Table of Contents

From the Organizers and Editors..................................................................................................... 9List of Participants in the Symposium............................................................................................. 10

I. North African littoral and the Sahara

Graeme BarkerThe UNESCO Libyan Valleys Survey: environmental change and human settlement inTripolitania................................................................................................................................ 15

Krystyna WasylikowaPlant macrofossils from the archaeological sites of Uan Muhuggiag and Ti-n-Torha, South-western Libya............................................................................................................................ 25

Mieczyslaw F. PazdurEvaluation of radiocarbon dates of organic samples from Uan Muhuggiag and Ti-n-Torha, Southwestern Libya ................................................................................. ... 43

J. Desmond ClarkThe Aterian of the Central Sahara .......................................... 49

Andrew B. SmithTerminal Palaeolithic industries of Sahara: a discussion of new data 69

Andrew B. SmithNew approaches to Saharan rock art of the Bovidian Period 77

RobertVernetLe Neolithique recent dans le sud-ouest du Sahara................................................................... 91

II. Eastem Sahara

Fred Wendorf, Romuald Schild and Angela E. CloseMiddle Palaeolithic occupations at Bir Tarfawi and Bir Sahara East, Western DesertofEgypt ....................................................................................................................................... 103

Angela E. CloseBT-14, a stratified Middle Palaeolithic site at Bir Tarfawi, Western Desert of Egypt ... 113

Achilles GautierThe faunal spectrum of the Middle Palaeolithic in Bir Tarfawi, Western Desert of Egypt . 123

Philip van PeerLevallois variability and the Middle Palaeolithic of the Lower Nile Valley and the Eastern Sahara ........................................................................................................................................... 129

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Andreas DrrrMANNEnvironmental and climatic change in the northem part of the Eastem Desert during MiddlePalaeolithic and Neolithic times............................................................................................. 145

Katharina NeumannHolocene vegetation of the Eastem Sahara: charcoal from prehistoric sites....................... 153

Barbara E. BarichCulture and environment between the Sahara and the Nile in the Early and Mid-Holocene..................................................................................... 171

Erwin CzieslaInvestigations into the archaeology of the Sitra-Hatiyet, Northwestern Egypt ............... 185

Mary M.A. McE)onaldCultural adaptations in Dakhleh Oasis, Egypt, in the Early to Mid-Holocene................... 199

Ian A. BrookesEarly Holocene basinal sediments of the Dakhleh Oasis region, Egypt (theses)............... 211

Rudolph KuperSahel in Egypt: environmental change and cultural development in the Abu Ballas area,Libyan Desert............................................................................................................................ 213

Joachim HahnNeolithic settlement pattems in the Gebel Kamil area, Southwestem Egypt ................... 225

WernerSchuckAn archaeological survey of the Selima Sandsheet, Sudan.................................................. 237

Stefan KropelinThe Gilf Kebir and Lower Wadi Howar: contrasting Early and Mid-Holocene environments in the Eastem Sahara................................................................................................................ 249

III. The Nile Delta, the Fayum and the Egyptian Nile Valley

JURGEN WUNDERLICHThe natural conditions for Pre- and Early Dynastic settlement in the Western Nile Deltaaround Tell el-Fara'in, Buto..................................................................................................... 259

Klaus SchmidtComments to the lithic industry of the Buto-Maadi culture in Lower Egypt ................... 267

Edwin C.M. van den BrinkSettlement pattems in the Northeastem Nile Delta during the fourth-second millen-nia B.C............................................................................................................................................ 279

Huib E. de WitThe evolution of the Eastem Nile Delta as a factor in the development of human culture . 305

Lech KrzyzaniakNew data on the late prehistoric settlement at Minshat Abu Omar, Eastem Nile Delta . . 321

Janusz K. Kozlowski and Boleslaw GinterHolocene changes in the Fayum: Lake Moeris and the evolution of climate in North-eastern Africa............................................................................................................................ 327

Pierre M. Vermeersch and Etienne PaulissenPalaeolithic chert quarrying and mining in Egypt.................................................................. 337

Maria LitynskaPlant remains from the Neolithic site at Armant: preliminary report ............................... 351

Maciej PawukowskiMineralogy of the Nile Valley sediments as an indicator of changes of climate: the Armant-Luxor area, Upper Egypt........................................................................................................ 355

Michael A. Hoffman and James O. MillsProblems of assessing environmental impact on the Predynastic settlements of Hierakonpolis............................................................................................................................ 359

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IV. The Sudan

BirgitKedingLeiterband sites in the Wadi Howar, North Sudan .............................................................. 371

Henri J. Dumont and Asim I. el MoghrabyHolocene evolution of climate and environment, and stone “city" ruins in Northem Darfur,Sudan: is there a relationship? ................................................................................................. 381

Louis Chaix and Annie GrantPalaeoenvironment and economy at Kerma, Northem Sudan, during the third millenniumB.C.:archaeozoologicalandbotanicalevidence...................................................................... 399

ISABELLA CANEVAPre-pastoral Middle Nile: local developments and Saharan contacts................................... 405

JorisPetersAnimal exploitation between the fifth and the sixth Cataract ca. 8,500-7,000 B.P.: a pre-liminary report on the faunas from E1 Damer, Abu Darbein and Aneibis........................... 413

KarimSadrEnvironmental change and the development of nomadism in the East-Central Sudan . . 421

Anthony E. MarksClimatic and cultural changes in the Southem Atbai, Sudan, from the fifth through thethird millennium B.C................................................................................................................... 431

Rodolfo FattovichThe Gash Group of the Eastem Sudan: an outline.................................................................. 439

V. The Hom of Africa

Baldur Gabriel, Bernd Voigt and Mumin Mohamud GhodQuatemary ecology in Northem Somalia: a preliminary field report ............................... 449

Mauro Coltorti and Margherita MussiHunter-gatherers of the Middle Juba Valley, Southern Somalia, during the Early Holocene 459

VI. Varia

Mieczyslaw F. Pazdur and Danuta J. MichczynskaProbabilistic calibration of radiocarbon dates with specific examples from NortheastemAfrica........................................................................................................................................... 473

Tsuyoshi FujimotoStudies of wear on grinding stones......................................................................................... 485

Maria Casini

Craft production in Lower Egypt during Late Predynastic times with special reference to Ma'adi................................................................................................................................... 491