table of contents table of contents · iii -2 education resource book introduction 2000 whitehorse...

EDUCATION RESOURCE MANUAL

TABLE OF CONTENTS

I

Table of Contents

I Table of Contents

II Letters

2000 Arctic Winter Games Host Society President’s Message ...................... i

Arctic Winter Games International Committee President’s Message .......... iii

Introduction ........................................................................................................1 The 2000 Arctic Winter Games

Education Resource Manual ...........................................................................3

How the Games Began....................................................................................4

Foundation Statements of the 2000

Arctic Winter Games Host Society .................................................................6

Images of the Host Society .............................................................................7

Mascot .............................................................................................................8

Official Song ...................................................................................................9

Host City & Sites ..........................................................................................10

Whitehorse ..............................................................................................10

Haines Junction .......................................................................................13

Arctic Mini-Games Unit ...................................................................................15

Introduction ...................................................................................................17

Point System .................................................................................................18

Alpine Skiing ................................................................................................21

Arctic Sports .................................................................................................23

Badminton .....................................................................................................37

Basketball ......................................................................................................39

Ski & Snowshoe Biathlon .............................................................................45

Cross Country Skiing ....................................................................................47

Curling ..........................................................................................................51

Dene Games ..................................................................................................55

Dog Mushing ................................................................................................63

Figure Skating ...............................................................................................67

Gymnastics ....................................................................................................71

Hockey ..........................................................................................................73

Indoor Soccer ................................................................................................79

Snowboarding ...............................................................................................85

Snowshoeing .................................................................................................87

Speed Skating................................................................................................91

Volleyball ......................................................................................................93

Wrestling .......................................................................................................99

EDUCATION RESOURCE MANUAL

TABLE OF CONTENTS

I-ii

Fair Play, Winning & Losing .........................................................................103 Fair Play Talk ..............................................................................................105

Winning & Losing ......................................................................................106

Instructional Activities ...................................................................................111

Alpine Skiing ..............................................................................................113

Arctic Sports & Dene Games ......................................................................119

Badminton ...................................................................................................129

Basketball ....................................................................................................135

Ski Biathlon ................................................................................................141

Cross Country Skiing ..................................................................................149

Curling ........................................................................................................155

Dog Mushing ..............................................................................................161

Figure Skating .............................................................................................169

Gymnastics ..................................................................................................175

Hockey ........................................................................................................181

Indoor Soccer ..............................................................................................187

Snowboarding .............................................................................................193

Snowshoe Biathlon .....................................................................................199

Snowshoeing ...............................................................................................205

Speed Skating..............................................................................................211

Volleyball ....................................................................................................217

Wrestling .....................................................................................................225

Additional Activities ...................................................................................231

Newspaper Activities ......................................................................................233

EDUCATION RESOURCE BOOK III-1

2000 Whitehorse Arctic Winter Games INTRODUCTION

INTRODUCTION


INTRODUCTION 2000 Whitehorse Arctic Winter Games

How the Games Began

The Arctic Winter Games is an international sporting and cultural event held biennially with participation from

Canada's Yukon, Nunavut, Northwest Territories and Northern Alberta, the American State of Alaska, Greenland

and the guest Russian Provinces of Chukotka and Magadan. The Arctic Winter Games International Committee is

the governing body of the Arctic Winter Games and, as such, is responsible for the policy requirements related to the

event.

The story of the Arctic Winter Games begins in 1967 on the occasion of the Canada Winter Games in Quebec City.

Stuart Hodgson and James Smith, then Commissioners of the Northwest Territories and Yukon, unhappily looked on

while athletes from their jurisdictions were decisively bested in competition. Both men realized that with the

relatively small pool of athletes, and inadequate facilities and training, northern athletes, with few exceptions, would

be unable to complete favourably with their southern counterparts at the national level for many years to come.

Thus, the idea for the Arctic Winter Games was germinated and discussions ensued between the Commissioners and

the then Governor of the State of Alaska, the Honorable Walter Hickel. Governor Hickel enthusiastically embraced

the concept and the Arctic Winter Games Corporation (now Arctic Winter Games International Committee) was

formed in 1968.

The first set of Games was staged in Yellowknife in 1970 and was officially opened by former Prime Minister of

Canada Pierre Elliott Trudeau. Approximately 500 athletes, coaches and officials participated and the Games were a

great success.

One of the main objects of the Games is, and always has been, to involve as many athletes as possible either in the

Games themselves or in team trials and to provide a competitive forum for those other than elite athletes with

opportunities in the south. The Arctic Winter Games Corporation logo, consisting of three interlocking rings,

symbolizes athletic competition, cultural exhibition, and social interchange, which is the philosophy behind the

Games. Although gold, silver and bronze medals are awarded to the athletes, the only trophy awarded is that to the

team which displays the best sportsmanship throughout the Games.

Originally, the three participating units were Northwest Territories, Yukon and Alaska, but Northern Quebec joined

the Games in 1972 when they were held in Whitehorse. At that time, observers from Greenland, the Soviet Union

and Labrador attended the Games to better understand the unique and successful concept. In 1974 the Games were

held in Anchorage and in 1976 in Schefferville, Quebec. Unfortunately, after that time Northern Quebec ended its

participation and, in 1978 when the Games were held in Hay River/Pine Point, only the three original units

participated. Throughout the 80s, the Games have rotated among Yellowknife, Whitehorse, and Fairbanks, Alaska,

and the twentieth anniversary was celebrated during the week of March 11 to 17, 1990, when the Games returned to

Yellowknife for the third time.

The Games in Whitehorse in 1986 marked the initial participation of Northern Alberta, which sent a delegation of 40

athletes. Alberta’s participation was increased for the Fairbanks Games in 1988 and, at the 1990 Games, there were

115 athletes, coaches and mission staff in attendance from north of the 55th parallel of this Canadian Province

The 1990 Games saw other historic developments with the participation of approximately 50 athletes and cultural

performers from Greenland and over 10 cultural performers and sports observers from the Soviet Union. From the

rather modest beginning, the Games evolved and grew to the point where there were in excess of 1200 athletes,

coaches, mission staff and officials in attendance at the Yellowknife Games.

The cost of hosting the Arctic Winter Games had tripled since they began in 1970 but, with the continuing support

of the governments of all participating jurisdictions, host municipalities, and corporate and individual citizens, the

Games remained alive and well and have a future which is extremely bright.

EDUCATION RESOURCE BOOK

III-3


The 1992 Games marked the 4th occasion that Whitehorse and the Yukon hosted this important northern event. For

the first time two Russian Provinces, Magadan and Tyumen, participated in athletic competition. Once again, 1200

participants filled the Klondike streets. In 1994 Alberta became the 2nd Province to host the Arctic Winter Games,

as Slave Lake, a community of only 8000 people charmed the 1400 participants. Alberta’s contingent grew to a full

300 participants. In 1996 the Games returned to Alaska, and the community of Eagle River, a suburb of Anchorage,

hosted the most technically sound Games to date.

In 1998, Yellowknife hosted the Arctic Winter Games and had a budget of 2.5 million dollars. Some 1600, athletes,

coaches and managers took part in the last Games of this Millennium. The Games are alive and well and are

pointing to adding Northern Quebec and a third Russian Province.

The Host Organization

This is the non-profit body usually incorporated as a Society, which is created for the purpose of staging a particular

set of Games. Traditionally it is brought into existence shortly after a community is awarded the Games and is

dissolved within six months of their conclusion. Typically the Host Society will have as many as fifteen directors

and up to two thousand other volunteers as well as salaried employees. It puts on the Games in accordance with the

terms of the contract signed by the Host Community and the Arctic Winter Games International Committee.

The Sport Governing Body

In the Northwest Territories and Yukon, the government-created bodies of Sport North Federation and Sport Yukon

are responsible for conducting Territorial team trials, providing uniforms, appointing mission staff, organizing

aircraft charters, and generally doing all things necessary to send their teams to the Games. In Alaska the Arctic

Winter Games Corporation of Alaska performs this function. In Northern Alberta the individual sport-governing

bodies are responsible for team trials, while the Provincial Government, Department of Parks and Recreation,

attends to all the other organizational matters. The Sport Federations from the Russian provinces of Magadan and

Tyumen organize their participation, while the Home Rule Government in conjunction with their Sports Federation

spear heads the Greenland contingent.



Foundation Statements of the 2000 Whitehorse

Arctic Winter Games Host Society

Mission Statement

The Whitehorse Host Society is committed to staging and managing successful games. The games will showcase

excellence in sport, vitality in the Arts, cultural diversity, social interchange through youth investment, fiscal

responsibility, teamwork, creative and wide spread community support. The event will leave lasting benefits for

participants and legacies for the people of the Yukon

Mandate

The 2000 Whitehorse Arctic Winter Games Host Society is mandated to organize, stage, conduct, finance and

promote the 2000 Arctic Winter Games from March 5 - 11, 2000 in the City of Whitehorse on behalf of the Yukon

Territory, the City of Whitehorse and the Arctic Winter Games International Committee.

Values

Integrity Equity Honesty Teamwork Fiscal Responsibility

Excellence Respect Fairness Creativity Ethics

Philosophy

The 2000 Arctic Winter Games Host Society believes in and strives for:

1) A legacy rich in community spirit, opportunity, sport development and cultural exchange. 2) A positive atmosphere and promotion of excellence in amateur sport, arts and culture. 3) A “Smart Choice” code of conduct for athletes, artists, coaches, guests, officials, staff and volunteers. 4) An environmentally friendly Games. 5) Culture, gender, geographic equity and a bias for involving people of all ages in the Games. 6) Dedicated, competent and committed volunteers who are vital for a successful Games for participants

and spectators alike.

7) Fair play, sound judging and honest competition. 8) Entrepreneurial spirit and fiscal responsibility. 9) Partnerships with the community, governments and stakeholders. 10) Provision of language services for all Games languages in addition to French and English. 11) The best facilities care and comfort possible for athletes, artists, coaches, guests, officials, spectators,

staff and volunteers. 12) Tobacco free sporting and non-sporting venues.


III-5


Images of the Host Society

Logo

The logo is a vertical rectangle shape with an athlete perched on a mountain, reaching towards the sky.

The Northern Lights are depicted in the background. It signifies the participants’ attempts to strive for

excellence at the Games. The Northern Lights and the mountains give it a Yukon flavour

Slogan

The Slogan is “Seize the Spirit”, a call to athletes, artists, coaches, officials, VIPs and spectators

to use the Games as an opportunity to make new friends, see new places, learn new things and

spread the Northern Spirit. It encourages all participants to reach out and grab all they can.

SEIZE THE SPIRIT



Mascot

The mascot is called AWGie; a cold-weather creature bundled

in a fur-trimmed parka wearing snowshoes, skates, skis or

whatever is necessary to get around in the North during

winter. As the official mascot of the 2000 Whitehorse Arctic

Winter Games, AWGie will roam around the Games keeping

visitors warm and spreading the Northern Spirit. AWGie is

the perfect ambassador of the North – the creature, lurking in

all of us, who loves to wander outside on a bright winter day.

The 2000 Arctic Winter Games mascot was created by Jim

Oster.


III-7


Official Song

Seize The Spirit By Bob Johnstone

Verse: When Athletic Competition

Meets with culture and tradition

That’s the Arctic Winter Games

And where a heart of gold embraces

All the different smiling faces

That’s the Arctic Winter Games

So lets light the flames and…

Chorus:

Seize the Spirit

Lift your voice for all to hear it

Seize the Spirit

Your destiny to need to fear it

Seize the Spirit…NOW

Verse: From all around the North so many come

Bringing forth the New Millennium

Head to head but still we’re side by side

On top of the world with pride

Follow your heart, share the glory

Play your part, write your story

‘Cause there is a passion deep inside

That won’t be denied, so…

Chorus:

Bridge: Now is the time, this is your chance

So get in the game, join in the dance…

Chorus:

Chorus:



Host City and Sites Whitehorse, the Host City

POPULATION & LOCATION

Situated on the bank of the Yukon River, it is Canada's most westerly city and has the largest population north of the

60th parallel. The population of Whitehorse is 23,301. Seventy five percent of the population is younger than 44 years

and is multi-ethnic with Canadian, British, First Nations & European origins making up the majority of the population.

HISTORY

The City was established as a trans-shipment point during the Klondike Gold Rush of 1898. It was originally given the

name "White Horse" by the gold miners who thought that the Yukon River rapids at Miles Canyon looked like the

manes of charging white horses. The settlement developed mainly as a result of being located at the transfer point where

prospectors arriving on the White Pass and Yukon Route rail line from Skagway would board river boats to the Klondike

Gold Fields. By 1900, Whitehorse had a population of 2,000.

Until recently, Whitehorse had a history of economic growth and decline cycles. In the early part of this century, the

City had a short-lived copper boom, which ended shortly after World War I when copper prices fell. In 1939, the

Canadian Government built an airport, which was followed in 1942 by the construction of the Alaska Highway.

Construction of the Canol Pipeline and road, and establishment of an oil refinery at Whitehorse further increased the

level of economic activity for a period of time. The boom ceased at the end of World War II with the exodus of military

personnel, but by this time, Whitehorse had become an important communications and transportation centre. In 1953,

Whitehorse replaced Dawson City as the Territory's capital.

The City's natural environment lends itself to walking, cross country skiing and hiking. Whitehorse boasts of an

extensive trail network throughout the city that is accessible in all seasons.

Today, the City is considered the transportation, mining, service, commerce and trade, education, cultural and

recreational centre of the Yukon. As the Territory's capital, it is also the major centre for Federal, Territorial and First

Nation’s governments.

Whitehorse First Nations

Whitehorse is the home of the Kwanlin Dun First Nations who occupies the McIntyre Subdivision and the Ta’an

Kwach’an who reside around Lake Laberge. Their cultural affiliation is Northern and Southern Tutchone. The First

Nations account for about 21% of the Yukon's population and approximately 10% of the Whitehorse population (1991

Census).


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Climate/Topography

Most of Whitehorse is located within the Yukon River Valley, which is approximately seven kilometers wide. The

downtown area is backed by a steep clay escarpment with a plateau like summit. Several mountains, namely Grey

Mountain, Mt Sima, Mt McIntyre and Golden Horn Mountain surround the City. The region is covered by boreal forest

vegetation.

The effects of the coast modify the dry interior climate approximately one hundred kilometers away. The annual

precipitation is relatively low. Whitehorse weather is dry and the southerly winds or Chinooks bring frequent warms

spells and dramatic temperature changes. Visitors in March can expect sunny, cool conditions with more than 9 hours of

daylight each day.

The average weather conditions for March is:

Sunshine Daylight Max Temp Min Temp Snow

161.3 hours 10 ½ - 13 hours/day -1.5 -13.1 16.9mm

Economy and Business

Mining and mineral exploration have been the mainstays of the Yukon economy since the turn of the century. However,

a reliance on world prices and finite resources has led the Territory through boom and bust. Government is the second

most important economic driver in the Yukon accounting for approximately 30% of GDP ($300,000,000). Tourism is

the largest employer in the Yukon. The stability of high government and tourism expenditures and employment levels

have tended to insulate the Whitehorse economy, making the City somewhat recession proof.

Whitehorse is host to five chartered banks and a wide range of professional services including law firms, chartered

accountants, engineering and architectural consulting services, medical, dental and affiliated health industries and

professions. Forty different types of businesses operate in Whitehorse with more than 2,400 business licenses issued

annually.

Tourism is one of the most important elements in the City's economy. The Yukon’s tourism attracts in excess of 260,000

visitors to the Yukon each year. The majority of tourists pass through Whitehorse along the Alaska Highway visiting the

City's tourist attractions.

While the tourist season is primarily from May to October, February is a big month for outside visits to Whitehorse.

During February, Whitehorse hosts the Yukon Quest, Frostbite Music Festival and the Sourdough Rendezvous. The

City and its tourist services gear up for February. Hosting the 2000 Arctic Winter Games in March will compliment the

winter tourism season and expand the opportunities to our tourist service operators.



Transportation

Whitehorse is the supply and transportation centre of the Yukon and northwestern British Columbia and has connections

with Alaska, MacKenzie Delta and the Beaufort Sea. The industries and residents of Whitehorse and the Yukon are well

served by every mode of transportation all year long.

Public bus transportation is provided by Whitehorse Transit. Additional public transportation is available by several taxi,

car lease and car rental companies.

Whitehorse is connected by all weather highways throughout the Yukon, Northwest Territories, Alaska, British

Columbia and the coast. Whitehorse International Airport provides daily scheduled jet service between Whitehorse,

southern cities and Alaska. Air service is available to most Yukon communities, Inuvik, Yellowknife, Juneau and

Fairbanks in Alaska. Helicopter charter service and air service is also available. The airlines serving Whitehorse are:

Air North

Canadian Airlines International

Era Aviation

Whitehorse’s Vibrant Cultural Community

Yukon’s capital city is blessed with a thriving cultural sector. The Yukon Arts Centre, a state of the art facility and

gallery, seats over 420 and showcases local and visiting talent. Its large, attractive lobby is highly suitable for large

gatherings and displays. The Guild Hall, Nakai Theatre, Whitehorse Drama Club, to name but a few, offer live theatre to

appreciative Yukoners throughout the year. They also provide Yukon theatre practitioners with opportunities to better

develop their craft.

Craft fairs, workshops for young and old in mediums such as acting and writing, visual art exhibits at several different

galleries around town, and festivals are some examples of the various cultural happenings in Whitehorse. The arts

community is also rooted in its indigenous forms of expressions, such as storytelling, drumming, woodcarving,

beadwork and weaving.

Whitehorse boasts a multitude of excellent venues, ideal for hosting the 2000 Whitehorse Arctic Winter Games and its

cultural activities. The Yukon College, Arts Centre, various outdoor facilities, parks, community halls, arenas, hotels,

store/mall lobbies, schools will be used to celebrate the north’s rich culture and talent.

The major non-sporting and cultural event

legacy in Whitehorse includes:

February

Yukon Quest

Frostbite Music Festival

Sourdough Rendezvous

May

Yukon Trade Show

June

International Storytelling Festival

Dun Na Kwe Ye (First Nations People

Celebration)

July

Canada Day

Great Yukon River Rubber Duck Race

Waterfront Days

Ton of Gold Fun Festival

August

Sourdough Gold Rush Bathtub Race

Klondike Harvest Fair

The major sporting event legacy in Whitehorse

includes:

February

Western Canadian Cross Country Ski Championships

Yukon Quest

March

International Curling Bonspiel

1972, 1980, 1986, 1992 Arctic Winter Games

FIS World Cup

Canadian Biathlon Championships

Yukon Native Hockey Tournament

June

Chilkat International Haines Jct. to Haines Bike Relay

July

International Dust Ball Tournament

August

Canadian Slo-Pitch National

Championships

September

Klondike Trail International Road Race

EDUCATION RESOURCE BOOK IV-11

Arctic

Mini-Games

Unit


Introduction

This unit was developed to promote an interest in the 2000 Whitehorse Arctic Winter Games. It provides ideas on

organizing a Mini-Games Unit and serves as a resource of sport adaptations. Participation of students in physical activity

is the goal.

The outline will show possible scheduling for the Mini-Games that will range from one half-day to five weeks. Each

school will have to determine the format most suitable to meet its needs.

The sports or activities chosen have been listed as either team or individual. Where possible, the actual sport should be

played; however, sports adaptations have also been provided.

Objectives:

Mass Participation (students, teachers, parents, other school employees) Develop an awareness of the Arctic Winter Games Active living

Sports/Activities: INDIVIDUAL TEAM

Alpine Skiing Basketball

Arctic Sports Curling

Badminton Dene Games

Biathlon Hockey

Cross Country Skiing Soccer

Dog Mushing Volleyball

Figure Skating

Gymnastics

Snowboarding

Snowshoeing

Snowshoe Biathlon

Speed Skating

Wrestling

NOTE: Some of the sports/activities, modified or not, can be placed in either group


IV-13

Point System (OPTIONAL) Many schools already have in place an intramural system of some kind, in which students earn points for their team,

class, or house. Awarding points for participating in a Mini-Games Unit may increase the participation and

enthusiasm.

Other team variations for classes or the entire student body are:

a) 7 groups – representing 1 province, 3 territories, 3 countries b) 4 groups – Canada, Greenland, Alaska, Russia

A large chart indicating points and standing may also promote interest, enthusiasm, and participation in the Games.

Format Options

1. Half day 2. One full day 3. One week – lunch hour 4. Three weeks – 1 morning or afternoon/week (e.g. 3 consecutive Fridays) 5. Two full days – 1 or 2 weeks apart 6. Five weeks – lunch hour – Intramural Format

FORMAT 1

One half-day (based on two and on-half hours)

a) Two time slots of 70 min. each (10 min. break between). Students select one individual activity and one team activity from a given list of activities and rotate from slot 1 to slot 2.

Example: INDIVIDUAL TEAM

1. Badminton 1. Basketball

2. Cross-Country Skiing 2. Soccer

3. Speed Skating 3. Volleyball

NOTE: Since the individual activities may be shorter in time, let students select 2 individual activities

and rotate after 30 or 35 min.

b) Four time slots of 30 min. each (5 min. break in between). Students select 2 individual activities and 2 team activities from a given list of activities and rotate from slot 1 to slot 4.

FORMAT 2

One full day (based on five hours or 300 min. with a break through lunch)

a) Organize the day as in Format 1. Offer combinations of team and individual activities.

b) Increase number of time slots and offer more activities.


FORMAT 3

One week – lunch hour (based on five days of 60 min.)

a) One time slot of 60 min. – TEAM activity

Two time slots of 25 min. – INDIVIDUAL activity 10 min. break

One different team activity and two different individual activities are offered each day for five days.

b) Same time slots as part (a) Students select one team and two individual activities from a given list of options as the week

progresses.

FORMAT 4

Three weeks – one morning or afternoon per week.

Based on three afternoons of 150 min.

Follow FORMAT 1 a) and b). Offer students different activities for each half-day. Could be organized for more or less than 3 weeks.

FORMAT 5

Two full days – 1 or 2 weeks apart (based on 2 days of 5 hours each).

Follow FORMAT 2 a), b), c), and d). Offer students different activities for each day, if possible. Could be organized for more than 2 full days over a three to five week period.

FORMAT 6

Five weeks – lunch hour – Intramural format (based on five weeks of five days with a lunchtime of 60 min.).

a) Follow FORMAT 3 a) or b). Offer some team activity all week long and several individual activities.

b) Follow FORMAT 3 a) or b). Offer same team and individual activities for each Monday. Change the activities. Offer the same team and individual activities for each Tuesday. Continue through the

five-week period. Could be organized for less than five weeks.


IV-15

Alpine Skiing

SLALOM

Formation Mark the racing course with pylons, teams or individual races

Equipment: Enough pylons to set up one to two

courses

No. of Players: Varies (Individual or Teams)

Skills: Running

Play: Players run in and out between the pylons (or some other object to

mark the racing course) over a prescribed distance. Players may

run against the clock, and the player with the lowest time wins, or

players may run as part of a relay team with the first team crossing

the finish line winning. Pylons should be close together to make

players do sharp turns.

Example 1: Relay Race

xxx xxx

ooo ooo

Example 2: Individual Timed Races

xxx


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IV-17

Arctic Sports

Note: The activities that follow are the games that are used in the

Arctic Winter Games, some of the games are left out do the danger of

the game. Direct supervision is required.

ONE-FOOT HIGH KICK

Formation: Individual Competition

Equipment: Target Seal (Can be a waffle ball, sponge ball, etc, must be soft), a

self supporting stand with rope (Can be a string hanging from the

Basketball net), and a tape measure


Skills: Jumping, landing, balancing, coordination Play: 1. Each player has three attempts to kick the target at each height.

An attempt is taken if the kicking knee is broken in the course

of a jump, the player misses the target or is off balance upon

landing.

2. Players can start from a stranding or running approach. 3. Players take off on two feet. 4. Players try and kick the target with one foot and then must land

in a controlled balanced position on the kicking foot.

5. Starting height in the Arctic Winter Games for open male competitors is 6 feet 6 inches, open female and junior males

starting height is 5 feet 6 inches and junior female is 5 feet

(start height in accordance to skill level.)

6. In the Arctic Winter Games the target is moved up 4 inches at a time for open male competitors and 2 inches for the rest. (Raise

the target in accordance to skill level)

Variation: Have a team event where you combine the total individual heights

kicked to determine a winner.

TWO-FOOT HIGH KICK






Skills: Jumping, landing, balancing, coordination

Play: 1. Each player has three attempts to kick the target at each height.

An attempt is taken if knees are broken in the course of a jump,

the player misses the target or is off balance upon landing.

2. Players can start from a stranding or running approach.


3. Players take off on two feet.

4. Players must kick at target and come in contact with the target with both feet simultaneously and then must land in a

controlled balanced position on both feet.

5. Starting height in the Arctic Winter Games for open male

competitors is 6 feet and 5 feet for open female competitors.

For junior male the starting height is 5 feet 6 inches and for the

junior female is 4 feet 6 inches (start height in accordance to

skill level.)

6. In the Arctic Winter Games the target is moved up 4 inches at a

time for open male competitors and 2 inches for the rest. (In

accordance to skill level raise the target 1-inch at a time).



ALASKAN HIGH KICK

Format: Individual Competition Equipment: Target Seal (Can be a waffle ball, sponge ball, etc, must be soft), a




Skills: Concentration, flexibility, and balance Play: 1. Players start on the floor by grabbing one foot by the sole with

the opposite hand. The player then raises of the ground by

balancing on their free hand and leg.

2. The player kicks at the target with their free foot while maintaining their hold on the other foot.

3. Upon kicking the target the player must land and maintain control on the same side that they jumped from.

4. The player must continue holding the foot until the attempt is over and has demonstrated control upon landing.

5. Three attempts at each height are allowed and the attempt is failed if the target is not struck with the foot, not maintaining

balance and control upon landing, and anytime the player lets

go of the none kicking foot during the kick.

6. Starting height for open men is 6 feet, for open women and junior men is 5 feet, and for junior women is 4 feet 6 inches.




IV-19

KNEEL JUMP

Formation: Individual competition Equipment: Tape measure, masking tape, and ropes to mark off playing area.


Skills: Jumping

Play: 1. Player starts in a kneeling position, with the buttocks resting on

the heels and the toes pointing back.

2. Player begins by rocking to gain momentum, swinging the arms is permitted.

3. The players then thrust themselves forward as far as possible. 4. The landing must be balanced and controlled on two feet in the

squat position with the arms forward.

5. Each player has three attempts, and a player is charged with an attempt if they do not land in a squat position with arms facing

forward.

6. The player must stay in the landing position until the measurement has taken place, or the attempt will not count.

Variation: Have a team event where you combine the total individual jumps

to determine a winner.

ONE HAND REACH






Skills: Concentration, balance, strength Play: 1. Player starts under the target with the elbow of the bracing arm

tucked under the body.

2. The player lifts of the floor and balances on their hands 3. With one hand the player reaches out and strikes the target

while the other hand maintains balance on the floor.

4. No part of the body other than the hand may touch the floor in the attempt, once the target is touched the hand returns to the

floor to help maintain balance.

5. Each player is allowed three attempts at each height, with an attempt being committed when the hand reaches towards the

target. A player is charged with an attempt if the target is not

touched, and if any part of the body touches the ground before

the player retains balance with the striking hand.


reached to determine a winner.


HEAD PULL

Formation: One vs. One tug-o-war type competition Equipment: Head band or loop 2 feet long and no less than 4cm wide (Can be a

piece of thick rope)

No. of Players: Two at one time

Skills: Strength endurance Play: 1. Place the loop above the ears on both competitors.

2. Players start by facing each other lying stomachs down, a centre line is drawn between the competitors with two

additional parallel lines 3 feet from the centre line.

3. Players rise up to a push up position with only hands and feet touching the floor.

4. When the judge signals players start pulling backwards with their head. The pull must be straight back and parallel to the

ground. (Continuous pulling only, no sudden movements or

jerks)

5. The object is to pull the opponent clearly over the line parallel to the centre line.

6. The winner is declared if they pull their opponent over the line parallel to the centre line, if the opponent allows the loop to be

pulled off the head or if any part of the body touches the floor

other than the feet and hands.

7. Only one pull determines the winner of the match.

ARM PULL

Formation: One vs. One tug-o-war type competition.

Equipment: No equipment required

No. of Players: Two at one time

Skills: Strength Play: 1. In pairs players’ face each other sitting on the floor. The

players have one leg straight and the other bent over the

opponent’s straight leg.

2. Competitors lock right arms at the bent elbow, with their left hand holding the other players right ankle or foot.

3. At the official’s signal the players pull slowly and steadily at the elbow and the action must be inward from the elbows

towards the chest. 4. The object is to pull the opponent over or touch the opponent’s

hand to the chest. 5. The competition consists of the best out of three pulls, with the

right arm pulling first, the left arm pulling second and the third

if necessary chosen by the winner of a coin flip.


IV-21

SLEDGE JUMP

Formation: Individual Competition Equipment: 10 sledges (50-cm high obstacle, with a 50-cm wide top and 70 cm

wide bottom). Adjust height to meet the needs of the individuals.


Skills: Jumping, endurance Play: 1. The player stands behind a line marked in front of the course

with both feet together.

2. When the referee signals the player starts and jumps over the 10 sledges, then turns around and jumps back over the sledges.

3. The player continues until they displace one of the sledges with their body, lands or takes off without both feet together,

touches apart of the sledge with their body above the waist or

falls to the ground.

4. The jumps should be in a continuous action with no applicable time allowed between each jump.

5. A maximum of 5 seconds is allowed to turn at the end of the 10 sledges.

6. Each player will be allowed 3 attempts and the greatest number of sledges jumped over is scored as the best attempt.

Variation: 1. Play as a relay event where the player has to jump over the ten

sledges turn around and jump back over the sledges, then the

next person in line goes. The greatest number of sledges

jumped over is the winner. Have teams of 2 to 4.

2. Timed relay event the same as variation # 1.

TRIPLE JUMP


Equipment: Different color start line, 103 cm in length (tape can be used), flag


Skills: Jumping Play: 1. Players must use a running start or a standing start.

2. When the referee gives the signal the player approaches the start line and completes three consecutive jumps. Feet must

stay together at all times.

3. The jump is measured from the beginning of the start line to the nearest point touched by any part of the player’s body.

4. Each player is allowed three attempts with the longest attempt being the score that is recorded.

5. The referee signals if the attempt is completed properly, if the jump is not completed successful the referee signals by raising

a flag, if it is successful the flag will not be raised.

Variation: Have a team event where you combine the total distance of

individual jumps to determine a winner.


Non Arctic Winter Games Activities

OWL HOP


Equipment: No equipment required

No. of Players: Varies

Skills: Jumping Play: 1. Hook the non-hopping leg behind the knee of the hopping leg

and bend the hopping leg 45 degrees.

2. The player extends and raises his arms outward and away from the body. The thumbs of both fists point upward with the fists

raised nearly as high as the shoulders.

3. On the referee’s signal the player begins to hop forward , the hops have to be continuous and not be interrupted.

4. The competitor jumping the greatest distance wins the competition.

STANDING HIGH JUMP


Equipment: Rope, (High bar stand and bar to adjust height)

No. of Players: Varies

Skills: Jumping

Play: 1. Two assistants hold the rope at the starting height of 2 feet or

60 cm (adjust to meet the needs of the players).

2. The players position themselves on one side of the rope ready for the jump. The two feet are beside one another.

3. From this position the player jumps over the rope without touching it with their feet or any part of their body. The jump

ends in a controlled landing position.

4. The competitor that jumps the greatest height wins.


IV-23

FOOT PULL

Formation: One vs. One tug-o-war competition

Equipment: A loop 30 cm or 12 inches in diameter (rope will suffice), tape

(Gym lines)

No. of Players: 2 players at one time

Skills: Strength, strength endurance Play: 1. Starting position is in a sitting position with the pulling leg

extended. The ankle of their pulling leg is fully flexed and

locked, with toes pointing upwards. The pulling feet are

positioned close to the centre line. The support leg is flexed at

the knee to an angle of about 90 degrees and on the ground.

The competitors lean back and place their hands on the floor to

the side and behind the hips.

2. Upon signal from the referee the players try to pull their opponent’s foot over the centre line or slip the leather belt off

the opponent’s foot.

3. Best of three format with the competitors switching feet in rounds 1 and 2. The winner of a coin flip determines the

pulling foot for round three if necessary.

Teaching Suggestions: 1. Direct Supervision required

2. Adequate warm up and stretching 3. Make sure players know the rules before playing.

Source: Arctic Sports

A Training And Resource Manual

NWT Arctic Sports Association (1998)


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IV-25

Badminton

TWO-ON-ONE BADMINTON

Played in-groups of three where the person serving plays

against the other two. The server must hit every other shot

whereas the other two play as partners against him/her. (They

don’t necessarily have to take alternate shots.) Only the

server can score points. The server continues to serve until the other two beat him/her on

a point. Each time a new server takes over, the other two players become partners against

him/her. Each player keeps his/her own score.

Intramural Series: Intramurals in the Elementary School. CIRA, 1986, page 63.

BATTLEDORE & SHUTTLECOCK

Formation: Two players that try to keep the Shuttlecock (bird) in the air for as

long as possible buy hitting the shuttlecock with a battledore

(racket).

Equipment: A Battledore and Shuttlecock (Racket and Bird) No. of Players: 2 players

Play: 1. The object is to keep the shuttlecock in the air as long as

possible.

2. Players hit the shuttlecock back and forth and count the number of times they hit the shuttlecock.

3. Have a time limit with the team that hits the bird the most times wins the game. Each team has as many opportunities to

start over until the time limit is up. Once the time limit is up

teams can’t start again but can continue if they still have the

shuttlecock in the air.

4. Or have teams sit down once the shuttlecock hits the floor, with the last team standing winning.

Variations: Add a net to the game and have the players hit the shuttlecock over

the net, but keep it off the ground.


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IV-27

Basketball

BASKETBALL GOLF

Formation: Arrange players on designated spots

around the key.

Equipment: 2 basketballs

No. of Players: 5 to 6 on each team

Skills: Shooting

Play: 1. Each player, in turn, tries to make a basket from each shooting

mark.

2. Rotate players and teams after each team has had five shots. 3. Each shot is counted as one point and the team with the highest

score wins.

Teaching

Suggestions: 1. Be certain there is sufficient shooting practice before

attempting this game.

2. With increased proficiency, extend shooting distance.

Example 1:

1 5

6

2 4

3

Example 2:

6 4

3 1

5 2

7 18

8

17

9

11 14 16

12 15 10 13


BOUNDRY BALL

Formation: Arrange students in equal teams on each side of the centre line.

Equipment: 2 to 4 basketballs, soccer balls or volleyballs

No. of Players: 8 to 16 on each team

Skills: Passing and catching

Play: 1. Players may move about freely in their own area but may not

enter opponents’ territory.

2. On signal, members of each team attempt to throw the ball so that it will roll or bounce over opponents’ goal line.

(Balls going over in the air do not count.)

3. Players try to prevent balls from crossing their goal. 4. Players securing a ball must throw it themselves. 5. After a goal is scored, the ball is returned to the captain and put

into play again.

6. Play may be timed or play in innings, with each legal goal constituting one-half inning.

7. One point is scored for each goal. 8. If a player steps on or over the centre line, one point is given to

the opposing team.

Teaching Suggestions: 1. Stress rolling or bouncing the ball.

2. If ball passes beyond the field of play, have the child nearest the ball recover it.

NINE COURT BASKETBALL

Formation: Divide the basketball court into nine equal areas and place one

guard and one opposing forward in the three end squares. Place

one guard from each team in the remaining squares.

Equipment: Basketball

No. of Players: 9 on each team

Skills: Passing, catching, shooting, dribbling, and pivoting

Play: Regular basketball rules apply with the following modifications:

1. Each player is assigned an area and must stay in it. 2. Players advance the ball by passing and/or one dribble. 3. Only forwards may shoot at the goal. 4. Jump ball is used to start the game. 5. Free shots are awarded for fouls. 6. Ball is taken out of bounds for crossing lines, travelling, double

dribbling, etc.

Teaching Suggestions: 1. After each goal, players may rotate to the next higher position.

2. Encourage students to keep in and move in their area. 3. Use chalk or tape to designate areas.


IV-29

SIDE LINE BASKETBALL

Formation: Use one-half of a playing court for two teams. Four players from

each team play in the court area while remaining players are

scattered along the sidelines.

Equipment: Basketball – 1 for each game

No. of Players: 8 to 12 per team

Skills: Catching, passing, shooting, dribbling, and pivoting Play: 1. Basketball rules are followed, except that the ball may be

passed to a sideline player.

2. Both teams play the same basket. Start the game with a jump ball in centre of playing area. Team that gains possession is

designated as offensive team.

3. If defensive team intercepts the ball, the players must pass to one of their sideline players before they become the offensive

team.

4. Stepping over the centre or sidelines gives the ball to the opponents on their sidelines.

5. Players on the sidelines rotate with players on the floor. 6. Field goals score two points and free throws score one point.

Teaching Suggestions: 1. Assign numbers before the game and use these in the rotate

sequence.

2. More players may be used on the court.

BASKETBALL SNATCH BALL

Formation: Divide the class into two equal groups and place one team on each

sideline. Place two balls in the centre of the court.


No. of Players: 10 to 15 per team

Skills: Catching, shooting and dribbling

Play: 1. Players are numbered consecutively and must stand in this

order on the sideline of the basketball court.

2. Two balls are placed in the centre of the court. 3. When the teacher calls a number, that player from each team

runs to the ball, dribbles to the basket on his right and makes a

basket.

4. When basket is made, the player dribbles back and replaces the ball.

5. The first player to make a basket and return the ball scores one point for their team.

Teaching

Suggestions: 1. Players may run in pairs with two players from each team

having the same number. The ball must be passed between the

players three times before and after the shot is made.


IN AND OUT BASKETBALL

Formation: Two teams play in one-half of the basketball court. A third

“waiting” team stands on the sidelines.


No. of Players: 6 teams of 4 players each

Skills: Shooting, catching, dribbling and pivoting

Play: 1. Three teams play in one half of the court.

2. Two teams play while the third team remains on the sideline 3. When a field goal or free throw is made, the third team takes

the loser’s place.

4. Each player is allowed two dribbles. Teaching Suggestions: 1. Keep third team players off the playing floor.

2. Use this game to explain the rules and strategy as well as skills.


IV-31

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Biathlon (Snowshoe & Skiing)

WINTER OLYMPICS: OBSTACLE COURSE

Formation: Set up a course inside a gym that has at least three

stations, one with ring toss on to a cone, one with

ball toss into a container, and one with basketballs

and a basket.

Equipment: A stopwatch, throwing rings, balls – variety of

sizes, cones, a container for balls, basketballs, and a

basket.

No. of Players: Individual timed competition

Skills: Throwing accuracy and running

Play: 1. Set up a course that has a variety of pylons that a player must

run around, and set up three stations within the course where

the person has to take three shots at targets. One with ring toss

and a cone; one with balls and a container; and one with

basketballs and baskets.

2. Have one timer and the rest of the players picking up rings. 3. If a player misses a shot or a target with the balls and rings add

two seconds to the individuals time at the end or have them do

a penalty lap at the end for every time they missed a shot. It is

up to the instructor to which rule they use for missed shots.

4. The individual with the fastest time wins the race. 5. Each Individual has three chances at the course or as many as

time permits with the fastest time out of the three chances

taken as the time for the individual.

Teaching

Suggestions: Set the course to the skill level of the participants, it should be

long enough to challenge the participants.

Variations: Make the course outside and only have two stations, leave the

basketball station out. Have players go through the course on

skis or snowshoes. Same rules as above.

Example 1:


IV-33

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Cross Country Skiing

CLASSIC SKIING RELAY RACE

Formation: Teams of 4 or more players race the

course or field then hand off a baton to

the next person in line

Equipment: Ski’s and a baton that can be held onto when skiing (e.g. necklace

type object)

No. of Players: 4 players per team with two or more teams’

Skills: Classic skiing technique

Play: 1. Line up on one side of the field or course with your teammates.

2. Players race around the course and hand the baton off to the next player in line.

3. The team that crosses the finish line first wins the race. 4. Only classic technique is allowed.

Variations: Use the skating technique as the skiing technique for the race, or

use freestyle where they can choose what type of technique to use.

Also two people can use the classic technique and two use the

skating technique.

Hopscotch, Hangman, Hot Potato, & Ha Ha Ha. Jack Maguire, 1990, Page 163.

GOSSIP RELAY

Formation: Same as a normal relay race but instead of passing a baton, players

whisper a message to the next player in line.

Equipment: Ski’s

No. of Players: At least 2 teams of 3

Skills: Skiing and memory skills

Play: 1. Form equal teams of players with the starter whispering a

phrase to the first relay runner.

2. Players run the course and instead of passing a baton between runners they whisper the phrase into the ear of the next skier.

3. The first team to complete the course and yell out the correct phrase wins the race.



IV-35

FOLLOW THE LEADER

Formation: To follow the leader through a course that they design Equipment: Ski’s and an outdoor environment

No. of Players: 2 or more players

Skills: Skiing

Play: 1. Select a player to be the leader and have all other players’ line

up in a single line behind the leader.

2. The leader leads the group through a challenging course that they design as the go.

3. If a person cannot do a stunt they drop from the game and join in at the back of the line.

4. After a few minutes change leaders so that everyone has a chance to invent a course.



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IV-37

Curling

SHUFFLEBOARD

Formation: Individual or a team of two game that is

played on a smoothed outlined surface.

Equipment: Two or four cues (forked sticks), and

eight sliding disks or pucks that have

identification marking the different teams.

No. of Players: Singles or doubles

Skills: Shooting

Play: 1. Each player or team has four disks to shoot.

2. The playing area is set up as in the diagram below. 3. Teams start at the same end. Players take turns shooting the

disks. (One player shoots the disk, then waits to shoot his

second disk until the other team shoots.)

4. The object is to reduce the beginning score of 100, 75, or 50 down to 0. Minus points by where your disk lies in accordance

to the points in the scoring area. If any disk touches a line it

does not count. 5. Once the players are finished shooting all their disks they either

shoot from the other end or their teammates take their shots

from the other end. 6. Players can knock disks off the board or rebound off disks into

a different area. 7. Any disks that are in the dead area, in the end zones, or

touching the lines in the end zone have to be removed before

the next person shoots. Variations: 1. Use beanbags and throw them into the scoring areas

2. If outdoors double the size of the playing area and roll balls into the scoring area.

Diagram:

6’ 6” 30” 21’ 9’

6 End 10 7 8 8 7 10 End

Feet Zone off 7 8 Dead Lines 8 7 0ff Zone

18”

52 feet

10 10


SHUFFLE CURL

Formation: A game that combines shuffleboard and curling. It can be played

as an individual sport or teams of two players.

Equipment: Two or four cues (Forked sticks) and eight sliding disks or pucks

that have identification marking the different teams.

No. of Players: Singles or doubles

Skills: Shooting

Play: 1. The Game is similar to curling, where teams take alternate

shots at the target circle at the far end of the playing area.

2. In singles, once a player is done shooting all four disks, they go to the other end and shoot the disks back. In doubles their

partner shoots the disks back. 3. The object of the game is to have disks closer to the centre of

the circle than the opponents. Each disk that is closer to the

centre than the opponent’s closest disk to the centre receives a

point. (E.G. If there are two disks from team A close to the

centre, and the next closest disk is from team B, Team A

receives two points.) 4. The game is played over 10 ends, with the maximum of 4

points being scored in any one end. 5. All disks that touch the circle can count as a possible point. If

the closest disk to the centre is outside the circle and not

touching any lines of the circle it does not count as a point. 6. All disks that do not completely cross the hog line are removed

before the next shot is taken; the same is true if the disk

completely cross’s the end lines or sidelines. 7. Disks can be bumped out of the way by opponent’s disks and

can guard disks that are within the target circle. Variations: 1. Have four players on each team and play curling rules, need 8

disks per team, each player on a team takes two shots per end.

Maximum 8 points per end.

2. Throw beanbags instead of disks, same rules apply as above. 3. If outdoors, make the playing area twice the size and roll balls

to the target circle.

Diagram: End Line 3 Feet Hog Lines

2 Feet 4 Feet

12 Feet

36 Feet


IV-39

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Dene Games The following games are the actual games that are used in the Arctic

Winter Games.

HAND GAME

Formation: A team game consisting of 4 players that

involves deceiving and guessing. The

object is to hide a object in one of your

hands and try to make your opposition guess the wrong hand.

Equipment: Twelve small sticks approximately 1 inch long (anything can be

used as longs as there are twelve objects and a small token for

hiding (rock, coin, marble, etc.)

No. of Players: 8 players, 4 on each team

Skills: Deceiving

Play: 1. Start by the teams kneeling facing one another in pairs. The

game is accompanied by drumming.

2. Teams take turns on hiding and guessing, with the team captains squaring off against one another to determine who

hides first. (The first player that deceives their opponent in

making the wrong choice first gets to hide first).

3. Players may kneel on mats and may use a blanket or other cover to help conceal their hands when hiding. When hiding

the token, they have no more than eight seconds to conceal the

object.

4. When trying to deceive the opponent the hiding team can not cross and uncross their arms they only can do one or the other.

5. The opposition guesses the hand by giving a hand signal and giving a sound with the call. This sound can be a sharp whistle

or a call such as “Ho!” or “Hutch!. The hiding team must show

both hands.

6. Players who have their arms crossed are called in the same manor, with the side the object is actually located in counting

for the purpose of the call. Or players may touch the ground or

floor and call “diya!” when using the crossed arm position to

indicate opposites. In this case a caller must identify the

position of the object as if the arms were not crossed

(opposites).

7. The captains on each team are the only players that are allowed to guess, with all players on the opposing team hiding at the

same time. Each time a captain is unsuccessful in guessing the

correct hand the captain gives the opposition one stick from

the middle. A player that successfully deceives the opposing

captain continues to play until caught. If everyone on the


IV-41

hiding team is caught before the sticks are removed from the

middle the opposing team hides.

8. Play continues until all sticks are removed from the middle. The captains then draw on the sticks that they have already

won in the game. The game continues until one team has won

all twelve sticks. The team that wins all twelve sticks gets to

hide first in the next round.

9. Games consist of the best two out of three rounds (12 + 12 or 24 sticks).

FINGER PULL RULES

Formation: Two players compete against one another in a tug-o-war type

game.

Equipment: No equipment needed

No. of Players: 2 players

Skills: Pain resistance and strength endurance

Play: 1. Two players sit facing each other, one player with the right leg

bent and the second player with both feet braced against the

shin of the first player’s bent leg. The first player, leaning

slightly backward, braces their right elbow against their bent

right thigh and places his left hand on the opponents left knee.

The second player braces their left hand on the first players left

shoulder and the two players lock their middle fingers.

2. On the signal from the referee, the players pull slowly and steadily, no jerking, re-gripping, or twisting motion allowed.

3. The object is for the second player to pull the first players arm out slightly, straighten the first player’s finger, or making them

give up.

4. Competition consists of the best of three pulls. The second pull has the positions reversed, with the third pulling positions

determined by a coin flip, with the winner of the coin flip

selecting the position.

5. The defensive player wins if they do not straighten their arm/finger or give up in 15 seconds.

6. A player may be disqualified if they twist or jerk in a way that may cause injury.


STICK PULL RULES

Formation: Two players compete against one another in a tug-o-war type

game.

Equipment: A stick that is birch or spruce and is shaved so that it can be

gripped properly (12 inches long and 1 inch in diameter at the

centre and tapered to approximately ½ inch diameter at each end.

The centre point of the stick is marked with a notch or line. ( Can

use a athlete’s baton or a cut off broomstick). The stick is to be

greased with common grease to make it tougher to grip.

Competitors must use their bare hands.

No. of Players: 2 players

Skills: Strength and strength endurance

Play: 1. Two players start facing one another, and on the signal from

the referee, each player pulls with a hard steady pull, trying to

pull the stick out of the others hand.

2. No body contact between the two players is allowed and players are not to try and twist or turn the stick from the their

competitor. The proper technique is a hard steady pull with the

hand braced against the hip.

3. A taped line will be placed on the floor for the feet, movement of the feet passed the line will result in the player being

disqualified.

4. The grip is set at the beginning of the pull, players cannot initiate movement of the hands forward after the grip is set.

5. The stick must be horizontal during the pull at all times. 6. The competition consists of the best out of three pulls. The

first pull is with the right hand, the second pull is with the left

hand and if necessary the pulling hands of the last pull will be

determined by a coin flip.

7. The winner of the pull is declared when the stick is pulled from the hands of the opponent.

SNOWSNAKE

Formation: A Individual game that is played by throwing a long spear along

the surface of the snow for distance.

Equipment: A spear that is a straight spruce stick 4 feet 6 inches in length and

¾ inches in diameter with a sharpened end. The surface of the

spear must be varnished. (A javelin or a sharpened wood handled

can be used in the spruce stick place)

No. of Players: Individual Competition

Skills: Underhand Throwing

Play: 1. Object is to make the spear slide as far as possible along the

top of the snow.


IV-43

2. Players must use a underhand throw to deliver the spear. 3. Players are allowed to take a 20-foot run prior to throwing the

spear.

4. Each player has three attempts at throwing the spear with the longest throw counting as the competitor’s score.

5. The distance is marked by where the spear exits the trough.

POLE PUSH

Formation: A team game that involves trying to push the other team outside of

a marked ring.

Equipment: A dry spruce or pine pole 20 feet long and 5 to 6 inches in diameter, marked at it’s center. A marked ring should be placed on

the ground and be 30 feet in diameter, shoes and spikes are not

allowed. Competitors are permitted to wear gloves or mittens.

No. of Players: 4 per team Skills: Pushing and strength

Play: 1. Each team of 4 players grasps the opposite ends of the pole.

With the centre mark of the pole positioned over the centre

point of the marked circle.

2. On the signal from the referee, each team pushes forward, with the object of trying to push the entire opposite team out of the

circle. 3. Teams must push forward at all times and are not allowed to

swing the pole or let go, both cause disqualification. 4. The matches consist of the best out of three pushes.


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IV-45

Dog Mushing

MUSHERS BASEBALL

Formation: Baseball type game played by two

teams on a outdoor playing field

Equipment: Snow, three bases, home plate, bat,

tennis ball or small/medium sized soft

rubber ball, carpet type sleds or sturdy

pieces of cardboard

No. of Players: 7 or more players on each team

Skills: Hand eye coordination, batting, jogging

Play: 1. The same rules as baseball but cannot throw the ball to other

teammates.

2. Pitcher pitches the ball underhand or overhand depe

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