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Table of Contents Allah s prophet After Muhammads death The different confessions of Islam The Islamic faith Faith articles Relationship with other religions Judaism Christianity

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Il profeta di Allah Muhammad (Muhmmad, priseworthy 570-632 d.C.), born in Mecca Bedouin provenience At the age of 40 he started to have religious visions and to proclaim Allahs faith Allah (in in Arab: , Allh) is the word throughout which God defines himself in Koran He gains popularity in the middle and poor class while finds opposition in the merchant class The local population, threatened economically by the adoption of a monotheistic religion make him leave He escapes to Yatrib in 622 a.d. : the Islamic calendar begins Mecca is newfound His preaching is diffused by Caliphs who contribute to the expansion of Islam

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After Muhammads death Three different types of orientation Prophets fellows: the caliph (khaliffa succession) must be picked between the first followers of the prophet Legitimists: they refused the preceding principle, they wanted to pick one of the closest relatives of the prophet Omayades: esponents of the richer class of the city (Mecca), they wanted to decide who to pick between their members The first two caliphs (Abu Bakr e Omar) belong to the first group, the third, Utman, gets killed by Al, Muhammads cousin and brother in law Schism: election of an anti-caliph (Muawiya, from Omayades), 655 d.C. Sciites literaly Als party Sunnites Muawiyas party

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The different confessions of Islam Sunnites 83% of Muslims; the governments funds on the popular consensus, with the mediation of the Caliph. Apparently do not support extremism. Wahhabiti; the more extreme faction of the Sunnites Sciites 10% of Muslims. The Imam rules, a successor of Al. They represent the most radical and intolerant group. They exalt the value of martyrdom. All the Muslim people observe Kuran and the 5 pillars: the shahadah (creed), (2) daily prayers (salat), (3) almsgiving (zakah), (4) fasting during Ramadan and (5) the pilgrimage to Mecca (hajj). However several divisions came out after the dispute in determining the first Caliph

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The Islamic faith The Islamic faith is centred on Allah, unique god, creator and judge, compassionate and selfless Social religion: the observance of the rules is worthier than the personal experience Sharia: means route, indicates a law or a ritual rule and corresponds to gods will Sources: Kuran: reunites all the revelations god gave Muhammad; it is divided in 114 sure Sunna : oral transmission of prophets deeds

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Faith articles Believe in Allah, only creator and judge, guide and support, preserver and destroyer, selfless and benevolent Believe in the existence of the angels, supernatural creatures, made of light Believe in the books: the Kuran is the integral text of the truth of Islam Believe in the prophetic mission of Muhammads and his predecessor Believe in the life after death and in predestination

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Islam and Judaism Islam pretends to be the last revelation, and therefore, the final monotheistic religions Islam incorporates Jewish history in its own Moses is considered a prophet There are Judaic references in Kuran Both consider Abraham a prophet Both considered their texts as revelations They have in common principles of charity and fasting Food laws (some foods are prohibited) Idolatry is strictly forbidden The concept of original sin is not taken into consideration

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Islam and Christianity They both are monotheistic religions According to Muslims Jesus is a prophet but not a god Abraham is considered a prophet God is creator of man whose goal is to reach a final state of love Different interpretation of life after death The Kuran is the writing of gods will directly while the New testament is filtered In the Islamic religion theres a closer bond between social law and religion