table 5: specific gravity of ash (astm c 311/c 188)

Center for

By-Products

Utilization

TEST RESULTS FOR STORA ENSO NORTH

AMERICA’S BIRON MILL #4 AND #5 FLY ASH

By Tarun R. Naik and Rudolph N. Kraus

Report No. CBU-2002-31

REP-483

November 2002

Submitted to Dr. F. Andrew Gilbert, Jr., Corporate Environmental Engineer, Stora Enso North

America, Wisconsin Rapids, WI

Department of Civil Engineering and Mechanics

College of Engineering and Applied Science

THE UNIVERSITY OF WISCONSIN-MILWAUKEE

UWM Center for By-Products Utilization

BIRON #4 – BIRON #5

RE-EVALUATION

UNIT WEIGHT, VOIDS, AND SPECIFIC GRAVITY


Table 1: Unit Weight and Voids

(Tests conducted on as-received samples per modified ASTM C 29)

Source

Unit Weight

(lbs/ft3)

Voids

(%) Actual

Average

Actual

Average

Biron #4

23.7

23.8

85.2

85.2 23.6 85.3

24.1 85.0

Biron #5

11.1

11.3

93.1

93.0 11.6 92.8

11.3 93.0

Table 2: Specific Gravity of Biron Ash (ASTM C 311/C 188)

Fly Ash Source

Specific Gravity

Actual

Average

Biron #4

2.56

2.57 2.58

2.56

Biron #5

2.61

2.59 2.59

2.58



RE-EVALUATION

ASTM C 618 CHEMICAL PROPERTIES


Table 3: Physical Properties of Biron

Analysis Parameter Material ASTM C 618 Requirements

Biron #4 Biron #5 Class N

Class C

Class F

Retained on No. 325

Sieve (%) 4.0 49.7

--

34 max.

34 max.

Strength Activity Index

with Cement (% of

Control)*

3-day

7-day

14-day

28-day

100

97.4

99.8

105.3

84.5

68.0

64.7

73.3

--

--

75 min.

75 min.

--

--

75 min.

75 min.

--

--

75 min.

75 min. Water Requirement*,

(% of Control) 104.1 109.9

115

max.

105

max.

105

max.

* Material passing No. 100 Sieve used for tests.


Table 4: Chemical Analysis of Biron Ash

Analysis Parameter Material ASTM C 618 Requirements

Biron #4 Biron #5 Class N

Class C

Class F

Silicon Dioxide, SiO2 35.0 16.9

--

--

--

Aluminum Oxide,

Al2O3 15.0 10.2

--

--

--

Iron Oxide, Fe2O3 19.5 4.3

--

--

-- SiO2 + Al2O3 + Fe2O3 69.5 31.4

70.0

Min.

50.0

Min.

70.0

Min.

Calcium Oxide, CaO 2.7 32.6

--

--

--

Magnesium Oxide,

MgO 1.0 6.2

--

--

-- Titanium Oxide, TiO2 1.3 0.5

--

--

--

Potassium Oxide, K2O 3.1 3.4

--

--

--

Sodium Oxide, Na2O 1.4 3.3

--

--

--

Sulfate, SO3 4.3 13.0

4.0,

Max.

5.0,

Max.

5.0,

Max. Loss on Ignition, LOI

(@ 750 C) 17.6 14.5

10.0,

Max.*

6.0,

Max.*

6.0,

Max.*

Moisture Content 0.1 0.0

3.0,

Max.

3.0,

Max.

3.0,

Max.

Available Alkali,

Na2O Equivalent

(ASTM C-311)

2.2 -- 1.5,

Max.**

1.5,

Max.**

1.5,

Max.**

* Under certain circumstances, up to 12.0% max. LOI may be allowed.

** Optional. Required for ASR Minimization.



RE-EVALUATION

CHEMICAL COMPOSITION


Table 5: Mineralogy of Biron Ash

MINERALOGY (% by Weight)

Analysis Parameter Biron #4 Biron #5 Amorphous 88.3 86.3 Calcite, CaCO3 -- 3.7 Hematite, Fe2O3 3.7 --

Lime, CaO -- 2.9 Magnetite, Fe3O4 4.9 2.0 Quartz, SiO2 3.1 1.9



RE-EVALUATION

ELEMENTAL ANALYSIS


Table 6: Elemental Analysis (As-Received Sample)

ELEMENTAL (BULK CHEMICAL) ANALYSIS

(Average of two samples unless noted otherwise)

Element

Material

Biron #4 Biron #5

Aluminum (Al) 67543.8 < 12782.5

Antimony (Sb) 60.5 < 3.8

Arsenic (As) 3960.4 456.9

Barium (Ba) 149.6 < 1046.8

Bromine (Br) < 2.1 54.6

Cadmium (Cd) < 5326.6 < 5966.2

Calcium (Ca) < 1070.9 < 3159.1

Cerium (Ce) 30.4 47.3

Cesium (Cs) 16.5 2.0

Chlorine (Cl) < 184.7 < 1020.7

Chromium (Cr) 156.5 30.2

Cobalt (Co) 35.5 15.1

Copper (Cu) < 372.5 < 489.1

Dysprosium (Dy) < 5.0 < 11.2

* Detection Limit Indicated by "<"


Table 6 (Continued): Elemental Analysis (As-Received Sample)



Element

Material

Biron #4 Biron #5

Europium (Eu) 1.3 1.8

Gallium (Ga) < 415.2 < 962.8

Gold (Au) 0.0 0.1

Hafnium (Hf) 6.4 4.0

Holmium (Ho) < 16.7 < 22.4

Indium (In) 0.7 < 0.9

Iodine (I) < 11.9 < 27.6

Iridium (Ir) < 0.0 < 0.0

Iron (Fe) 122486.2 22507.0

Lanthanum (La) 37.5 < 1.0

Lutetium (Lu) 3.4 0.8

Magnesium (Mg) 6083.2 < 5112.6

Manganese (Mn) 3067.4 < 12173.4

Mercury (Hg) < 1.3 < 1.8






Element

Material

Biron #4 Biron #5 Molybdenum (Mo) 274.7 < 279.2

Neodymium (Nd) 31.9 17.8

Nickel (Ni) < 4678.7 < 5300.2

Palladium (Pd) < 631.9 < 1489.1

Potassium (K) 33188.9 63164.5

Praseodymium (Pr) < 93.7 < 133.3

Rhenium (Re) <384.3 < 400.7

Rubidium (Rb) 297.4 177.9

Ruthenium (Ru) 13.2 147.8

Samarium (Sm) 15.8 8.0

Scandium (Sc) 21.3 5.5

Selenium (Se) 742.1 674.8

Silver (Ag) < 28.0 < 31.3

Sodium (Na) 3843.3 < 11021.2






Element

Material

Biron #4 Biron #5

Strontium (Sr) < 47.5 406.2

Tantalum (Ta) 1.0 < 1.1

Tellurium (Te) 3.5 < 1.2

Terbidium (Tb) < 0.9 < 1.4

Thorium (Th) 10.0 6.8

Thulium (Tm) 17.2 13.5

Tin (Sn) < 762.3 < 862.1

Titanium (Ti) 6219.6 < 1810.7

Tungsten (W) 31.7 < 9.2

Uranium (U) 102.9 16.9

Vanadium (V) 626.3 < 43.6

Ytterbium (Yb) 13.3 3.3

Zinc (Zn) < 68.1 1203.7

Zirconium (Zr) < 305.6 < 335.9




RE-EVALUATION

SCANNING ELECTRON MICROGRAPHS


FIGURE 1: Stora Enso Biron #4 Ash, FIGURE 2: Stora Enso Biron #4 Ash,

100X Magnification 500X Magnification



table 5: specific gravity of ash (astm c 311/c 188)

Documents