t16h15 1 se tutorial

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S100D User Forum Munich, 5-7 October 2005 October 2005 AIRBUS S.A.S. All rights reserved.

AeroSpace and Defence

Industries Association of Europe

ASD Simplified Technical

English

Tutorial

Kathy Barthe

AirbusASD STE Maintenance Group Chairperson

[email protected]
mailto:[email protected]:[email protected]


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ASD Simplified

Technical English

ASD STE was originally anAECMA product

AECMA: European Association of

Aerospace Industries For aircraft maintenance documentation


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ASD Simplified

Technical English

Why English? Is the international language of aviation

Why Technical?

Intended fortechnical manuals, not forcorrespondence, etc

Why Simplified?

To eliminate some of the problems of

comprehension, especially for non-native

speakers


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So the objectives of

STE are

Better comprehension

OfEnglish-language texts

In aircraft maintenance documentation

But STE can be (and has been) adapted toother domains


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What are the problemswith English and how

does STE address them?Chief problems:- Complex sentences

- Complex verb forms

- Words

STE addresses them by means of a

Specification (ASD-STE100) containing: A set of Writing Rules+

A Dictionary of general words


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Complex sentences

the problems

Embedded clauses

Long sentences


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Examples

It is equally important that there should be no seasonal

changes in the procedures, as, although aircraft fuel system

icing due to water contamination is more often met with in

winter, it can be equally dangerous during the summer

months.

In this position, the handle of the filler cap can accidentally

move to its vertical (unlocked) position, and create a riskof pressurized hot oil gushing out of the tank and a risk of

personal injury and dangerous burns.


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Complex verb forms - the

problems

Use of helping verbs in compound verb tenses When you have finished all the instructions, measure the remaining

quantity.

You must have finished this test before you do the start the engines.

Do not fill the tank when the engine is operating.

Use of passives

The fire extinguisher cannot be filled while it is on the aircraft.

Use of prop verbs No change is effected until the test is completed.

Data safety will therefore be ensured in the event of abnormal sessiontermination

.


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How STE addresses

the problem

Limited forms of verbs (Rule 3.1)

Limited uses (Rule 3.2)

No compound tenses with HAVE (Rule 3.4)

No passives in procedures (Rule 3.6)

Limited use of past participles (Rule 3.3)


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Words the problems

Words that have more than one part of speech Use of other lubricants can damage the O-Ring.

Words that have more than one meaning

Examine for signs of overheating such as the porting face turned blue

Noun clusters Turn the air intake flap actuator manual override device on the air intake flap

actuator.

Action nouns Page access is achieved by pressing the line key on the display unit.

Vague expression Several levels of system and component failure are defined for which the

system gives warning to the appropriate crew members.


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How STE addresses

the problem

STE recognizes three types of word:

General words (controlled, listed in theDictionary)

Technical Names (20 categories, not controlled,not listed in the Dictionary)

Technical Verbs (3 categories, not controlled, notlisted in the Dictionary)


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How STE addresses

the problem

Words in the Dictionary:

In general, one word, one part of speech (Rules

1.2 and 2.3)

In general, one word, one meaning (Rule 1.3)

Clarification of noun clusters (Rule 2.1 and 2.2)

Use of verbs to express action (Rule 3.7, andalso the rules related to passives)


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How STE addresses

the problem Technical Names:

nouns or adjectives only (Rule 1.6)

Can include unapproved words (Rule 1.6A)

Consistency (Rule 1.8) Technical Verbs

Verbs only (Rule 1.11)

Precise writing

Be specific (Rule 1.13)


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Other points

addressed by STE

Warnings, Cautions and Notes (Rules 7.1 thru 7.6)

Fluency of text (Rules 4.4, 6.2 thru 6.8)

Procedures (Rules 5.1 thru 5.5)

Punctuation (Rules 8.1, 8.3, 8.5, 8.11)

Word counts (Rules 8.2, 8.4, 8.6 thru 8.10)


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Other points

addressed by STE

Word combinations (Rule 9.2)

I got on the plane at Paris airport.In London, I got off

the plane and got on the underground. The train got on

very fast. In London, I got to know someone. This

person later asked me how I was getting on.

Put out the fire.


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Some exampleswritten in STE

Non-STEIt is equally important that thereshouldbe no seasonal changesin the procedures, as, although

aircraft fuel system icing due towater contamination is moreoften met with in winter, it can

be equally dangerous during the

summer months. Sentence of 40 words

Complex sentence structure

Noun cluster

Ambiguous words

Action noun

STE Use the same procedures all the

time, because water in the fuel

system can freeze duringsummer or winter.

Sentence of 19 words

Simple sentence structure

Simple words

No long noun clusters Action expressed by verb


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Some examples

written in STE

Non-STE

You must have finished this test

before you start the engines

Data safety will therefore be

ensured in the event of

abnormal session termination.

Use of other lubricants can

damage the O-Ring.

STE

(You must) Complete this test

before you start the engines.

This will thus keep the data safe

if you do not quit the session

correctly.

If you use other lubricants, you

can cause damage to the O-

Ring.


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Some examples

written in STE

Non-STE Examine for signs of

overheating such as the portingface turned blue

Turn the air intake flap actuatormanual override device on the

air intake flap actuator.

Page access is achieved bypressing the line key on the

display unit.

STE Examine the (?) for signs of

overheating (for example, if thecolor of the porting face

changed to blue).

Turn the manual overridedevice on the actuator of the air

intake flap.

To access the page, (you must)push the line key on the display

unit.


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What you might find

difficult

STE is not just a question of replacing oneword by another. You will often have toreformulate.

Bad STE is possible: words OK, rules OK, but

meaning not OK.

STE leaves the author in full control to

THINK!


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based on the mentioned assumptions and are expressed in good

faith. Where the supporting grounds for these statements are not

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