table 3: total rainfall statistics over all months and

41

Table 3: Total rainfall statistics over all months and years for all stations

Address Statistic 1639 Caoura Rd 1582 Caoura Rd 1095 Caoura

Rd 593 Caoura Rd Kettles Lane Tallong Village 1183 Highland

Way 957 Highland

Way

Name Charles Onslow Black Darda Kettle BOM Woods Leese

Monthly Mean 79.6 62.7 64.5 59.7 57.4 59.9 63.4 61.3

Median 52.5 43.7 47.9 45.5 41.6 45.6 49.8 45.5

Maximum 595.6 479.0 305.2 260.1 261.5 470.6 308.0 254.5

Max Date May 1943 March 1995 June 2013 June 2007 June 2007 May 1925 June 2007 June 2007

Decile 1 10.9 8.5 14.07 15.8 14.0 9.6 16.5 17.0

Decile 9 177.5 129.8 130.3 128.5 110.5 124.7 123.0 139.6

Annual Mean 965.2 863.2 774.1 691.1 688.6 719.3 760.9 735.4

Median 910.6 834.1 748.8 663.6 654.8 668.0 735.5 699.0

Maximum 2028.2 1609.1 998.7 983.3 951.5 1187.6 1097.0 1046.5

Max Year 1950 1978 2013 2007 2007 1900 2007 2007

Database

1919 to 1991 1991 to 2009 2004 to 2013 1999 to 2013 1992 to 2013 1895 to 1936 2002 to 2013 2001 to 2013

42

Table 3 continued: Total rainfall statistics over all months and years for all stations

Address Statistic 432 Longpoint

Rd 66 Railway

Parade 100 Mulwaree

Dr 467 Mulwaree

Dr BOM_Caoura

Rd Boral_ Wingello

Name Montgomery Botticchio Eyers Clark

South Marulan

Monthly Mean 62.2 64.7 63.9 60.8 77.6 58.1 77.4

Median 47.1 51.0 49.5 45.9 52.0 44.8 62.5

Maximum 403.6 271.5 263.0 268.7 567.4 228.5 320.0

Max Date March 1978 June 2013 June 2007 June 2007 February 1960 June 2013 February 2013

Decile 1 13.4 15.1 16.0 20.6 9.0 19.6 20.5

Decile 9 142.6 131.7 116.9 128.3 168.9 108.5 144.5

Annual Mean 740.1 776.6 696.7 729.5 931.0 726.7 929.3

Median 734.1 712.8 693.0 728.0 851.0 739.3 864.0

Maximum 1372.1 1064.3 911.0 943.3 1734.9 917.0 1087.0

Max Year 1974 2007 2007 2007 1950 2010 2013

Database

1966 to 2013 1998 to 2013 2003 to 2011 2006 to 2013 1919 to 1974 2008-2013 2011-2013

43

Table 4: Monthly rainfall statistics over all years for all stations

Month Observation Jan Feb Mar Apr May June July August Sept Oct Nov Dec

Station Name Duration

Statistic Mean

Charles 1919 to 1991 95.2 105.4 96.2 83.9 85.2 92.5 58.2 52.9 55.5 78.3 72.4 79.9

Onslow 1991 to 2009 76.8 107.7 81.7 32.4 42.6 79.2 36.6 48.9 59.2 54.0 74.6 61.0

Black 2004 to 2013 72.6 115.0 64.5 58.2 29.6 107.2 30.6 28.5 39.1 57.8 88.9 82.2

Darda 1999 to 2013 59.3 111.9 70.1 35.8 27.9 75.4 36.0 36.6 43.3 59.1 76.8 82.1

Kettle 1992 to 2013 61.1 104.5 61.1 40.0 37.2 69.7 39.0 37.4 38.8 53.4 73.7 72.6 Tallong Village - BOM 1895 to 1936 67.7 60.5 70.5 53.7 62.4 64.1 70.7 44.5 46.8 52.3 46.9 70.7

Eyers 2003 to 2011 58.9 107.3 50.7 30.0 41.3 73.1 34.0 31.0 41.1 60.2 85.9 83.1

Clark 2006 to 2013 59.4 132.5 66.4 39.1 35.7 103.4 34.6 30.5 37.5 43.6 68.9 78.0

Botticchio 1998 to 2013 64.1 130.5 79.4 43.6 32.3 79.6 44.6 36.3 43.7 67.1 79.8 81.8

Leese 2001 to 2013 59.9 125.0 77.5 37.2 33.5 72.2 37.6 31.1 40.5 62.4 79.3 79.3

Woods 2002 to 2013 70.3 146.4 69.6 37.5 36.9 84.5 36.0 34.7 42.8 48.3 82.5 71.5

Montgomery 1966 to 2013 74.4 84.6 72.0 59.0 54.1 64.1 40.0 51.0 46.2 60.4 73.3 60.5

South Marulan 2008 to 2013 66.6 132.3 72.3 45.4 38.3 72.8 26.1 32.7 38.6 55.2 58.5 88.0

Wingello 2011 to 2013 65.3 251.0 85.7 63.3 48.7 158.0 27.3 27.3 47.0 44.0 73.0 38.7

Statistic Median

Charles 1919 to 1991 86.7 80.8 68.6 65.3 45.5 48.0 34.0 31.5 40.6 54.9 56.4 61.5

Onslow 1991 to 2009 81.5 109.8 58.5 23.0 21.3 41.5 27.5 27.0 52.0 37.5 70.8 53.0

Black 2004 to 2013 77.4 108.2 50.8 40.4 21.9 73.6 29.2 21.8 42.9 58.2 58.2 77.3

Darda 1999 to 2013 56.8 99.7 55.0 32.9 22.5 45.8 27.8 33.6 39.6 45.8 65.8 63.0

Kettle 1992 to 2013 65.0 93.0 50.5 30.0 28.0 51.0 29.5 30.0 39.0 41.3 70.0 62.5 Tallong Village - BOM 1895 to 1936 50.6 38.8 47.8 49.6 34.1 48.7 43.3 28.9 39.5 40.1 46.4 70.3

44

Table 4 continued: Monthly rainfall statistics over all years for all stations


Statistic Median

Eyers 2003 to 2011 60.0 117.0 55.0 23.0 41.0 46.0 29.0 29.0 39.0 59.0 83.0 74.0

Clark 2006 to 2013 62.4 138.8 47.7 37.7 34.8 70.3 33.4 28.3 38.2 45.5 49.0 65.6

Botticchio 1998 to 2013 68.0 122.5 62.0 43.0 22.5 52.0 32.0 30.0 43.0 44.0 59.5 60.5

Leese 2001 to 2013 51.5 112.0 55.0 29.5 28.5 56.5 30.0 22.5 38.0 50.0 73.0 58.0

Woods 2002 to 2013 66.0 127.0 66.0 42.5 23.5 54.5 33.0 28.0 42.0 41.0 76.0 70.0

Montgomery 1966 to 2013 66.0 73.7 51.0 41.0 40.3 34.8 30.0 32.3 42.8 56.0 68.0 48.8

South Marulan 2008 to 2013 67.8 151.3 42.3 43.3 23.5 37.0 23.8 37.8 35.3 51.8 47.5 76.8

Wingello 2011 to 2013 64.0 304.0 70.0 63.0 47.0 84.0 25.0 13.0 53.0 26.0 75.0 37.0

Month Observation Jan Feb Mar Apr May June July August Sept Oct Nov Dec


Statistic Maximum/Year

Charles 1919 to 1991 258.1/1972 541.5/1956 499.4/1978 246.0/1974 595.6/1943 426.0/1922 472.4/1922 283.2/1938 284.7/1951 349.3/1959 412.5/1961 274.1/1920

Onslow 1991 to 2009 139.4/1992 262.0/2001 479.0/1995 105.0/1974 158.0/1995 426.0/1997 129.5/2001 365.5/1998 139.0/1995 142.0/1999 185.5/2007 136.4/1991

Black 2004 to 2013 111.3/2006 228.6/2013 198.8/2012 171.1/2004 78.0/2010 305.2/2013 54.0/2006 69.4/2011 79.5/2013 111.0/2004 185.8/2005 205.1/2010

Darda 1999 to 2013 109.0/2006 200.4/2013 223.3/2012 93.3/2009 89.7/2003 260.1/2007 89.5/1999 67.0/2001 75.8/2005 210.8/1999 181.2/2007 215.4/2010

Kettle 1992 to 2013 127.3/2006 203.0/2012 177.0/2012 100.1/1994 91.4/1992 261.5/2007 98.0/1999 164.0/1998 81.0/2005 192.0/1999 176.0/2007 241.0/2010

Tallong Village - BOM 1895 to 1936 339.3/1911 306.8/1898 342.4/1914 180.4/1927 470.6/1925 210.0/1925 306.8/1922 244.4/1899 124.7/1916 273.5/1916 142.4/1917 238.0/1920

Eyers 2003 to 2011 116.0/2006 163.0/2007 95.0/2003 102.0/2009 105.0/2003 263.0/2007 60.0/2006 62.0/2011 89.0/2005 123.0/2004 159.0/2007 182.0/2010

Clark 2006 to 2013 118.2/2006 211.4/2003 202.4/2012 89.2/2009 70.0/2010 268.7/2007 59.6/2006 58.5/2011 60.4/2013 83.9/2008 157.0/2007 194.7/2010

Botticchio 1998 to 2013 132.0/2006 228.0/2013 255.5/2012 128.5/2009 111.0/2003 271.5/2013 97.5/2005 83.5/2010 68.5/2005 238.5/1999 192.5/2007 217.0/2010

Leese 2001 to 2013 140.0/2006 214.5/2013 240.5/2012 118.0/2009 111.0/2003 254.5/2007 80.0/1999 69.0/2001 77.0/2005 219.5/1999 189.5/2007 191.0/2010

Woods 2002 to 2013 155.5/2006 274.0/2013 141.5/2012 75.5/2009 107.5/2003 308.0/2007 86.5/2001 76.0/2001 91.0/2004 119.5/2004 171.5/2007 162.0/2010

Montgomery 1966 to 2013 214.6/1976 225.6/1971 403.6/1978 262.1/1974 149.9/1974 290.1/2007 139.8/1991 245.1/1974 144.0/1967 189.5/1976 190.8/1969 210.3/2010

South Marulan 2008 to 2013 91.5/2013 188.0/2010 210.0/2012 78.0/2009 108.5/2010 228.5/2013 40.0/2011 49.5/2011 58.0/2013 99.5/2008 108.5/2010 205.5/2010

Wingello 2011 to 2013 87.0/2013 320.0/2013 160.0/2012 65.0/2013 84.0/2011 310.0/2013 39.0/2011 67.0/2011 65.0/2013 81.0/2011 84.0/2013 47.0/2011

45

Table 5: The frequency if occurrence of rainfall rates (mm/hr) in the Tallong region

Date

Station Start End Rainfall Rates (mm/hr) Number

0.0-0.5 0.5-1.0 1.0-1.5 1.5-2.0 2.0-3.0 3.0-4.0 4.0-5.0 5.0-6.0 > 6. of Observations

Peppertree Quarry 230212 170414 47.46 16.82 8.72 7.06 8.52 4.47 1.56 1.77 3.63 963 Boral South Marulan 010108 030414 52.12 15.93 9.30 6.06 5.99 3.84 1.95 1.36 3.44 3020

Mulwaree Drive 121211 130414 56.86 16.90 5.81 5.75 6.29 2.64 1.68 1.80 2.28 1669

Table 6: Statistics on the high rainfall rates (> 6 mm/hr)

Rainfall rates (mm/hr)

Station

Statistic Peppertree

Quarry Boral South Marulan Mulwaree

Drive

Average 9.5 10.6 9.4

Median 8.0 9.3 7.2

Decile 1 7.0 6.5 6.6

Decile 9 13.8 16.5 12.6

Maximum 24.0 34.5 35.0

46

Table 7: Examples of simultaneous observations of high rainfall rates (mm/hr)

Daily

Station Date

15 minute index

Rainfall rates (mm/hr)

Peppertree Quarry 231212 64 24.0 Boral South Marulan 231212 64 23.5

Mulwaree Drive 231212 64 7.2

Peppertree Quarry 240213 80 10.0 Boral South Marulan 240213

0.0

Mulwaree Drive 240213 80 35.0

47

Table 8: Specific days of high rainfall observations

Date - Year 2012 2013

Month February March February June

Day 3 1 8 23 24 23 and 24 25 24 25 26

Station

Onslow

Wingello 35.0 73.0 56.0 124.0 124.0 55.0 28.0 120.0 108.0

Black 28.8 62.4 48.0 28.0 96.0 124.0 28.2 26.4 142.0 74.0

Woods 36.0 14.0 56.0 22.0 107.0 129.0 45.0 37.0 100.0 78.0

Darda 26.0 7.3 * 17.1 97.0 114.1 31.8 32.0 110.0 41.0

Leese 28.0 71.0 46.0 23.5 88.5 112.0 33.5 16.0 108.0 68.0

Botticchio 33.0 73.0 64.0 20.0 93.0 113.0 42.0 29.0 104.0 69.0

Clark 28.3 66.8 44.5 16.0 70.0 86.0 43.5 20.2 94.0 69.0

Kettle 36.0 38.0 49.0 16.0 92.0 108.0 35.0 38.0 108.0 41.0

Montgomery 36.0 71.5 12.8 134.0 134.0 17.0 19.5 109.5 54.8

Peppertree 23.0* 64.5 39.0 10.5 94.0 104.5 12.0 15.5 98.0 41.0

Boral Cement 26.0 73.5 38.0 10.5 91.0 101.5 5.0 14.0 112.5 48.0

* next to Boral Cement *= Not available

station

48

Table 8 continued: Specific days of high rainfall observations

Date - Year 2014

Month March August

Day 25 17 18 19 Total 26 27 Total

Station

Onslow 52.0

Wingello 90.0

Black 36.0** 21.0 96.0 8.6 125.6 31.0 31.6 62.6

Woods 85.0 19.0 100.0 10.0 129.0 51.0 41.0 92.0

Darda 71.5 18.0 77.0 7.8 102.8 32.5 26.0 58.5

Leese 75.0 * * * * *

Botticchio 74.0 110.0 14.0 124.0 29.0 56.0 85.0

Clark 62.0 13.8 86.3 10.1 110.2 24.0 48.7 72.7

Kettle 75.0

110.0 ? 110.0 61.0 61.0**

Montgomery 76.5 53.5 48.0 5.5 107.0 52.0 52.0

Peppertree 66.5 12.5 76.5 5.0 94.0 20.5 27.0 47.5

Boral Cement 69.0 14.5 80.0 4.5 99.0 24.5 25.0 49.5

** nearby *= Not available

49

Table 9: Operating periods for the automatic weather stations in the Tallong region

Automatic weather station operating periods

Station Start Date End Date

Clark 12/12/2011 11/06/2014

Boral Cement 1/01/2008 11/06/2014

Peppertree Quarry 23/02/2012 11/06/2014

50

Table 10: Comparison of the Peppertree Quarry and Boral Cement meteorological data

Differences between Peppertree Quarry and Boral Cement meteorological data Differences between Peppertree and

Clark

Dates <22-02-2012

Dates > 22-02-2012 Dates 23-02-2012 to 11-06-2014

Same Location

Separate Locations

Absolute Differences (Boral Cement - Peppertree) Absolute Differences (Peppertree-Clark)

Average S.D. No. of Obs

Average S.D. No. of Obs Average S.D. No. of Obs

Temperature (°C) 0.16 0.17 27925

0.48 0.50 19454 0.97 0.81 76084

Speed (m/s) 0.30 0.29 25755

3.13 3.47 19154 2.72 1.45 60227

Direction (°) 8.88 11.11 25755

17.55 22.34 19154 34.13 32.62 60227

Direction S.D. (°) 4.66 6.00 25755

8.63 7.42 19154

Rain (mm) 0.03 0.31 27925

0.04 0.24 20160 0.02 0.18 78906

Actual Differences (Boral Cement - Peppertree) Actual Differences (Peppertree-Clark)

Average S.D. No. of Obs

Average S.D. No. of Obs Average S.D. No. of Obs

Temperature (°C) -0.09 0.21 27925

-0.19 0.67 19454 0.44 1.19 76084

Speed (m/s) -0.12 0.40 25755

2.30 4.07 19154 2.71 1.46 60227

Direction (°) -4.96 13.33 25755

1.18 28.39 19154 -1.12 47.20 60227

Direction S.D. (°) -3.04 6.96 25755

4.25 10.56 19154 78906

Rain (mm) 0.01 0.31 27925

0.01 0.24 20160 0.00 0.18 78906

Total obs 27926

20183

Total obs 78906 No. of calms Boral Cement 2042

667

No. of calms Peppertree 4376

No. of calms Peppertree 466 461 No. of calms Clark 17822

51

Table 11: Atmospheric pressure variations at Tallong

Tallong at 1.2m Dates : 121211 to 110614

Atmospheric Pressure (hPa)

Time (EST.)

Month 0000-0300 0300-0600 0600-0900 0900-1200 1200-1500 1500-1800 1800-2100 2100-2400 Average Extreme

Minimum Maximum Minimum Maximum

January 1012.7 1012.8 1013.8 1013.1 1011.6 1011.0 1012.8 1013.5 1009.4 1016.0 990.7 1025.2

6.0 6.2 6.2 6.3 6.1 6.1 6.1 6.1 standard deviations

1116 1116 1116 1116 1116 1116 1116 1116 number of observations February 1014.3 1014.2 1015.5 1015.3 1013.9 1013.3 1014.8 1015.4 1012.0 1017.2 996.1 1025.0


1020 1020 1020 1020 1020 1020 1020 1020 number of observations March 1017.4 1017.2 1018.4 1018.3 1016.6 1016.1 1017.6 1018.2 1014.8 1020.2 1001.2 1027.5


1116 1116 1116 1116 1116 1116 1116 1116 number of observations April 1019.2 1019.0 1020.2 1020.0 1018.2 1018.1 1019.5 1020.0 1016.9 1021.8 1003.7 1035.3


1080 1080 1080 1080 1080 1080 1080 1080 number of observations May 1018.5 1018.4 1019.0 1018.9 1017.4 1017.4 1018.5 1019.0 1016.3 1021.0 995.2 1036.8


1116 1116 1116 1116 1116 1116 1116 1116 number of observations June 1021.2 1020.9 1021.8 1021.9 1020.2 1020.4 1021.5 1021.7 1018.6 1024.0 998.3 1033.2


852 852 852 852 852 852 852 852 number of observations July 1023.7 1023.3 1024.4 1024.6 1022.8 1022.9 1024.1 1024.4 1021.4 1026.3 1005.0 1037.5


744 744 744 743 744 744 744 744 number of observations August 1017.1 1016.6 1017.6 1017.5 1015.9 1016.0 1017.4 1017.7 1014.0 1020.1 1003.0 1028.4


732 732 732 732 732 732 732 732 number of observations September 1016.5 1016.1 1017.0 1016.5 1014.9 1014.9 1016.6 1017.1 1013.1 1019.6 997.2 1034.3


720 720 720 720 720 720 720 720 number of observations October 1016.0 1015.8 1016.8 1016.4 1014.8 1014.5 1016.3 1016.9 1012.2 1020.0 996.9 1033.2


744 744 744 744 744 744 744 744 number of observations November 1014.6 1014.6 1015.5 1014.8 1013.4 1013.3 1015.0 1015.6 1011.7 1017.7 1000.9 1029.0


720 720 720 720 720 720 720 720 number of observations December 1013.4 1013.4 1014.4 1013.9 1012.5 1012.0 1013.7 1014.4 1010.3 1016.9 993.1 1029.3


984 984 984 984 984 984 984 984 number of observations

52

Table 12: Dry Bulb Temperature variations at Tallong

Tallong Dates: 121211 to 110614

Dry Bulb Temperature at 1.2m (°C)

Time (EST) Month 0000-0300 0300-0600 0600-0900 0900-1200 1200-1500 1500-1800 1800-2100 2100-2400 Average Extreme


January 14.9 14.0 17.7 23.9 26.6 24.7 19.4 16.4 12.8 28.2 2.5 40.1



February 14.6 13.9 15.9 20.9 22.8 21.3 17.4 15.5 12.7 24.6 5.7 39.4


1020 1020 1020 1020 1020 1020 1020 1020 number of observations March 13.3 12.6 14.0 19.1 21.3 20.0 15.9 14.1 11.4 22.6 3.6 30.1



April 9.9 9.1 10.3 16.4 18.8 16.9 12.7 10.9 7.7 20.0 -0.2 28.0



May 5.5 4.8 5.8 12.9 15.7 13.3 8.5 6.8 3.2 16.5 -2.7 23.3



June 5.3 5.0 5.3 9.3 11.4 9.8 6.7 5.5 3.1 12.4 -4.3 16.5


852 852 852 852 852 852 852 852 number of observations July 3.7 3.3 3.8 9.1 12.0 9.9 5.9 4.6 1.4 12.9 -5.3 17.4



August 4.1 3.4 4.9 10.9 12.9 11.1 6.8 5.0 1.3 14.1 -4.5 20.3



September 7.0 6.0 8.6 15.5 17.9 16.1 11.1 8.7 4.4 19.2 -3.9 25.6



October 8.3 6.9 11.7 18.1 20.4 18.6 12.8 9.9 5.1 21.8 -2.6 32.1


744 744 744 744 744 744 743 744 number of observations November 10.9 9.9 14.5 20.0 22.1 19.8 14.9 12.4 8.8 23.5 1.2 36.0



December 13.0 12.3 16.3 21.5 23.9 22 17.1 14.3 10.9 25.5 1.6 38.2



53

Table 13: Minimum temperatures in the region during August, 2014

Minimum Temperatures (°C)

Tallong Peppertree Boral South Marulan Goulburn

Height 1.2m 2m 1.2m 1.2m

August 2 -0.2 1.2 0.6 -0.2

3 -6.2 -3.9 -5.3 -7.0

4 -5.0 -3.5 -4.5 -7.3

5 -4.3 -0.8 -2.3 -4.9

6 -5.2 -2.6 -3.3 -6.5

7 -1.7 0.0 -0.6 -4.4

8 -3.8 -1.7 -3.2 -5.2

9 4.3 0.6 -0.7 -4.5

10 5.7 6.0 5.8 0.1

11 -4.1 -2.8 -3.1 -7.8

12 -5.2 -4.8 -5.3 -9.1

13 -1.6 0.1 -1.3 -5.8

14 -5.9 -3.6 -4.4 -8.0

15 -1.3 -0.1 -0.4 -3.3

16 -0.2 0.5 -0.2 -0.6

54

Table 14: Temperature difference (2-10m) data from Peppertree Quarry

Peppertree Quarry Dates :230212 to 110614

Dry Bulb Temperature Difference (°C)

Time (EST.)

Month 0000-0300 0300-0600 0600-0900 0900-1200 1200-1500 1500-1800 1800-2100 2100-2400 Average Extreme


January 0.3 0.4 -0.1 -0.7 -0.8 -0.4 0.2 0.3 -1.1 0.9 -1.6 3.4


720 693 730 742 744 744 744 738 number of observations February 0.3 0.3 0.0 -0.4 -0.4 -0.1 0.2 0.3 -0.7 0.8 -1.5 4.0


692 652 692 756 756 755 740 726 number of observations March 0.4 0.4 0.1 -0.3 -0.3 0.0 0.4 0.4 -0.6 0.9 -1.5 2.8


967 883 948 1095 1114 1104 1094 1017 number of observations April 0.6 0.6 0.3 -0.2 -0.3 0.2 0.6 0.6 -0.5 1.3 -1.3 3.9


857 862 858 1064 1079 1075 1037 912 number of observations May 0.9 0.9 0.5 -0.1 -0.3 0.3 0.8 0.9 -0.5 1.8 -1.3 4.7


707 687 740 887 893 879 842 784 number of observations June 0.6 0.5 0.4 0.0 -0.1 0.3 0.6 0.6 -0.4 1.3 -1.1 3.1


576 561 640 704 703 685 636 605 number of observations July 0.8 0.7 0.5 -0.1 -0.2 0.3 0.7 0.7 -0.4 1.6 -1.0 3.2


693 679 695 740 742 742 714 699 number of observations August 0.8 0.8 0.5 -0.3 -0.3 0.2 0.7 0.8 -0.6 1.7 -1.2 3.9


709 703 705 732 732 732 723 722 number of observations September 0.8 0.8 0.3 -0.4 -0.4 0.1 0.6 0.8 -0.7 1.6 -1.4 3.1


680 659 688 720 720 719 717 700 number of observations October 0.7 0.8 0.0 -0.5 -0.5 0.0 0.6 0.7 -0.8 1.6 -1.4 3.2


723 719 731 744 744 743 736 722 number of observations November 0.5 0.5 -0.2 -0.7 -0.7 -0.2 0.3 0.4 -1.0 1.1 -2.0 2.8


660 662 708 720 720 720 720 707 number of observations December 0.4 0.4 -0.2 -0.7 -0.8 -0.4 0.3 0.4 -1.1 1.1 -1.6 3.2



55

Table 15: Temperature inversions (2-10m) vs wind directions at Peppertree Quarry


Temperature Inversions (°C) (2-10m) vs.Wind directions

DIRECTION 0.0-0.2 0.2-0.4 0.4-0.6 0.6-0.8 0.8-1.0 1.0-1.2 1.2-1.4 >1.4 TOTAL

N 0.83 1.2 0.79 0.48 0.2 0.2 0.05 0.11 3.87

NNE 0.83 0.97 0.31 0.15 0.03 0.03 0.01 0.01 2.36

NE 0.76 0.84 0.25 0.1 0.02 0.02 0.01 0.01 2.02

ENE 1.55 1.37 0.48 0.25 0.08 0.06 0.01 0.02 3.83

E 3.63 2.32 0.91 0.42 0.13 0.09 0.02 0.04 7.55

ESE 3.64 1.24 0.41 0.2 0.11 0.08 0.05 0.06 5.78

SE 2.81 1.15 0.48 0.23 0.07 0.06 0.04 0.03 4.88

SSE 2.1 0.99 0.35 0.11 0.07 0.03 0.01 0.03 3.69

S 0.92 0.54 0.26 0.1 0.06 0.06 0.02 0.05 2.01

SSW 0.63 0.56 0.39 0.1 0.04 0.03 0.04 0.05 1.84

SW 0.52 0.46 0.29 0.14 0.1 0.07 0.02 0.07 1.68

WSW 0.95 1.75 1.52 0.57 0.21 0.15 0.09 0.18 5.42

W 2.6 4.43 5.15 1.71 0.84 0.81 0.38 0.96 16.88

WNW 1.61 2.65 3.03 2.69 1.89 2.24 1.05 2.44 17.59

NW 1.23 1.66 1.75 2.08 1.6 1.87 1.08 2.08 13.35

NNW 0.99 1.5 1.2 1.45 0.72 0.67 0.27 0.47 7.27

TOTAL 25.62 23.64 17.54 10.79 6.19 6.47 3.15 6.61 44526

Number of calm periods = 4204

56

Table 16: Frequency of occurrence of Pasquill stability categories at Peppertree Quarry

Dates : 230212 to 110614

Frequency (%) of occurrence of

Pasquill stability categories

Stability

Category Night Day

A 0.00 8.89

B 0.00 11.81

C 0.02 27.84

D 51.96 51.46

E 34.67 0.00

F 9.49 0.00

G 3.87 0.00

Night = Starts in the 15 minute period in which Sunset occurs

Day = Starts in the 15 minute period in which Sunrise occurs

57

Table 17: Frequency of occurrence of Pasquill stability categories vs. wind directions at Peppertree Quarry


Pasquill stability categories vs. Wind directions

DIRECTION A B C D E F G TOTAL

N 0.24 0.22 0.54 2.35 0.58 0.11 0.07 4.12

NNE 0.28 0.29 0.60 1.13 0.38 0.09 0.03 2.80

NE 0.29 0.29 0.42 0.74 0.35 0.12 0.02 2.23

ENE 0.35 0.37 0.77 1.98 0.57 0.17 0.06 4.29

E 0.46 1.01 2.33 5.32 0.97 0.33 0.06 10.49

ESE 0.47 1.05 1.89 3.97 0.82 0.34 0.07 8.61

SE 0.34 0.38 1.25 2.48 0.60 0.20 0.10 5.35

SSE 0.34 0.44 1.02 1.32 0.60 0.18 0.07 3.98

S 0.28 0.35 0.34 0.41 0.29 0.26 0.05 1.99

SSW 0.25 0.20 0.27 0.40 0.33 0.18 0.06 1.68

SW 0.19 0.21 0.31 0.48 0.25 0.18 0.04 1.67

WSW 0.20 0.36 1.24 3.39 0.55 0.14 0.07 5.97

W 0.20 0.29 1.77 12.34 1.69 0.40 0.29 16.98

WNW 0.20 0.20 0.65 7.60 3.64 1.19 0.57 14.05

NW 0.19 0.16 0.38 4.81 3.52 0.51 0.21 9.79

NNW 0.26 0.18 0.40 2.97 1.84 0.25 0.11 6.01

TOTAL 4.53 6.02 14.19 51.70 17.01 4.65 1.90 76131

No. of calm periods = 4464

58

Table 18: Solar radiation at Peppertree Quarry, South Marulan

Peppertree Quarry

230212 to 110614

Solar radiaton (W/m**2)

Time EST

Month 0600 0700 0800 0900 1000 1100 1200 1300 1400 1500 1600 1700 1800 1900 2000

January 0.029 0.140 0.298 0.459 0.645 0.748 0.808 0.799 0.764 0.634 0.505 0.350 0.180 0.046 0.001

February 0.002 0.067 0.187 0.339 0.487 0.580 0.642 0.656 0.613 0.520 0.392 0.248 0.118 0.024 0

March 0 0.035 0.146 0.302 0.444 0.552 0.599 0.593 0.559 0.476 0.364 0.212 0.072 0.003 0

April 0 0.010 0.110 0.242 0.384 0.514 0.558 0.545 0.477 0.374 0.249 0.111 0.017 0 0

May 0 0 0.068 0.214 0.343 0.437 0.492 0.464 0.420 0.329 0.192 0.058 0 0 0

June 0 0 0.021 0.116 0.222 0.299 0.345 0.337 0.312 0.236 0.135 0.035 0 0 0

July 0 0 0.031 0.163 0.291 0.387 0.434 0.441 0.381 0.292 0.178 0.060 0 0 0

August 0 0.003 0.100 0.250 0.392 0.501 0.531 0.534 0.474 0.395 0.262 0.115 0.012 0 0

September 0 0.055 0.208 0.359 0.491 0.590 0.643 0.642 0.592 0.471 0.321 0.171 0.039 0 0

October 0.026 0.174 0.354 0.527 0.663 0.767 0.795 0.756 0.686 0.571 0.405 0.231 0.077 0.002 0

November 0.060 0.183 0.339 0.473 0.573 0.695 0.722 0.700 0.623 0.475 0.370 0.244 0.101 0.015 0

December 0.055 0.178 0.331 0.507 0.637 0.705 0.754 0.770 0.736 0.606 0.486 0.305 0.155 0.035 0

table 3: total rainfall statistics over all months and

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