Blockchain middleware for the front-end developer

Table of ContentsAbstract . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3

The Current State of App Development on Blockchain . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4

The blockchain appeal to developers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5

An emerging business priority . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5

Current blockchain development constraints . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6

The Esprezzo Solution . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7

The Esprezzo Approach . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7

Competition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7

Use Cases . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8

CampusTap and Esprezzo . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8

The Token Model, Pricing Model . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9

The Development Roadmap . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10

Esprezzo Technical Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11

The Esprezzo Ecosystem . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11

Core Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12

The Esprezzo Team, Advisors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18

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AbstractEsprezzo will be the premier development platform for entrepreneurial coders and enterprises looking to build data-rich web and mobile products on blockchain .

Because of its immutable ledger and highly secure framework, applications built on blockchain can offer lower operational costs, better data security, and faster transactions in a number of industries, including financial services, retail, and personal identity.

That’s why, whether they’re front-end JavaScript programmers or back-end engineers, developers want to build the world’s next great data-rich apps -- those that require fast read/write times -- on blockchain . It’s also why there’s such high demand for blockchain developers in the corporate world .

The problem? It’s not easy to develop on blockchain .

The technology is inaccessible unless you have full-stack DevOps and cryptography experience . On top of that, existing blockchains don’t support the volume of transactions needed to run data-rich blockchain apps .

Esprezzo will change this with a platform that allows for web and mobile application development on blockchain .

Introducing EsprezzoUnlike other blockchain offerings, Esprezzo doesn’t require knowledge of enterprise frameworks such as .NET, C++, or C# . Through our blockchain-agnostic, serverless approach, we’re making it possible for developers of any skill set to build creative, data-rich applications on blockchain right away .

We also offer speed: Data will be written faster on our own blockchain, which offers a block time that is quicker than other public blockchains currently available .

Developers who start building with Esprezzo get their hands on the technology tools that will define software development for the next decade:

o Esprezzo’s blockchain is a consensus-based peer-to-peer network protocol implementation that includes a distributed ledger, a fabric of sidechains, and a UTXO-based cryptocurrency that provides high transaction speed .

o Esprezzo integrates with GraphQL, the query language that powers the world’s most data-rich websites at scale: Facebook, Pinterest, Twitter, Yelp, Intuit, and many more .

o Esprezzo leverages some of the most scalable and current technologies today, including Erlang, Elixir, Phoenix, and React .

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The Current State of App Development on BlockchainBlockchain is a decentralized, publicly shared ledger of transactions that automatically encrypts, records, and timestamps each new ‘block’ of data chronologically . As a result, anyone with access to a blockchain will be able to see a full record of data transactions made, without the need for centralized recordkeeping or administration and with the full encryption required to keep personal data secure .

To date, blockchain has been most closely associated with cryptocurrencies like Bitcoin, but its inherent benefits – security, transparency, efficiency, and distribution – make it an attractive option for all application development .

SecurityAlthough not immune from attacks, certain underlying characteristics make blockchain a more secure alternative to other database technologies . New blocks of data are automatically encrypted when they are added to the ledger . And, because data that’s already written into the system can’t be changed without the consent of the majority of participants, the likelihood of rogue actors being able to backdoor their way past security protections decreases .

TransparencyBlockchain provides protection against fraudulent transactions and data tampering . Its public nature means that all users maintain identical copies of records on the ledger . Data on the blockchain cannot be destroyed, which means users have a fully traceable record of timestamped and digitally signed transactions .

EfficiencySmart contracts are sets of digital instructions within the blockchain that define the logic around transactions, and self-execute when predetermined conditions are met . Because they are stored on the public ledger, these instructions are transparent to all participants in the blockchain, and because they automatically execute, they allow participants to proceed through business processes without delay .1

DistributionBlockchain could decentralize app distribution by allowing developers to have a more direct line to their users, ultimately eliminating device-specific app marketplaces. This would streamline the process for releasing apps and updates, and phase out lengthy third-party approvals . Without having to distribute apps through middlemen like Apple, which charge distribution and approval fees, developers and enterprises will save time, money, and creative freedom .2

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The blockchain appeal to developersDevelopers say they want to build on blockchain not only for its career potential (skilled blockchain developers have the opportunity to command higher salaries and work with exciting companies in interesting fields), but also because they see its potential to reshape the world in the same way the internet has . By introducing a layer of transparency and trust to a number of different transactions – from homebuying to voting to legal services – developers who create blockchain-based applications have the opportunity to make life easier and more equitable for millions of people .

Through our own market research and conversations with developers, we’ve found they’re also eager to develop blockchain-based applications because it offers unmatched information security .

An emerging business priorityMany businesses recognize blockchain’s potential . Startups are looking to provide new innovative solutions on blockchain while enterprises want to replace legacy systems with blockchain applications . Financial services companies are some of blockchain’s earliest adopters, in part because the technology promises enormous cost benefits. Research estimates that banks could save up to 30 percent in infrastructure costs, or between $8 billion and $12 billion each year, by investing in blockchain. Specifically, these businesses could cut spending on financial reporting by 70 percent, compliance responsibilities by 50 percent, and business and central operations by 50 percent .

It’s not just financial services that stand to benefit. IBM and Samsung have developed a blockchain-based proof of concept to support Internet of Things (IoT) applications. DocuSign and Visa developed a connected car proof of concept to simplify car leasing and payments . Hospitality and retail businesses are exploring blockchain to support loyalty programs, while healthcare offers several unique use cases, ranging from billing to patient recordkeeping . Government agencies could also use blockchain to simplify land records, voting processes, government-issued identity numbers, and much more .

In fact, demand from enterprises has been so strong that the Enterprise Ethereum Alliance was formed to provide resources and guidance for enterprises looking to explore blockchain technology . The alliance includes companies such as IBM, Microsoft, Deloitte, and Accenture .

Even so, there remains a shallow pool of expert blockchain developers . William Mougayar, author of “The Business Blockchain,” estimated that in mid-2016, there were only “5,000 developers dedicated to writing software for cryptocurrency, Bitcoin, or blockchain in general .” That’s a fraction of the overall market, which Mougayar says could include up to 18 .5 million software developers worldwide .

Industry experts say the talent shortage means blockchain developers can demand higher salaries compared to typical front-end or back-end engineers . As of November 2017, the jobs website Glassdoor reports that blockchain developers earn a national average of $83,000, compared to $72,000 for JavaScript developers, and it’s not uncommon for blockchain developers to command more than $100,000 in salary .

A platform that allows developers of any skill set to work on blockchain could help close the blockchain skills gap, allowing companies to cost-effectively build up their internal development expertise .

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Current blockchain development constraintsSeveral practical challenges make blockchain development inaccessible to many programmers .

Storage Write Times Are Too Slow Consensus mechanisms create a more secure method to validate data but slow down the speed at which data can be written . As a result, it’s impossible for the currently available public blockchains to offer the scale or speed needed to build truly data-rich applications . For example, the current Bitcoin blockchain can only support a maximum bandwidth of about seven transactions per second . Ethereum, another option, only supports around 20 transactions per second . Visa, by comparison, can handle up to 24,000 transactions per second .

Cryptography Is Hard to Learn Cryptography is highly sought after but hard for inexperienced developers to learn .

Code Requires Extensive Back-end Knowledge Blockchain is built on top of low-level software languages such as Go, C# and C++, making it inaccessible to front-end engineers .

Managing Network Performance Requires DevOps Experience As the core of blockchain is decentralized, managing and maintaining the network performance can pose a challenge for people lacking DevOps experience .

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The Esprezzo SolutionEsprezzo levels the playing field in blockchain development with a platform that includes a distributed blockchain ledger, ephemeral sidechain configuration, command line tools, and API and SDK libraries .

While there are some specific blockchain offerings available, they lean heavily on legacy enterprise-specific technologies and/or require knowledge of enterprise frameworks like .NET, C++, or C# . Esprezzo won’t force developers to learn new languages or spend time building back-end components . Instead, we will enable them to spin up a back-end quickly and focus their time on front-end UI development .

The Esprezzo Approach

Blockchain AgnosticWe’ve created a middleware platform and a library of SDKs that can interface with various blockchains. Ethereum and Esprezzo will be among the first of these blockchains. Additionally, we are following next-generation blockchain projects such as Aion, EOS, NEO, and Cardano to identify the next best chains to support .

Serverless approachJavaScript and mobile developers want a GraphQL layer or serverless approach to access the data their applications depend on . These developers may not want to or know how to speak directly to the Ethereum JSON-RPC API, and it might not be advantageous for them to do so . To empower these developers, we will offer a caching layer and, more importantly, a “business logic and data aggregation” layer .

CompetitionThere are a number of potential competitors to Esprezzo that offer blockchain development solutions, including Stratis, Lisk, Ark, BlockApps, and Hyperledger .

Esprezzo’s compatibility with Ethereum, which allows interoperable transactions, is a key differentiator between Esprezzo and its competitors . Unlike other solutions, Esprezzo abstracts its codebase to the front end so that it’s accessible to developers . In comparison, Stratis, BlockApps, and Hyperledger are all more appropriate for back-end enterprise developers . Ark and Lisk are aimed primarily at consumer development .

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Use CasesEsprezzo is built by the team at CampusTap, a leading career networking platform for education institutions and corporations incorporated in 2013 . CampusTap currently serves more than 60 organizations and reaches over 1 million users across the world .

CampusTap and EsprezzoOne of blockchain’s most powerful potential use cases is the ability to create a single, secure digital identification that users can control. In our work with CampusTap, we recognized an opportunity to replace our existing OAuth-based authentication system with one built on the blockchain so that, over time, all current and future CampusTap users will have a digital identity on the new blockchain-based system .

However, when prototyping the proof of concept, we found blockchain development inaccessible to our JavaScript development team . We also recognized the limitations of running a data-rich application like CampusTap on public blockchains like Ethereum, which offer limited bandwidth . That led to the idea behind Esprezzo, and our mission to create an easy-to-use platform that allows developers to spin up blockchain-based apps quickly . It also led to some of our first proofs of concept:

Blockchain-based community platformWe have developed a blockchain-based community platform that will give Esprezzo users a place to ask questions and receive support from other users . Users will need to use tokens in order to ask a question and will be rewarded with tokens based on their responses to other users questions . The more helpful a user is to the community, the higher the potential rewards . The community will also be integrated with code repositories such as GitHub to not only reward users for participating, but to also push more code onto the Esprezzo platform . This will be an open-source use case, with the code made available for public review . In the long-term, it will be the main community platform for Esprezzo users .

Migrating CampusTap to blockchainIn 2018, CampusTap’s entire back-end infrastructure will be migrated to blockchain using Esprezzo. As a result, it will be one of the first fully functional data-rich applications to be built entirely on blockchain, and it will serve as a hallmark use case of the Esprezzo middleware .

Identity authorizationComponents of the CampusTap platform will be decoupled and made available for Esprezzo users to incorporate within their own applications . These will include messaging capabilities, user profiles, data visualization, and more. The first component will be our blockchain-based identity solution . Identity authentication is a core requirement for any web or mobile app, and Esprezzo users will be able to implement a secure authentication system into their app . Various components will be available for a nominal token fee within the Esprezzo Marketplace .

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Token Model

In today’s general software market, our approach can be compared to offerings such as platform-as-a-service or blockchain-as-a-service . Tokens will be used to power transactions on the platform . Tokens serve as a key or software license, and more tokens can be used over time to increase performance and scale of developers’ applications . In addition, a dashboard will be created for administrators to distribute tokens, monitor usage, and purchase more tokens as necessary .

Esprezzo will provide hosting and consultancy for decentralized applications (Dapps) built on the Ethereum blockchain or Esprezzo MainNet . Esprezzo will work closely with businesses to determine their business goals before deploying nodes, if required, and organizing hosting . This allows developers to focus solely on creating applications without spending time and resources on infrastructure .

Pricing ModelEsprezzo’s pricing model will begin with a freemium offering . This package will allow developers to leverage Esprezzo’s middleware . There will be three core offerings: Starter, Small Business, and Enterprise .

The Starter tier will be the free offering, allowing developers to explore and prototype on the test net, and use the developer tools and libraries . The Small Business package will consist of a $50/month fee that will provide access to the same elements as the Starter tier, including the ability to deploy to the Esprezzo MainNet . The Small Business tier will include 10,000 data events per month . Users that are building applications for scale will fall into the Enterprise tier and will be provided custom pricing based on their anticipated usage of the Esprezzo MainNet resources .

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Development RoadmapPhase 1 (Q3 2017) - CompleteTest Elixir and Ethereum integration

Test blockchain scaling based on node setup and offloading non-pertinent data into GenServers

Phase 2 (Q4 2017) - CompleteBuild authentication components and basic social application with token integration to showcase the ability to rapidly develop on Esprezzo

Launch position paper, website, and video

Initiate community engagement through blog, speaking engagements, and public relations

Phase 3 (Q1 2018)Launch Block Explorer

Phase 4 (Q2-Q4 2018)

Launch fully developed platform including:

o Esprezzo Core

o EZPZ Token

o Esprezzo Wallet

o Tokenized Developer Community

Followed by launch of our Token Generation Event

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Esprezzo Technical OverviewWe are taking a new approach to building a secure and developer friendly next-generation application ecosystem .

The Esprezzo EcosystemThe Esprezzo Ecosystem as a collection of commercial and open source tools and applications that add value and functionality by overlaying this decentralized p2p network using the built-in networking APIs and services

Esprezzo Core

Esprezzo Core is consensus-based peer-to-peer network protocol implementation that includes a distributed blockchain ledger, a fabric of sidechains that represent compressed graph data, and a UTXO-based cryptocurrency with a high transaction speed .

Esprezzo Wallet

Esprezzo Wallet is a desktop-based digital wallet for Esprezzo (EZPZ) tokens. The wallet will allow EZPZ holders to pay network fees as well as allow holders to stake a specific amount of tokens to participate in the proof of stake consensus system .

Esprezzo Upcoming Offerings and Examples

Application composer BaaS platform

Simple authentication API and SDK network client wrapper libraries

o Esprezzo Javascript SDK

o Esprezzo Elixir SDK

o Esprezzo Ruby SDK

Delegate selection and light wallet desktop UI

GraphQL API for ephemeral sidechain configuration, deployment and access

Cross chain state explorer, asset exchange and metadata API/SDK

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Esprezzo CoreA cryptographically secured, consensus-based blockchain and sidechain fabric protocol.Esprezzo Core is the main consensus-based peer-to-peer networked node that manages a global token ledger and a fabric of ephemeral sidechains . This is commonly referred to as a “full node” or “daemon,” and is responsible for data storage, transaction management, network communication, and consensus participation .

Design Reasoning

At the core of every blockchain network is some variation of a consensus based, cryptographically secured, immutable, tamper evident ledger . This usually includes a unit of value exchange which serves to:

1 . Prevent network abuse by imposing a small fee on ledger transactions

2 . Ease the transfer of intra-domain computational resources,

3 . Demonstrates stake in the system

4 . Incentivize participation and the dedication of computational resources to the network .

After researching the characteristics and behavior of the most prevalent blockchain and DAG based projects and we concluded that the best path forward is to design our core blockchain server from scratch using the tools and processes that will best suit the goals of our platform . We have identified some core requirements that are not found or under-delivered in existing projects .

Some but not all, of these requirements are:

1 . Highly available delivery of unstructured, cryptographically secured data .

2. Ephemeral and domain specific sidechains that interact with a global account ledger.

3 . The platform should be built using functional programming language and design principles, including but not limited to strong type definitions, a preference for pure functions and encapsulated state, extensive testing and code linting .

4 . Consensus should be based on a combination of weighted stake election and low difficulty proof of work as well as duration and quality of participation.

5 . Should address different use cases for UTXO based ledger and unstructured data storage by having a different data storage format for sidechain data .

6 . Encryption/obfuscation of unstructured sidechain data when required

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Implementation Components

Blockchain Data Storage

One of our core requirements is to have a global ledger that is accessible by any number of sidechains . The core ledger is a Merkle tree data structure based on light proof of work performed by elected stakeholders. We use a standard difficulty-based SHA-3 hash algorithm and blocks are stored sequentially as a chain of Merkle proofs .

Accounts are described and settled using a modified UTXO model implemented by Bitcoin, Ethereum, Monero, etc . This works well for describing a settlement layer, but not so well for describing unstructured data . Our sidechain fabric is designed as a Merkle tree without the need for value settlements, which results in simpler and more performant data access, as well as the ability to easily expire legacy data without impacting the settlement history of the overall system .

Consensus

There are various approaches to achieving and maintaining consensus in a decentralized and volatile network environment with a large number of transient peers and the potential for bad actors attempting to compromise or unduly influence the system.

The prevalent approaches now in use are proof of work (Bitcoin and Ethereum) and various approaches to proof of stake (ADA, Lisk, and possibly the next generation of Ethereum). Our approach is a hybrid method of delegated proof of stake and low-difficulty proof of work. This allows us to use a weighted election system and give block forging priority to “honest” nodes based on their past performance and economic stake in the system .

This is an evolving model, with a goal of fairly incentivizing masternode delegates to voluntarily achieve and maintain consensus . It’s also aimed to prevent abuse through the continuous election of delegates by a long tail of smaller stakeholders based on their goal alignment with the delegate candidates . Some characteristics of the staking incentive model are:

1 . Any positive balance holder can choose to stake a delegate, thereby earning additional tokens through the delegate pass-through reward system

2 . Holders of more than 50,000 tokens may apply to be a delegate by staking 50,000+ tokens for a period and proposing their value to the community

3 . Full nodes are increasingly incentivized to hold additional sidechain data based on their capacity or desired level of participation

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Peer-to-Peer Network

To provide a highly available, decentralized data services network and to support the mesh-style communication required by this model, we need a robust and battle-tested networking and execution platform . Based on these considerations, we chose to build on the Erlang Open Telecom Platform in addition to the Elixir metalanguage that compiles to Erlang bytecode and executes on the BEAM Virtual machine .

This combination has performed at scale for 20+ years, originally in telecom as it was designed for Ericsson labs, and more recently in large-scale social messaging platforms such as WhatsApp and Discord . Erlang and the Open Telecom Platform are designed around functional programming theory -- which, when applied correctly, can help avoid a wide category of bugs and performance issues that are seen in other programming models that lack type enforcement and data encapsulation .

Our core nodes maintain a representation of available data in individual and supervised low-cost, memory-based processes that we have used extensively in our previous projects . Our current peer discovery and overall network model is derived from ideas found in Biased Gossip & Anti-Entropy protocols, and are based on pure Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol (TCP/IP). We use a flood-based block-and-change propagation model that achieves a near-logarithmic change distribution velocity .

JSON-RPC API

To allow developers to build complex applications and integrations, we provide a standard JSON-RPC endpoint incorporated in most cryptocurrency and smart contract blockchain node software . This is how exchanges, wallet software, block explorers, chain analysis engines, and other applications gain visibility into the contents and state of the blockchain data by communicating directly with a full node .

This is the core method used by our management consoles, delegate election interfaces, and light wallets . This is fully documented and examples of http calls and responses can be found on our wiki .

Our developer SDKs are available in a variety of popular programming languages for both front-end and back-end development . And, of course, the JSON-RPC API can be accessed directly by constructing the network calls manually . In the future we are planning to add a socket-based subscription API so clients can receive event-based data updates using passive push notifications.

Any function useful to an application developer should be available using this interface, although some sensitive functions should only be exposed via internal IPC whenever possible .

Conclusion

By combining purpose-driven insight and extending ideas found in first- and second-generation blockchain technologies, we are creating a specialized and performant distributed network that boasts many of the benefits that have drawn developers and users to the blockchain and distributed computing space . This core platform will allow us to reach our goals of increasing adoption of these technologies among developers of all skill sets and accelerating the future of decentralized, fault-tolerant, egalitarian networks .

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The Issuing and Distribution of the EZPZ Token

The number of total authorized EZPZ Tokens is set at 5,000,000,000 and we anticipate issuing no more than 2,550,000,000 in our Token Generation Event (TGE). Our planned scheduled is:

51% To be sold through all stages

25% Founding Organization and Partners Reserve

Reserved at Close of Token Generation Event

15% Community and Research Development Reserve

Reserved at Close of Token Generation Event

9% Treasury Reserve

Reserved at Close of Token Generation Event

Presale Rounds

In April 2018 we began conducting a token presale, making future EZPZ Tokens available to qualified investors. Purchasers should read our offering memorandum for a detailed description of our offering and a number of important legal disclosures . We intend to conduct our in two rounds:

Round One Presale (presale pursuant to Regulations D and S of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, and the laws of other applicable jurisdictions)

Token Soft Cap 765,000,000 EZPZ

Targeted Funds to be Raised $6,426,000

Start Date April 2018

Investor Cap $500,000 (waiver possible for material commitment)

Minimum Purchase Amount $25,000

Discount $100,000 or more = 35% discount to Token Price in TGE $99,000-$25,000 = 25% discount to Token Price in TGE

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Round Two Presale (presale pursuant to Regulations D and S of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, and the laws of other applicable jurisdictions as well as Regulation CF, using the Indiegogo/Microventures Platform)

Token Soft Cap 1,020,000,000 EZPZ

Targeted Funds to be Raised USD 11,016,000

Start Date TBD

Investor Cap $500,000 (waiver possible for material commitment)

Minimum Purchase Amount $500

Discount Discounts will be based upon timing of commitment on a decreasing scale starting with a 15% discount

We do not anticipate any holdback related to tokens sold . We intend to use the proceeds from the two Presale Rounds for:

Completion of the product development roadmap through demonstration of a viable platform with an integrated EZPZ utility token, and growth of our software development team

Additional marketing resources

Expanding our business development efforts related to external partnerships

Accounting and legal costs related to the presale and TGE

Token Generation Event

We will launch our Token Generation Event once we can demonstrate that we have a viable platform with an integrated EZPZ utility token. We expect this to be proven in the first half of 2018 .

Tokens Allocated 765,000,000 EZPZ

Targeted Funds Raised $9,180,000

Start Date Fall 2018

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OTHER TGE DETAILS

Contributions

During the presale we will accept fiat (non-cryptocurrency) and cryptocurrency (ETH, BTC, Litecoin, Zcash, etc.). We will accept Ethereum (ETH) contributions during the TGE only. Other tokens will need to be converted to ETH . A link will be provided on the Esprezzo website with additional instructions .

Founding Token Allocation

Tokens will be allocated directly to founding company-owned accounts, and not to individuals .

Accreditation and KYC/AML Checks

All token purchasers must fill out the appropriate investor accreditation forms and clear KYC/AML verifications for both presale rounds. Exact forms will be available upon the start of the token sale .

More Information

Visit esprezzo .io to sign up for our newsletter and receive updated information as soon as it is available .

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Esprezzo Managing Team Remy Carpinito - CEO & FounderRemy Carpinito is the founder and CEO of Esprezzo and CampusTap, a private networking and alumni mentoring platform . He successfully raised ~3M from Angels and VCs . Remy has received several awards including Suffolk Univeristy Entrepreneur of the Year ‘13, MassChallenge Finalist ‘14 and Constant Contact Innoloft winner ‘15 .

Alan Wilhelm - CTO & Founder Alan leads software development, platform architecture and technology strategy within Esprezzo and CampusTap . Alan has 15+ years of software engineering experience . Before Esprezzo, Alan was a DevOps engineer at RadiusIntel, Citeline and Electronic Arts .

Craig Gainsboro - CFOCraig is an accomplished CFO with a concentration in technology, professional services, manufacturing and distribution companies . He is the former US CFO for the Tax and Advisory services lines of service for PricewaterhouseCoopers LLC which accounted for $2 .4bn and $2 .2bn of revenues, respectively .

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Dr. Mihaela Ulieru

Professor Ulieru is a Blockchain Champion at the World Economic Forum where her advocacy resulted in the technology being included among the Top Ten in 2016 . Her groundbreaking research in distributed intelligent systems created a strong foundation for governance on blockchain as an institutional technology after it revolutionized manufacturing, logistics, and homeland security . Prof . Ulieru, a California Berkeley Alumna, has held and holds appointments to boards and councils including the Science and Engineering Research Council of Singapore, the Canadian Science Technology and Innovation Council, the European Commission Research Program, and the Global Agenda Council of the World Economic Forum .

Rob Dolci

Rob is President and CEO of Aizoon USA, an international technology service company that focuses on Smart Factory (Industry 4.0), Cyber Security, and industrial automation . Rob is a recognized technology executive and helped Aizoon achieve the Cool Vendor Award from Gartner in 2016 for IoT . On completion of an MBA (concentration in System Dynamics) at Strathclyde University in Glasgow, Rob moved into Information Technology and spent 15 years progressing to Chief Information Officer (CIO) in Automotive, Machine Manufacturing and Supply Chain Industries. Rob has a professional certification in Cybersecurity from the Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Lab (CSAIL) of MIT in Boston.

Boris Revsin

Boris is the Co-Founder and General Partner of Game Theory Crypto Group (GTCG). GTCG owns and operates a fund focused on Initial Coin Offerings (ICOs). In 2015, Boris co-founded VentureApp, a technology platform that helps connect entrepreneurs in regions around the world . Boris also co-founded Breaktime Media (FKA Dailybreak), a promotional media platform serving some of the biggest brands in the world . Breaktime Media raised $13M in venture capital and was acquired by Connelly Partners in 2014 . Boris was a finalist in the Ernst & Young Entrepreneur of the Year Awards Program and attended UMass Amherst .

Julian Jung

Julian is co-founder and partner of Game Theory Crypto Group . Julian is the founder of The Blockchain Brief, the popular newsletter focused on trends in the cryptocurrency industry . In 2013, Julian founded Tablelist, an online reservation and venue management platform for the hospitality industry . While CEO of Tablelist, Julian helped the company raise $7 .5M and grow to over 300 venue partners across 10 countries/32 cities .

Esprezzo Advisors

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LEGAL DISCLAIMER

This White Paper is for information purposes only and may be subject to change . We cannot guarantee the accuracy of the statements made or conclusions reached in this White Paper and we expressly disclaim all representations and warranties (whether express or implied by statute or otherwise) whatsoever, including but not limited to:

- any representations or warranties relating to merchantability, fitness for a particular purpose, suitability, wage, title or non-infringement;

- that the contents of this document are accurate and free from any errors; and

- that such contents do not infringe any third-party rights .

We shall have no liability for damages of any kind arising out of the use, reference to or reliance on the contents of this White Paper, even if advised of the possibility of damages arising . This White Paper may contain references to third party data and industry publications . As far as we are aware, the information reproduced in this White Paper is accurate and that the estimates and assumptions contained herein are reasonable . However, we offer no assurances as to the accuracy or completeness of this data . Although information and data reproduced in this White Paper are believed to have been obtained from reliable sources, we have not independently verified any of the information or data from third party sources referred to in this White Paper or ascertained the underlying assumptions relied upon by such sources .

As of the date of publication of this White Paper, EZPZ Tokens have no known or intended future use (other than on Exprezzo platforms, as more specifically defined in this White Paper).

No promises of future performance or value are or will be made with respect to EZPZ Tokens, including no promise of inherent value, no promise of continuing payments, and no guarantee that EZPZ Tokens will hold any particular value . Unless prospective participants fully understand and accept the nature of Esprezzo’s business and the potential risks associated with the acquisition, storing and transfer of EZPZ Tokens, they should not participate in the EZPZ TGE . EZPZ Tokens are not being structured or sold as securities or investments . EZPZ Tokens hold no rights and confer no interests in the equity of the company . EZPZ Tokens are sold with an intended future functionality and utility on Esprezzo’s platforms and all proceeds received during the TGE may be spent freely by Esprezzo as set forth on the development of its business and the underlying technological infrastructure .

This White Paper does not constitute a prospectus or disclosure document and is not an offer to sell, nor the solicitation of any offer to buy any investment or financial instrument in any jurisdiction . EZPZ Tokens should not be acquired for speculative or investment purposes with the expectation of making an investment return .

No regulatory authority has examined or approved any of the information set out in this White Paper . No such action has or will be taken under the laws, regulatory requirements or rules of any jurisdiction . The publication, distribution or dissemination of this White Paper does not imply that applicable laws or regulatory requirements have been complied with .

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Participation in the TGE and any pre-sales carries substantial risk and may involve special risks that could lead to a loss of all or a substantial portion of your contribution . Further information about the risks of participating in the TGE and the pre-sales are set out in the Offering Memorandum . Please ensure that you have read, understood and are prepared to accept the risks of participating in the TGE and the pre-sales before sending a contribution to us .

The pre-sales, the TGE and/or EZPZ Tokens could be impacted by regulatory action, including potential restrictions on the ownership, use, or possession of such tokens . Regulators or other competent authorities may demand that we revise the mechanics of the pre-sales, the TGE and/or the functionality of EZPZ Tokens in order to comply with regulatory requirements or other governmental or business obligations . Nevertheless, we believe we are taking commercially reasonable steps to ensure that the pres-sales, the TGE and issue of EZPZ Tokens do not violate applicable laws and regulations . The EZPZ allotments for the pre-sales and the TGE in this White Paper are prelminary and subject to change .

CAUTION REGARDING FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS

This White Paper contains forward-looking statements or information (collectively “forward- looking statements”) that relate to our current expectations of future events. In some cases, these forward-looking statements can be identified by words or phrases such as “may”, “will”, “expect”, “anticipate”, “aim”, “estimate”, “intend”, “plan”, “seek”, “believe”, “potential”, “continue”, “is/are likely to” or the negative of these terms, or other similar expressions intended to identify forward- looking statements . We have based these forward-looking statements on current projections about future events and financial trends that we believe may affect our financial condition, results of operations, business strategy, financial needs, or the results of the Token Sale .

In addition to statements relating to the matters set out here, this White Paper contains forward- looking statements related to the EZPZ Digital Networks proposed operating model . The model speaks to our objectives only, and is not a forecast, projection or prediction of future results of operations .

Forward-looking statements are based on certain assumptions and analysis made by EZPZ Digital Network in light of its experience, current conditions and expected future developments and other factors it believes are appropriate, and are subject to risks and uncertainties . Although the forward-looking statements contained in this White Paper are based upon what we believe are reasonable assumptions, there are risks, uncertainties, assumptions, and other factors which could cause EZPZ Digital Network’s actual results, performances, achievements and/or experiences to differ materially from the expectations expressed, implied, or perceived in forward-looking statements . Given such risks, prospective participants in the Token Sale and any pre-sales should not place undue reliance on these forward- looking statements .

Endnotes1 “Smart Contracts: The Blockchain Technology That Will Replace Lawyers” BlockGeeks https://blockgeeks .com/guides/smart-contracts/

2 “How Blockchain Technology Will Revolutionize App Distribution” Cryptocoins News https://www .cryptocoinsnews .com/how-blockchain-technology-will-revolutionize-app-distribution/

3 “Banking on Blockchain” Accenture https://www .accenture .com/us-en/insight-banking-on-blockchain

4 “Beyond Bitcoin” Deloitte Insights https://dupress .deloitte .com/dup-us-en/focus/signals-for-strategists/trends-blockchain-bitcoin-security-transparency .html?id=us:2el:3dc:dup1381:eng:dup:dcpromo#endnote-sup-18

5 “The Blockchain Developer Shortage: Emerging Trends and Perspectives” Bitcoin Magazine https://bitcoinmagazine .com/articles/the-blockchain-developer-shortage-emerging-trends-and-perspectives-1477930838/

6 avascript developer salaries and blockchain developer salaries, Glassdoor https://www .glassdoor .com/Salaries/javascript-developer-salary-SRCH_KO0,20 .htm, https://www .glassdoor .com/Salaries/blockchain-developer-salary-SRCH_KO0,20 .htm

7 “Ethereum won’t scale like you’ve been told” Yo Banjo https://medium .com/@yobanjo/ethereum-wont-scale-like-you-ve-been-told-cae445bef539

8 “Transaction Speeds: How Do Cryptocurrencies Stack Up to Visa and PayPal” Howmuch .net https://howmuch .net/articles/crypto-transaction-speeds-compared