT® SiliCar 1-3L-1RS)





7. Figure A7 Cross section Specimen No. 6 (ID#DYMAT® SiliCar 6-4L-H2-2RS)

8. Figure A8 Cross section Specimen No. 7 (ID#DYMAT® SiliCar 7-3L-6-ID-2RS)

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List of Tables

1. Table 1 Steel strands properties (ASTM A416) 2. Table 2 Summary of test results

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Fire Resistance Test on Protected and

Unprotected Steel Cables

Mohamed A. Sultan

Executive Summary

In response to a request from Dymat® Construction Products Inc., NRC Construction carried out a fire resistance test on 8 steel cables (7 protected with Dymat® insulation materials and one unprotected as a reference cable) to assess the performance of Dymat® cable protection materials based on the UL 1709 time-temperature curve and temperature criteria1. The followings remarks can be drawn:

1. The protected steel cable Specimens No. 1 to 4 and 6 reached the UL 1709 temperature criteria between 64 min 42 s and 85 min 25 s.

2. The protected steel cable Specimen No. 5 reached the UL 1709 temperature criteria in 51 min 67 s.

3. The protected steel cable Specimen No. 7 reached the UL 1709 temperature criteria in 226 min 42 s.

4. The unprotected steel cable Specimen No. 8 reached the UL 1709 temperature criteria in 3 min 8 s.

The temperature distributions for all test specimens conducted (presented in Figs. 9 through 15) have been included in this report to provide the row data for the assessment of the same Dymat® protection systems under temperature criteria requirements other than UL 1709 standard.

1 “the transmission of heat through the protection material, during the period of fire exposure, should not raise the average temperature at all thermocouple set locations above 538°C (1000°F) and no thermocouple should read temperatures above 649°C (1200°F)”

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1. Introduction

Dymat® Construction Products Inc. (client) have requested from the National Research Council Canada (NRC) to conduct one fire resistance test using the NRC floor furnace on 8 steel cable specimens (7 protected and one unprotected) using the time-temperature curve of UL 1709 standard test method (Rapid Rise Fire Tests of Protection Materials for Structural Steel) [1]. The intent of the client with this project is to provide independent fire testing results of their own specific protection products exposed to a controlled heat environment as per UL 1709 standard time-temperature curve. 2. Project Objective

To determine the fire resistance of 8 steel cables (7 protected with Dymat® fire protection and one without fire protection materials) using the time-temperature curve of the UL 1709 standard.

3. Test Methodology

The UL 1709 standard test method is used to assess the fire resistance performance, in minutes, for non-load bearing protected steel column structures exposed to a rapid time-temperature curve as shown in Fig. 1. The intent of the UL 1709 test standard is to evaluate the thermal resistance of protective material applied to steel structures to a rapid temperature fire exposure in a furnace environment with an average temperature of 1093°C ± 56°C within 5 minutes from the start of the test.

Figure1. Time-temperature curve UL 1709.

3.1. Test Furnace In this project, the NRC floor furnace was used to conduct the tests allowing all cables to be examined in one test, thereby reducing overall project costs. The NRC floor test furnace is shown in Fig. 2. At the top of the furnace there is a loading system which was removed prior to test as it was done under no load conditions.

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Figure 2. NRC floor furnace facilities.

3.2. Furnace Control The UL 1709 standard time-temperature curve was followed in this project. The furnace temperature was controlled by 9 bare thermocouples and the average of the nine thermocouples was used to control the furnace temperature within the acceptable range of temperature required by the UL 1709 standard. The locations of the nine furnace thermocouples are: four thermocouples at the furnace’s four corners (one on each corner); one at the centre of the furnace and one at the centre of each quarter of the furnace. The nine thermocouples are located 300 mm away from the furnace top lid. 4. Description of Test Specimens

Seven 2.67 m long wrap-insulation test specimens were prepared by Dymat® and delivered to NRC in September 2015. The NRC staff instrumented the steel strands with four sets of thermocouples and inserted the instrumented strands inside the wrap-insulation specimens provided by Dymat®. Each set included three thermocouples. The locations of the thermocouples are provided in the steel cable temperature measurement section below. The steel strands measured 19.05 mm and 16.48 mm in diameter with and without rubber sheathing, respectively. The number of steel strands in each specimen is given in Table 1. 4.1. Test specimens Description of wrap-insulation specimens from the outside to inside as per Dymat® provided drawings are as follows:

• Specimen No. 1 includes: one layer of DMAT RS, 3 layers of DYMAT Dyma Therm, one layer of DYMAT RS, thin steel tube OD = 54 mm (2.125 in) and 5 steel strands.

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• Specimen No. 2 includes: 2 layers of DMAT RS, 3 layers of DYMAT Dyma Therm, one layer of DYMAT RS, thin steel tube OD = 54 mm (2.125 in) and 5 steel strands.

• Specimen No. 3 includes: 1 layer of DMAT RS, 4 layers of DYMAT Dyma Therm, one

layer of DYMAT RS, thin steel tube OD = 54 mm (2.125 in) and 5 steel strands.

• Specimen No. 4 includes: 2 layers of DMAT RS, 5 layers of DYMAT Dyma Therm, one layer of DYMAT RS, HDPE tube, thin steel tube OD = 54 mm (2.125 in) and 5 steel strands.

• Specimen No. 5 includes: 1 layer of DMAT RS, 2 layers of DYMAT Dyma Therm, 2 layers

of DYMAT RS and 7 steel strands.

• Specimen No. 6 includes: 2 layers of DMAT RS, 4 layers of DYMAT Dyma Therm, 1 layer of DYMAT RS, steel cable wrap cover and 7 steel strands.

• Specimen No. 7 includes: 2 layers of DMAT RS, 3 layers of DYMAT Dyma Therm, 1 layer

of DYMAT RS, steel cable wrap cover and 49 steel strands.

• Specimen No.8 (unprotected) includes 7 steel strands. 4.2. Steel strands The steel strand cables properties provided by Dymat® are given in Table 1.

Table 1. Steel strand properties (ASTM A416).

Nominal diameter 15.75mm (0.62 in) Nominal area 0.231 in2

Nominal mass 0.779 Ib/ft Nominal Ultimate tensile strength 270 ksi Minimum breaking strength 62,370 Ibs Relaxation (1000 hours/70%) 2.5 Max

4.3. Insulation Materials The following material description was provided to NRC by Dymat®. “DYMAT RS is a heavyweight high strength and high temperature resistance cloth. It is reddish orange on one face and white on the other face. The impregnated cloth is resistance to abrasive, tear and puncture. DYMAT DymaTherm is a felt like textured blanket that is made of DYMAT HT long fibers and white in color.” Specimen No. 7 was the only specimen that was covered with about 85% by High Density Polyethylene (HDPE) white tube as shown in Fig. 3.

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Figure 3. Specimen No. 8 with a white high density polyethylene tube. 5. Specimens Installation

Eight test specimens were installed inside the NRC floor furnace vertically under no load conditions as shown in Fig. 4. The exposed length of all cable specimens was 2.4 m ( Fig. 5). The bottom end of the test specimen, inside the test furnace, was protected with ceramic fibre insulation as shown in Fig. 6 to insure that no furnace heat is penetrating the steel cable strands bottom end. The eight steel strands were lifted up 76 mm from the furnace bottom to allow for strand thermal expansion (Fig. 7 shows the unprotected specimen bottom end). The top end of the cable specimens protruded 330 mm above the furnace top lid which was exposed to ambient conditions. The top ends, of the specimens, shown in Fig. 8, were held in place using clamps to prevent the specimens or insulation wrap from dropping inside the furnace during the fire test.

HDPE tube

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Figure 4. Test specimen top ends.

Figure 5. Test specimens inside the furnace.

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Figure 6. Protection of test specimen bottom ends.

Figure 7. Bottom end of test specimens.

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Figure 8. Clamp mechanism for steel strand and protection materials.

6. Steel Cable Temperature Measurements

The temperature of each steel cable specimen was measured by 4 sets of No. 20 gauge Type K chromel-alumel wire thermocouples (3 per set) installed at the outer surface between the strand wires of the steel cable at a 120 degree angle of thermocouples as per UL 1709 standard (total of 96 thermocouples for the 8 cable specimens): one set at 610 mm from the bottom cable end, one set at 610 mm from the top exposed surface of the cable, and the other two intermediate sets equally spaced between the upper and lower sets. 7. Performance Criteria

The performance criteria used in the test is the same as the UL 1709 standard, i.e. “the transmission of heat through the protection material, during the period of fire exposure, should not raise the average temperature at all thermocouple set locations above 538°C (1000°F) and no thermocouple should read temperatures above 649°C (1200°F)”.

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8. Temperature Measurement Results

The average and maximum temperature measurement distributions for each of the eight cable specimens are presented in Figs. 9 to 16. In each of these figures, the UL 1709 time-temperature curve and average measured furnace temperature (Fc-AVG) are also plotted. 9. Summary of Results

The fire resistance test results (min:s) of the protected and unprotected steel cable specimens, based on the temperature performance criteria of UL 1709 standard temperature [average measurement of 538°C (1000°F) or single measurement of 649°C (1200°F)], are given in Table 2.

Table 2. Summary of test results.

Specimen

No

Dymat®

Test Specimen ID

Number of steel strands in each cable

Dymat® Designation

For Insulation

Fire Resistance

Results Per UL 1709

standard (min:s)

Mode of failure

Temperature (Avg2)

or (Max3)

1 1-3L-1RS 5 RS-1/3L-DymaTherm/RS 64:42 Avg 2 2-3L-2RS 5 RS-1/3L-DymaTherm/RS 67:58 Avg 3 3-4L-1RS 5 RS-1/4L-DymaTherm/RS 71:17 Avg 4 4-5L-2RS 5 RS-1/5L-DymaTherm/RS 85:25 Avg 5 5-2L-H1-2RS 7 RS-1/3L-DymaTherm/RS 51:67 Avg 6 6-4L-H2-2RS 7 RS-1/4L-DymaTherm/RS 75:75 Avg 7 7-3L-6ID-2RS 49 RS-1/3L-DymaTherm/RS 226:42 Avg 8 BC (Bare) 7 N/A 3:08 Max

2Average of 12 temperature measurements 3Single temperature measurement

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Figure 9. Unprotected steel cable temperature measurement - Specimen No. 1.

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2015-09-24 Dymat® Cable Test Specimen No. 1

[1-3L-1RS]

Fc-AVG 1-3L-1RS (AVG) 1-3L-1RS (MAX) UL-1709 (Min)

1093°C UL-1709 (Max) 538°C 649°C

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Figure 10. Steel cable temperature measurement - Specimen No. 2.

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1093°C UL-1709 (Max) 538°C 649°C

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2015-09-24 Dymat® Cable Test Specimen No.3

[3-4L-1RS]


1093°C UL-1709 (Max) 538°C 649°C

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2015-09-24 Dymat® Cable Specimen No. 5 [5-2L-H1-2RS]

Fc-AVG 5-2L-H1-2RS (AVG) 5-2L-H1-2RS (MAX)

UL-1709 (Min) 1093°C UL-1709 (Max)

538°C 649°C

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2015-09-24 Dymat® Cable Test Specimen No. 6 [6-4L-H2-2RS]

Fc-AVG 6-4L-H2-2RS (AVG) 6-4L-H2-2RS (MAX)

UL-1709 (Min) 1093°C UL-1709 (Max)

538°C 649°C

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2015-09-24 Dymat Cable Test Specimen No. 7 [7-3L-6ID-2RS]

Fc-AVG 7-3L-6ID-2RS (AVG) 7-3L-6ID-2RS (MAX)

UL-1709 (Min) 1093°C UL-1709 (Max)

538°C 649°C

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2015-09-24 Dymat® Cable Specimen No. 8 [No Insulation]

Fc-AVG Bare (AVG) Bare (MAX) UL-1709 (Min)

1093°C UL-1709 (Max) 538°C 649°C

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10. Acknowledgments

The author is grateful to the NRC Fire Safety unit staff: Patrice Leroux, Robert Berzins, Eric Gibbs, Pier-Simon Lafrance and Karl Gratton for conducting the test. 11. References

1. UL 1709 Standard “Rapid Rise Fire Tests of Protection Materials for Structural Steel”, Underwriters Laboratories Inc., Northbrook Division, 333 Pfingsten Road, Northbrook, IL 60062 USA.

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Appendix A

Cross Section of Protected Steel Cables (Test Specimens No. 1 to No. 7) DYMAT® Construction Products Inc. provided the National Research Council with the following Figures A1 to A8).

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Figure A1. DYMAT® SiliCar fire protection system test program DRC#103.

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Figure A2. Cross section Specimen No. 1 (ID # DYMAT® SiliCar 1-3L-1RS).

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Figure A6. Cross section Specimen No. 5 (ID # DYMAT® SiliCar 5-2L-H1-1RS).

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Figure A7. Cross section Specimen No. 6 (ID # DYMAT® SiliCar 6-4L-H2-2RS).

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Figure A8. Cross section Specimen No. 7 (ID # DYMAT® SiliCar 7-3L-6ID-2RS).

List of FiguresList of Figures – Appendix AList of TablesExecutive Summary1. Introduction2. Project Objective3. Test Methodology3.1. Test Furnace3.2. Furnace Control

4. Description of Test Specimens4.1. Test specimens4.2. Steel strands4.3. Insulation Materials

5. Specimens Installation6. Steel Cable Temperature Measurements7. Performance Criteria8. Temperature Measurement Results9. Summary of Results10. Acknowledgments11. ReferencesAppendix A

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