!t y zr bp rz} {b8}s{ r{y 8 pb r}s $sj i$& t{$t $t tz8 ...arm/pubs/sc.pdf · siz` r 8 t } b{ rr...

22

Upload: dinhthuan

Post on 25-Nov-2018

222 views

Category:

Documents


0 download

TRANSCRIPT

+� F� i� ����B�Bj� 7B{� w1((;D� 22� }}� du1( IB$U d(�d1xE\J`�kk�t

!t �Y� ZR� BP RZ}�� {B8}s{� R{Y�8� PB� R}s�$sj I$&���t{$t� $t tZ8��${sj

8BI�jR BP �Y� s�8BR}Y���

k z� e73V<VWyVWd� 7� p<V*ei1 stI V� i� �!<e VN<!Fe<d

d=t$%��R$�k BP q�Y�st� y�st1V�8BR}Y��${ 7{$�t{� m ����B�BjB�${sj i�R�s�{Y ]�t���� y�st

wi�{�$%�I 22� ��%$R�I 22D

6Z99s�k

qY� X7Z}�� ]B8}s{� 3$t$�� *$&���t{� ���YBI" w7]3*�D $R s}}j$�I �B R}s�$sj I$&���t{$t� BP RB8�}�B�B�k}� j$t�s� stI tBtj$t�s� ��B}YkR${sj 4Z$I Ikts8${R }�BAj�8R� Vt sj���ts�$%� PB�8 BP �Y� 7]3*���js�$BtR PB� R}s�$sj I��$%s�$%�R $R I��$%�I� qY� R$-�YTB�I�� 7]3*� $R {B8}s��I $t I��s$j b$�Y �Y�{Bt%�t�$Btsj PBZ��YTB�I�� {B8}s{� stI �Y� R�{BtITB�I�� {�t���I I$&���t{$t�� 3B� �Y� P��JZ�t{k BP j$t�s�$t���$sT��s%$�k bs%�R Bt I$&���t� tZ8��${sj ��$IR wV�s,sbs:R VTe stI istIsjj:R �D ��js��I �B �Y� iBRRAksI`ZR�8�t� }�B{�RR� �Y� R$-�YTB�I�� 7]3*� RYBbR s RZAR�st�$sj $8}�B%�8�t� Bt �Y� {Bt%�t�$Btsj8��YBIR� 3B� �Y� Fs{BA$stR $t%Bj%�I $t %B��${$�k sI%�{�$Bt Ak tBtI$%����t� 4Bb stI $t Bj$tu]Ys�t�kAsjst{� �JZs�$Bt� s ��t��sj P�s8�bB�,� %sj$I PB� �%��k ht$�� I$&���t{� 8��YBI� $R I��$%�I �B }��R�t��Y� I$R{���� PB�8R BP �Y� Fs{BA$stR� y� $R PBZtI �Ys� �Y� R$-�YTB�I�� 7]3*� }�B%$I�R s tB�${�sAjk8B�� s{{Z�s�� ��}��R�t�s�$Bt BP �Y� bs%�tZ8A�� I$R��$AZ�$Bt BP �Y� Fs{BA$stR� bY�t {B8}s��I b$�Y �Y�{Bt%�t�$Btsj 8��YBIR� qY� }�BAj�8 BP ��{BtR��Z{�$t� �Y� R���s8PZt{�$Bt h�jI P�B8 �Y� %B��${$�k h�jIBt s R}Y��� $R sjRB {BtR$I���I� 3B� �Y� iBRRAku<sZ�b$�9 bs%�� �Y� {B8}Z�s�$Bt BP s tB�8sj$R�I �jBAsj���B� s� I$&���t� YB�$9Bt�sj ��RBjZ�$BtR $t jBt�$�ZI� stI js�$�ZI� I$��{�$BtR RYBbR �Ys� �Y� R$-�YTB�I��7]3*� {st 8s�,�Ijk $8}�B%� Bt �Y� PBZ��YTB�I�� {B8}s{�� qY� R$-�YTB�I�� 7]3*� $R �YZR }�B}BR�IsR s %$sAj� 8��YBI �B $8}�B%� �Y� s{{Z�s{k BP ht$�� I$&���t{� 8BI�jR BP �Y� s�8BR}Y����

��kcC�IRU 7Z}�� ]B8}s{� 3$t$�� *$&���t{� WZ8��${sj p�$IR yt���$sTp�s%$�k Gs%�R V�s,sbsFs{BA$st 7}Y��${sj p�B8���k

e! yt��CIZ{�'Ct

V 8s$t }�BAj�8 b$�Y �Y� R}Y��${sj Ys�8Bt${ 8��YBI sR �Y� IB8$tst��jBAsj 8BI�j$t� ��{Yt$JZ� $R {���s$tjk $�R �s}$I $t{��sR� BP {B8}Z�s�$Btsj {BR�b$�Y ��RBjZ�$Bt� qY��� Ys%� A��t %s�$BZR s���8}�R �B I�%$R� sj���ts�$%� RBjZ�$Bt��{Yt$JZ�R sAj� �B s{Y$�%� Y$�Y s{{Z�s{k b$�Y R$�t$h{st�jk j�RR {B8}Z�s�$Btsj{BR� �Yst �Y� R}Y��${sj Ys�8Bt${ 8��YBI s� %��k Y$�Y ��RBjZ�$BtR� qY� {B8}s{�ht$�� I$&���t{� R{Y�8�R� $t��BIZ{�I sR Ps� As{, sR �Y� d�n(R� Ys%� A��t PBZtIsR R$8}j�� k�� }Bb��PZj bskR BP ��s{Y$t� �Y� BA`�{�$%�R BP Y$�Y s{{Z�s{k stI jBb{B8}Z�s�$Btsj {BR� w7}B�9 �� sj� d��M� W$Y�$ stI yRY$$ 1((nD� ]B8}s��I b$�Y �Y���sI$�$Btsj �-}j${$� ht$�� I$&���t{� R{Y�8�R BP �Y� Rs8� B�I��� {B8}s{� R{Y�8�RYs%� }�B%�I �B A� R$�t$h{st�jk 8B�� s{{Z�s�� b$�Y �Y� sII�I�I A�t�h� BP ZR$t�R8sjj�� R��t{$j R$9�R� bY${Y {st A� �RR�t�$sj bY�t ���s�$t� tBtT}��$BI${ ABZtIs�k{BtI$�$BtR�

V ��{�t� I�%�jB}8�t� $t {B8}s{� R{Y�8�R YsR A��t �Y� $t��BIZ{�$Bt BPs ��t��sj }�B{�IZ�� �B ��t��s�� Y$�Yjk s{{Z�s�� R{Y�8�R BP s�A$��s�k B�I��b$�Y 8$t$8sj R��t{$j R$9� Ak 3Z *�-Zt stI �s Ostb�t wd��xD� bYB {sjj�I $�X7Z}�� ]B8}s{� 3$t$�� *$&���t{� ���YBI" w7]3*�D� qY� I��$%s�$Bt stI �Y�s}}j${s�$Bt BP �Y� 8��YBI $t Zt$PB�8 ��$I Ys%� A��t }��R�t��I Ak �s Ostb�tstI 3Z *�-Zt wd��ED stI Ak 3Z *�-Zt stI �s Ostb�t w1((dD� yt sII$�$Bt� RB8�sR}�{�R BP �Y� R{Y�8� $t tBtZt$PB�8 ��$I Ys%� A��t $t%�R�$�s��I Ak pYsI�� w1(((DstI eRPsYst$st �� sj� w1((;D�

�B�$%s��I Ak �Y� R��Bt� }��PB�8st{� BP �Y� R$-�YTB�I�� 7]3*� {B8}s��Ib$�Y s ��sI$�$Btsj �-}j${$� stI s {B8}s{� R{Y�8� BP �Y� Rs8� B�I�� $t R$8Zjs�$t� ]B���R}BtI$t� sZ�YB�U ��{Yst${sj et�$t���$t� *�}s��8�t�� =t$%��R$�k BP q�Y�st� ]s8}ZR'1� WB��Y�s���s� V%��� q�Y�st� y�st� �T8s$jU �%sY$IoZ��s{�$�

{s iBksj ����B�BjB�${sj 7B{$��k� 1((;�

d

1 z! h65V=VWyVW �� sj�

%B���-TRYB{, $t���s{�$Bt PB� {B8}��RR$Aj� Ws%$��u7�B,�R �JZs�$BtR w3Z *�-ZtstI �s Ostb�t 1((dD� �Y$R }s}�� $R I�%B��I �B �Y� sRR�RR8�t� BP �Y� s{{Z�s{kBP 7]3*� $t �Y� s�8BR}Y���uB{�st Ikts8${R {Bt��-�� qB �Y$R �tI� b� s}}jk�Y� R�{BtI� PBZ��Y� stI R$-�Y B�I�� 7]3*� �B R}s�$sj I$&���t{$t� BP RB8�}�B�B�k}� j$t�s� stI tBtj$t�s� ��B}YkR${sj 4Z$I Ikts8${R }�BAj�8R� yt Ps{���Y� R�{BtI stI PBZ��Y B�I�� 7]3*� s�� tB�Y$t� AZ� �Y� {Bt%�t�$Btsj {�t���IstI �Y� PBZ��YTB�I�� _sI?� R{Y�8�R� ��R}�{�$%�jk� qB A� �-}j${$� stI s%B$I stk{BtPZR$Bt� P�B8 tBb Bt� b� {sjj �Y� R{Y�8�RU �Y� R�{BtITB�I�� {�t���I� �Y�PBZ��YTB�I�� {B8}s{�� stI �Y� R$-�YTB�I�� 7]3*�� qY� }�BAj�8R �-s8$t�I s��w$D j$t�s� $t���$sT��s%$�k bs%� }�B}s�s�$Bt $t W T}jst� RYsjjBb bs��� Bt I$&���t�tZ8��${sj ��$IR wV�s,sbs:R VTe stI istIsjj:R �D� w$$D �Y� ��}��R�t�s�$Bt BP �Y�IB8$tst� tBtj$t�s� ���8R $t �Y� %B��${$�k stI I$%����t{� �JZs�$BtR �-}��RR�I sRFs{BA$stR $t%Bj%$t� Btjk �B�s�$Btsj 4Bb� w$$$D �Y� RBjZ�$Bt BP �Y� _B$RRBt �JZs�$Bt$t R}Y��${sj ��B8���k� i�js��I bB�,R {st A� PBZtI $t ]Yst� stI 7Y$��� wd�MxD�Y���sP��� ]7Mx� stI jskB w1(((D Bt }�BAj�8R w$D stI w$$D� stI $t qBjR�k,Y w1((1DBt }�BAj�8 w$$$D�

qY$R }s}�� $R B��st$R�I sR PBjjBbR� 7�{�$Bt 1 }��R�t�R �Y� 7]3*� ��js�$BtRb$�Y �Y� I��$%s�$Bt BP st sj���ts�$%� PB�8 BP �Y� 7]3*�� 8s,$t� $�R s}}j${s�$Bt�B �Y� ZtI���s,�t }�BAj�8R }BRR$Aj�� VP��� }��R�t�$t� �Y� ��stRP�� PZt{�$BtR BP �Y�R{Y�8�R� 7�{�$Bt n I�R{�$A�R �Y� I$R}��R$Bt ��js�$BtR BP �Y� R{Y�8�R PB� $t���$sjT��s%$�k bs%�R Bt W T}jst� stI �Y�$� {B8}s�$RBt b$�Y �Y� �-s{� I$R}��R$Bt ��js�$Bt�qY� tZ8��${sj s}}�B-$8s�$Bt BP Fs{BA$stR $t%Bj%�I $t %B��${$�k sI%�{�$Bt Ak tBtTI$%����t� 4Bb stI $t Bj$tu]Ys�t�k Asjst{� �JZs�$Bt $R I$R{ZRR�I $t R�{�$Bt ;�bY��� s ��t��sj P�s8�bB�, %sj$I PB� �%��k ht$��TI$&���t{� 8��YBI $R I��$%�I �B}��R�t� �Y� I$R{���� PB�8 BP �Y� Fs{BA$st B}��s�B�R� qY� RBjZ�$Bt BP �Y� _B$RRBt�JZs�$Bt $t R}Y��${sj ��B8���k �B ��{BtR��Z{� �Y� R���s8PZt{�$Bt h�jI P�B8 �Y�%B��${$�k h�jI ZR$t� 7]3*� $R }��R�t��I $t R�{�$BtR x� 3$tsjjk� �Y� {Bt{jZI$t���8s�,R s�� �$%�t $t R�{�$Bt E�

3! 6Z}�� {C9}s{� 9��YCI

qY� RZ}�� {B8}s{� ht$�� I$&���t{� 8��YBI {B8}�$R�R BP s AsR${ �JZs�$BtstI s R�� BP sZ-$j$s�k �JZs�$BtR� qY� AsR${ �JZs�$Bt $R BA�s$t�I Ak ��Zt{s�$t��Y� qskjB� R��$�R bY${Y ��js��R s PZt{�$Bt * �B $�R I��$%s�$%�R�

w �L? L #��? D*i )d

d�> L #�i H*

cdki L

d

1�> � #�1i H*

c1ki L 3 3 3

Ld

z�> L w�dDzLd#�zi H*czki wdD

bY���

�L? *i ) *iLd � *i , ��? *i ) *i � *i�d, K_i ) ?iLd � ?i , K_i�d ) ?i � ?i�d

�i )K_i�dK_i

, *c>ki ) K_>i

w(>*

(?>

Wi

$t bY${Y stI # s�� P��� }s�s8����R� �L? stI ��? s�� PB�bs�I stI As{,Tbs�I I$&���t{$t� B}��s�B�R� stI K_ I�tB��R ��$I I$R�st{�� WB�� �Ys� �Y� PB�T8Zjs�$Bt {st s{{B88BIs�� s tBtZt$PB�8 ��$I� yt eJ� wdD� �Y� Zt,tBbtR s��*cdki , *c1ki , 3 3 3 , *czki � qB s��$%� s� s {jBR�I RkR��8 BP �JZs�$BtR� s R�� BP wz� dD

$W q=h >6h $5 6>`hi _$�`V_q 6_=h�h 5$i 6`VqyVN -y55hihW_yWp n

sII$�$Btsj $tI�}�tI�t� �JZs�$BtR $R t��I�I� qY�R� sZ-$j$s�k �JZs�$BtR� bY${Y s��BA�s$t�I $t �Y� Rs8� bsk sR �Y� AsR${ �JZs�$Bt� ��sI

�qiLd*cqkiLd � 1*cqki L

d

�qi*cqki�d )

d

d�wd� �iD*

cqLdki L

d

1�wd L �1i D*

cqL1ki

L 3 3 3Ld

wz� qD�wd L w�dDz�q�z�qi D*czki wq ) d, 3 3 3 , z� dD3 w1D

yt��BIZ{$t� �Y� z I$8�tR$Btsj %�{�B�R

3)\*cdk, *c1k, 3 3 3 , *czk

�q, e) \d, (, 3 3 3 , (iq

bY��� q I�tB��R ��stR}BR�� stI �Y� z z 8s��${�R

Vw�D )d

1

DhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhH

L#�d�

�#�3

1�3 3 3

Lw�dDzLe#�z

z�

( d��d�

3 3 3 dLw�dDz�e�z�e

wz�dD�

( ( 3 3 3 dLw�dDz�3�z�3

wz�1D�

3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3

( ( 3 3 3 d��d�

InnnnnnnnnnnnnnnO

, Nw�D )

DhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhH

( ( ( ( 3 3 3 (

� ( ( ( 3 3 3 (

( �1 ( ( 3 3 3 (

( ( �n ( 3 3 3 (

3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3

( ( ( 3 3 3 �z�d (

InnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnO

Bt� {st ��{sR� �Y� eJR� wdD stI w1D $t s %�{�B� PB�8U

�d1Nwd

�iD 3i�d L wVLNDw�iD 3i � d

1Nw�iLdD 3iLd )

d

1w �L? L #��? D*ie 3 wnD

<��� *c>ki bK_>i s}}�B-$8s��R(>*(?> b$�Y �Y� s{{Z�s{k BP B�I�� z� > L d� yt �Y� {sR�

�i ) d� �Y� {B�^{$�t�R $t ��js�$Bt wnD IB tB� I�}�tI Bt �Y� {BB�I$ts�� I$��{�$BtstI �Y� 8�RY ��$I }B$t�R� V� �Y� ABZtIs�$�R� PB�bs�I stI As{,bs�I ��js�$BtR s��ZR�I� qY�R� ��js�$BtR s�� I��$%�I R$8$js� �B �Y� {�t���I ��js�$BtR w�s Ostb�tstI 3Z *�-Zt d��E� pYsI�� 1(((D�

wsD 7Z}�� {B8}s{� ��js�$BtR PB� �Y� BII I��$%s�$%�R

k {YBBR$t� ) # ) d stI �i ) d� �Y� 7]3*� ��js�$BtR PB� BII I��$%s�$%�Rs�� BA�s$t�I $t s Zt$PB�8 ��$I stI eJ� wnD �s,�R �Y� PBjjBb$t� PB�8

�d1N3i�d L wVL ND3i �

d

1N3iLd )�

H?*ie w;D

bY��� N) NwdD� �H? ) w�L? L�

�? Db1 stI

3)

ChhH

*cdk

*cnk

���*c1-�dk

InnO , V)

ChhhhhhhhhhH

d

d�

d

n�

d

x�3 3 3

d

w1- � dD�(

d

1�

d

;�3 3 3

d

>1w- � dDH�( (

d

1�3 3 3

d

>1w- � 1DH�3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3

( ( ( 3 3 3d

1�

InnnnnnnnnnO

; z! h65V=VWyVW �� sj�

N stI V s�� - - 8s��${�R� 3 stI e s�� - I$8�tR$Btsj %�{�B�R� qY�

�-}��RR$Bt *c1>�dki b�?1>�d s}}�B-$8s��R(1>�d*(?1>�d

b$�Y �Y� s{{Z�s{k BP B�I��

1w- � > L dD�

wAD 7Z}�� {B8}s{� ��js�$BtR PB� �Y� �%�t I��$%s�$%�R

k {YBBR$t� )�# ) d stI �i ) d� �Y� 7]3*� ��js�$BtR PB� �%�t I��$%sT�$%�R s�� BA�s$t�I $t s Zt$PB�8 ��$I stI eJ� wnD �s,�R �Y� PBjjBb$t� PB�8

�d1N7i�d L w LND7i �

d

1N7iLd )�

1?*ie wxD

bY��� N) NwdD� �1? )�L?�

�? )�

�?�

L? stI

7)

ChhH

*c1k

*c;k

���*c1-k

InnO , )

ChhhhhhhhhhH

d

1�

d

;�

d

E�3 3 3

d

w1-D�

(d

1�

d

;�3 3 3

d

>1w- � dDH�( (

d

1�3 3 3

d

>1w- � 1DH�3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3

( ( ( 3 3 3d

1�

InnnnnnnnnnO

!�Y�� 8s��${�R stI %�{�B�R s�� I�ht�I sR A�PB��� qY� �-}��RR$Bt *c1>ki b�?1>

s}}�B-$8s��R(1>*

(?1>b$�Y �Y� s{{Z�s{k BP B�I�� 1w- � > L dD�

w{D 7Z}�� {B8}s{� ��js�$BtR Bt {�jjT{�t���I tBI�

k ZR$t� �Y� qskjB� R��$�R PB� s PZt{�$Bt Bt s RY$P��I ��$I Ak YsjP w$��� *i� e

3

D�

�Y� RZ}�� {B8}s{� ��js�$BtR Bt s {�jj {�t���I tBI� s�� BA�s$t�I sR PBjjBbR

�d1N3i�d L wKVL ND3i �

d

1N3iLd )

d

1w*iL e

3

� *i� e

3

De wED

bY���

KV)

ChhhhhhhhhhhhhhH

wd

1

Wd

d�

wd

1

Wn dn�

3 3 3

wd

1

W1-�d d

w1- � dD�

(d

1�3 3 3

d

>1w- � dDH�

( (d

1�3 3 3

( ( 3 3 3d

1�

InnnnnnnnnnnnnnO

stI B�Y�� 8s��${�R stI %�{�B�R s�� I�ht�I sR A�PB��� qY� �-}��RR$Bt *c1>�dki b�?1>�d

s}}�B-$8s��R(1>�d*(?1>�d

b$�Y �Y� s{{Z�s{k BP B�I�� 1w- � > L dD�

$W q=h >6h $5 6>`hi _$�`V_q 6_=h�h 5$i 6`VqyVN -y55hihW_yWp x

wID Vj���ts�$%� PB�8 BP �Y� RZ}�� {B8}s{� ��js�$BtR

yt �Y$R R�{�$Bt s 8B�� {Bt%�t$�t� PB�8 BP �Y� 7]3*� ��js�$BtR w;DTwED bY${Yb$jj A� ZR�I $t �Y� PBjjBb$t� R�{�$BtR $R }��R�t��I� qY$R sj���ts�$%� PB�8 }��}s��R�Y� RZ$�sAj� PB�8 BP �Y� 7]3*� ��js�$BtR PB� �Y� stsjk�${sj R�ZI$�R BP �Y� t�-�R�{�$BtR�

k ZR$t� �Y� PB�bs�I stI As{,bs�I B}��s�B�R bY${Y b��� I�ht�I sAB%�� �Y�j�P� YstI R$I� BP eJ� w;D {st A� b�$���t sR

�d1N3i�d L wVL ND3i �

d

1N3iLd )

}V� N

1�1?

]3i

RZAR�$�Z�$Bt BP �Y� sAB%� �JZs�$Bt $t�B eJ� w;D j�sIR �B}V� N

1�1?

]3i )�

H?*ie

3$tsjjk �Y� sj���ts�$%� PB�8 BP �Y� eJ� w;D $R BA�s$t�I sR

3i )

X�H?

V� N1�

1?

~*ie

bY${Y {st A� ��b�$���t $t �Y� PBjjBb$t� PB�8

3i ) w+B�d�H?D*ie, +B )V� N

1�1? w�D

=R$t� R$8$js� }�B{�IZ�� k$�jIR �Y� sj���ts�$%� PB�8 BP �Y� eJ� wxD

7i )d

1w+�

�d�1?D*ie, +� ) � N1�1? wMD

stI �Y� sj���ts�$%� PB�8 BP �Y� eJ� wED

3i )d

1w+{

�deDw*iL e

3

� *i� e

3

D, +{ ) KV� N1�1? w�D

qY� R$-�YTB�I�� s}}�B-$8s�$BtR w- ) nD BP �Y� h�R� stI R�{BtI I��$%s�$%�R ZR$t�eJR� w�DTwMD s�� BA�s$t�I sR

*cdki )

wd(wd1 L�1?D�

H?

d1( L n(�1? L�;?

W*i , *c1ki )

wn(wd1 L�1?D�

1?

nE( L E(�1? L�;?

W*i wd(D

stI �Y� R$-�YTB�I�� s}}�B-$8s�$Bt BP �Y� h�R� I��$%s�$%� PB� �Y� {�jjT{�t���I {sR�k$�jIR

*cdki )

wn1(wd1 L�1?D

d�1( L 1;(�1? L�;?

Ww*iL e

3

� *i� e

3

Db1 wddD

n! 6}s�'sj I'PP���t{'t� CP �Y� j't�s� }�CBj�9R

3B� �Y� R}s�$sj I$&���t{$t� BP �Y� j$t�s� }�BAj�8R ZR$t� 7]3*�� �Y� j$tT�s�$R�I RYsjjBb bs��� �JZs�$BtR Bt st W T}jst� s�� {BtR$I���I� qY� RYsjjBb bs����JZs�$BtR b$jj A� I$R{���$9�I Bt �Y� b�jj ,tBbt V�s,sbs VTe ��$IR wV�s,sbs

E z! h65V=VWyVW �� sj�

stI Ns8A d���D� stI Bt �Y� istIsjj:R � ��$I wistIsjj d��;D� qY� ��$IR s��I�ht�I $t 3$�Z�� d� G� b$jj RYBb �Ys� �Y� ZR� BP �Y� R$-�YTB�I�� 7]3*� �BI$R{���$9� �Y� R}s�$sj I��$%s�$%�R j�sIR �B A����� s}}�B-$8s�$Bt BP �Y� I$R}��R$Bt��js�$BtRY$} {B8}s��I b$�Y �Y� {Bt%�t�$Btsj R�{BtI stI PBZ��YTB�I�� R{Y�8�R�qB BA�s$t �Y� I$R{���� I$R}��R$Bt ��js�$BtRY$}R PB� �Y� VTe ��$I �k}�R b� ZR� �Y���t��sj P�s8�bB�, I��$%�I Ak jskB w1(((D� yt sII$�$Bt� b� �-��tI �Y$R $I�s �BBA�s$t �Y� {B���R}BtI$t� P�s8�bB�, PB� �Y� � ��$I�

3$�Z�� d� *�ht$�$Bt BP V�s,sbs:R VTe ��$IR stI istIsjj:R � ��$I�

wsD WZ8��${sj R{Y�8�R

yt �Y� }��R�t� R�ZIk� �Y� R$-�YTB�I�� 7]3*�� �Y� PBZ��YTB�I�� {B8}s{�� stI�Y� R�{BtITB�I�� {�t���I R{Y�8�R s�� ZR�I �B I$R{���$9� �Y� �B%��t$t� �JZs�$BtR�G� ZR� �Y� PBjjBb$t� I�ht$�$BtR �B I�R{�$A� �Y� R{Y�8�R w jskB 1(((DU

d� C(U st $t���}Bjs�$Bt R{Y�8� }�B%$I$t� �R�$8s��R *iL e

3

BP �Y� %sjZ�R * s� �Y�

8$I}B$t�R ?iL e

3

) w?i L ?iLdDb1�

1� Cdb1U s R{Y�8� }�B%$I$t� �R�$8s��R *IiL e

3

BP �Y� h�R� I��$%s�$%� *I s� }B$t�R?iL e

3

n� CdU s R{Y�8� }�B%$I$t� �R�$8s��R *Ii BP �Y� h�R� I��$%s�$%� *I s� }B$t�R ?i �

;� C1U s R{Y�8� }�B%$I$t� �R�$8s��R *IIi BP �Y� R�{BtI I��$%s�$%� *II s� }B$t�R

?i �

qY� C(� Cdb1� Cd� stI C1 PB� �Y� �Y��� R{Y�8�R s�� j$R��I $t �sAj� d� qB BA�s$t�Y� I$R{���� I$R}��R$Bt ��js�$BtRY$} PB� �Y� I$&���t� ��$I �k}�R wVTe stI �D b�t��I �Y� ��stRP�� PZt{�$BtR BP �Y� R{Y�8�R j$R��I $t �sAj� 1� G� tB�� �Ys� �Y���stRP�� PZt{�$Bt� sjRB {sjj�I ��R}BtR� PZt{�$Bt� x BP s R{Y�8� C $R I�ht�I AkCw�7�?D ) x w�D�7�?�

$W q=h >6h $5 6>`hi _$�`V_q 6_=h�h 5$i 6`VqyVN -y55hihW_yWp �

qV Ne d� qY� R{Y�9�R

7{Y�8� 3B�8Zjs�$Bt

7�{BtITB�I�� {�t���IC( *iL e

3) w*i L *iLdDb1

Cdb1 *IiL e

3

) w*iLd � *iDbQ

Cd *Ii ) w*iLd � *i�dDb1Q

C1 *IIi ) w*iLd � 1*i L *i�dDbQ1

]B8}s{� PBZ��YTB�I��C(

dE*i� e

3L *iL e

3L d

E*iL n

3) 1

nw*i L *iLdD

Cdb1d11*Ii� e

3

L *IiL e

3

L d11*IiL n

3

) d1ddw*iLd � *iDbQ

CddE*Ii�d L

1n*Ii L

dE*IiLd ) w*iLd � *i�dDb1Q

C1dd1*IIi�d L

xE*IIi L

dd1*IIiLd ) w*iLd � 1*i L *i�dDbQ

1

7Z}�� {B8}s{� R$-�YTB�I��C(

nd(*i� e

3

L *iL e3

L nd(*iL n

3

) n;w*i L *iLdD L

d1(w*i�d L *iL1D

Cdb1 *IiL e

3

)

Wn1(wd1 L �1

?D

d�1( L 1;(�1? L �

;?

}w*iLd � *iDb1Q

Cd *Ii )

Wd(wd1 L �1

?D�H

?

d1( L n(�1? L�

;?

}*ibQ

C1 *IIi )

Wn(wd1 L �1

?D�1?

nE( L E(�1? L �

;?

}*ibQ

1

Q $R �Y� ��$I R}s{$t��

wAD qY� {Bt�$tZBZR j$t�s�$R�I RYsjjBb bs��� �JZs�$BtR

qY� W T}jst� RYsjjBb bs��� �JZs�$BtR j$t�s�$R�I sABZ� s ��R�$t� AsR${ R�s��s�� w����� V�s,sbs stI Ns8A d���D

(`

(0� WH8 L �

(_

(?) (

(8

(0L WH`L �

(_

(r) ( wd1D

(_

(0LI

w(`

(?L(8

(r

W) (

bY��� I $R �Y� {BtR�st� I�}�Y BP �Y� bs��� $t �Y� AsR${ R�s��� WH �Y� ]B�$Bj$R}s�s8���� stI sjj B�Y�� Rk8ABjR Ys%� �Y�$� {Bt%�t�$Btsj 8�st$t�R� Vt sj���ts�$%�

M z! h65V=VWyVW �� sj�

qV Ne 1� qY� :��C�YTC�I��� P'�R�TC�I�� stI R�{CtITC�I�� ��stRP��PZt{�'CtR CP �Y� I'PP���t� P't'�� I'PP���t{� 9��YCIR stI �Y� �0s{�

C}��s�C�R

7{Y�8� q�stRP�� PZt{�$Bt

e-s{�yt���}Bjs�$Bt x(w�D ) d3$�R� I��$%s�$%� xdw�D ) 7�7�{BtI I��$%s�$%� x1w�D )��1

7�{BtITB�I�� {�t���IC( x(w�D ) {BRw�Qb1D

Cdb1 xdb1w�D )17

QR$tw�Qb1D

Cd xdw�D )7

QR$t �Q

C1 x1w�D )�1Q1wd� {BR �QD

]B8}s{� PBZ��YTB�I��

C( x(w�D ); {BRw�Qb1D

n L {BR �Q

Cdb1 xdb1w�D )17

Q

d1 R$tw�Qb1D

dd L {BR �Q

Cd xdw�D )7

Q

n R$t �Q

1 L {BR �Q

C1 x1w�D )d1

Q1{BR �Q� d{BR �QL x

7Z}�� {B8}s{� R$-�YTB�I��

C( x(w�D )dx {BRw�Qb1D L {BRwn�Qb1D

d( L E {BR �Q

Cdb1 xdb1w�D )7

Q

dE( R$twn�Qb1D L d;;( R$tw�Qb1D

�1n L 1nE {BR �QL {BR 1�Q

Cd xdw�D )7

Q

d( R$t 1�QL d(( R$t �Q

EE L x1 {BR �QL 1 {BR 1�Q

C1 x1w�D )d

Q1n( {BR 1�QL 1;( {BR �Q� 1�({BR 1�QL xE {BR �QL d1n

PB�8 BP wd1D $t ���8R BP %B��${$�k stI I$%����t{� & $R

(&

(0� WH L �

w(1_

(?1L(1_

(r1

W) (

(

(0L WH& ) ( wdnD

(_

(0LI& ) (

k sRRZ8$t� bs%� RBjZ�$BtR� �Y� PBjjBb$t� I$R}��R$Bt ��js�$Bt $R BA�s$t�IUw�

WH

W1) d L 1w�1 L f1D wd;D

bY��� � $R �Y� P��JZ�t{k� )$�IbWH $R �Y� iBRRAk �sI$ZR BP I�PB�8s�$Bt� stI

� stI f s�� �Y� bs%�tZ8A��R $t �Y� ? stI r I$��{�$BtR� ��R}�{�$%�jk�

$W q=h >6h $5 6>`hi _$�`V_q 6_=h�h 5$i 6`VqyVN -y55hihW_yWp �

w{D *$R{���� I$R}��R$Bt ��js�$BtRY$}

qB ��}��R�t� �Y� I$R{���� I$R}��R$Bt ��js�$BtRY$}R PB� �Y� $t���$sT��s%$�kbs%�R Bt V�s,sbs VTe ��$IR� �Y� ��t��${ �-}��RR$BtR BP �Y� I$R{���� I$R}��R$Bt��js�$BtRY$}R I��$%�I Ak jskB w1(((D s�� ZR�I� qY$R $I�s� Y���� {st A� �-��tI�I $ts R$8$js� bsk �B BA�s$t �Y� I$R{���� I$R}��R$Bt ��js�$Bt PB� �Y� � ��$I� qY���PB����Y� I$R{���� I$R}��R$Bt ��js�$BtR PB� �Y� $t���$sT��s%$�k bs%�R Bt �Y� VTe stI� ��$IR b$jj A�

V U

w�

WH

W1) d� 1

Jx 1d w�D L x 1d wfD

o U

w�

WH

W1) d� 1

�x1db1 w�D x

1( wfD L x 1db1 wfD x

1( w�D

=

] U

w�

WH

W1) x 1( w�D x

1( wfD� 1

�x 1db1 w�D L x 1db1 wfD

=wdxD

* U

w�

WH

W1) x 1( w�D x

1( wfD� 1

Jx1d w�D x

1( wfD L x 1d wfD x

1( w�D

oe U

w�

WH

W1) d� 1

�x1db1 w�D L x 1db1 wfD

=

� U

w�

WH

W1) d� 1 >x1 w�D L x1 wfDH

qY� I$R{���� I$R}��R$Bt ��js�$BtR PB� BZ� R�{BtI� PBZ��Y� stI R$-�YTB�I�� R{Y�8�Rs}}j$�I �B �Y� VTe stI � ��$IR b$jj A� PBZtI ZR$t� �Y� ��stRP�� PZt{�$BtR BP �Y�R�8��YBIR� �$%�t $t �sAj� 1�

qY� ��RZj�R BP �Y� I$R{���� ��js�$BtR BP �Y� I$&���t� 8��YBIR Bt �Y� tZ8��${sjVTe stI � ��$IR s�� }��R�t��I PB� s ��RBj%�I wbQ) 1D stI PB� st ZtI��T��RBj%�IwbQ) db1D {sR�R� stI s�� {B8}s��I b$�Y �Y� �-s{� {Bt�$tZBZR ��js�$Bt� qY�R$�t$h{st{� BP �Y�R� {YB${�R BP bQ YsR A��t I$R{ZRR�I Ak istIsjj wd��;D� 3$�Z�� 1RYBbR �Y� �-s{� tBtI$8�tR$Btsj P��JZ�t{k �bWH stI �Y� R$-�YTB�I�� 7]3*���}��R�t�s�$Bt BP �Y� I$R{���� ��js�$Bt sR s PZt{�$Bt BP �Q stI fQ PB� �Y� {sR�bQ) 1� Bt �Y� I$&���t� tZ8��${sj ��$IR� qY� ���$Bt bY��� �Y� I$R{���� stI �-s{�I$R}��R$Bt ��js�$BtRY$}R {B$t{$I�� $R s� �Y� jBb�� j�P�TYstI {B�t��� ]B8}s�$t��Y�R� ��RZj�R BA�s$t�I P�B8 �Y� R$-�YTB�I�� 7]3*�� b$�Y �Y� R�{BtITB�I��{�t���I wistIsjj d��;� *Z,Bb${9 d��xD stI �Y� PBZ��YTB�I�� {B8}s{� w}��PB�8�IAk }��R�t� sZ�YB�RD RYBbR s {j�s� $8}�B%�8�t� $t �Y� {B$t{$I� ���$Bt� 7$t{� $�8sk tB� A� �sRk �B {B8}s�� �Y� s{{Z�s{k BP �Y� I$R{���$9s�$BtR BA�s$t�I AkI$&���t� 8��YBIR� �Y� ��js�$%� ���B� BP �s{Y 8��YBI Bt I$&���t� ��$IR $R }jB���I�qY� ��js�$%� ���B� $R I�ht�I sR /�� � �t/b/��/� bY��� �� $R �Y� �-s{� P��JZ�t{kBA�s$t�I P�B8 eJ� wd;D stI �t $R �Y� ��$I P��JZ�t{k bY${Y $R {B8}Z��I PB�I$&���t� 8��YBIR Bt VTe stI � ��$IR� 3$�Z�� n }��R�t�R �Y� d(0 ���B� {Bt�BZ�PB� �Y� R�{BtITB�I�� {�t���I Bt I$&���t� ��$IR PB� �Y� ��RBj%�I stI ZtI��T��RBj%�I{sR�R wbQ) 1, db1D� 3$�Z��R ; stI x RYBb �Y� d(0 ���B� {Bt�BZ� PB� �Y� PBZ��YTB�I�� {B8}s{� stI �Y� R$-�YTB�I�� 7]3*�� ��R}�{�$%�jk� y� {st A� R��t �Ys� �Y�R$-�YTB�I�� 7]3*� j�sIR �B s %��k {j�s� $t{��sR� $t �Y� s{{Z�s{k BP �Y� P��JZ�t{kBP $t���$sT��s%$�k bs%�R� 3B� �s{Y BP �Y� �Y��� R{Y�8�R� �Y� A�R� ��RZj�R {B8� P�B8�Y� ] ��$I PB� �Y� ��RBj%�I {sR� stI �Y� ��$I PB� �Y� ZtI��T��RBj%�I {sR� bY�t�Y� V�s,sbs ��$IR s�� ZR�I� AZ� �Y� � ��$I �$%�R �Y� A�R� ��RZj�R PB� AB�Y {sR�R�

d( z! h65V=VWyVW �� sj�

3$�Z�� 1� qY� �-s{� stI �Y� R$-�YTB�I�� RZ}�� {B8}s{� ��}��R�t�s�$Bt BP �Y� tBtI$8�tR$Btsj P��JZ�t{k�bWH PB� $t���$sT��s%$�k bs%�R b$�Y bQ) 1� qY� YB�$9Bt�sj {BB�I$ts��R $t �Y� }jB�R s�� �Q stI fQ�

��R}�{�$%�jk� �-{�}� PB� �Y� e ��$I PB� bY${Y$1�Q stI

$1fQ s�� ZR�I�

<! 6}s�'sj I'PP���t{'t� CP RC9� }�C�C�k}� tCtj't�s� }�CBj�9R

N�� ZR R�� YBb �Y� tBtj$t�s�$�k $R s&�{��I Ak R}s�$sj I$&���t{$t�� qB�Y$R �tI� b� R�ZIk �Y� �bB Fs{BA$stR s}}�s�$t� $t �Y� %B��${$�k stI I$%��T��t{� �JZs�$BtR sR �Y� IB8$tst� tBtj$t�s� ���8R� qY� Fs{BA$stR s�� Ow�, DstI Ow`�, 8�D� bY��� � $R �Y� R���s8PZt{�$Bt� `� )�(�b(r� 8 ) (�b(?� stIOw�, V D ) (�b(?(Vb(r � (�b(r(Vb(? PB� stk �bB s�A$��s�k JZst�$�$�R � stIV � _YkR${sjjk R}�s,$t�� Ow�, D ��}��R�t�R %B��${$�k sI%�{�$Bt Ak tBtI$%����t�4Bb� stI s}s�� P�B8 s Ps{�B� 1 I�B}}�I PB� {Bt%�t$�t{�� Ow`�, 8�D ��}��R�t�R �Y�tBtj$t�s� ���8 $t Bj$tu]Ys�t�k Asjst{� �JZs�$Bt� yt bYs� PBjjBbR� b� sRRZ8��Ys� �Y� R���s8PZt{�$Bt stI %B��${$�k s�� Bt st ZtR�s�����I ��$I� qY� I$&���t���YBZ�Y $I�t�${sj $t {Bt�$tZBZR {sR�� PB�8R BP �Y� Fs{BA$st B}��s�B� PB� %B��${$�k

$W q=h >6h $5 6>`hi _$�`V_q 6_=h�h 5$i 6`VqyVN -y55hihW_yWp dd

κd/π

ld/π

0 0.25 0.5 0.75 10

0.1

0.2

0.3

0.4

0.5

0.6

0.7

0.8

0.9

1

D

A

B E

CZ

(a)

κd/π

ld/π

0 0.25 0.5 0.75 10

0.1

0.2

0.3

0.4

0.5

0.6

0.7

0.8

0.9

1

D

C

A

B

E

Z

(b)

3$�Z�� n� ]Bt�BZ� j$t�R BP d(0 ���B� $t P��JZ�t{k PB� �Y� I$R}��R$Bt ��js�$BtRY$} BP �Y� $t���$sT��s%$�kbs%� Bt VTe stI � ��$IR BA�s$t�I P�B8 �Y� R�{BtITB�I�� 8��YBI� wsD bQ) 1 stI wAD bQ) db1�

κd/π

ld/π

0 0.25 0.5 0.75 10

0.1

0.2

0.3

0.4

0.5

0.6

0.7

0.8

0.9

1

D

B

EA

C

Z

(a)

κd/π

ld/π

0 0.25 0.5 0.75 10

0.1

0.2

0.3

0.4

0.5

0.6

0.7

0.8

0.9

1(b)

Z

B

A

EC

D

3$�Z�� ;� ]Bt�BZ� j$t�R BP d(0 ���B� $t P��JZ�t{k PB� �Y� I$R}��R$Bt ��js�$BtRY$} BP �Y� $t���$sT��s%$�kbs%� Bt VTe stI � ��$IR BA�s$t�I P�B8 �Y� PBZ��YTB�I�� {B8}s{� 8��YBI� wsD bQ) 1 stI wAD bQ) db1�

sI%�{�$Bt ��sI wN$jjk d�Ex� <sj�$t�� stI G$jj$s8R d�M(DU

Odw�, D )(�

(?

(

(r� (�

(r

(

(?

O1w�, D )(

(?

w�(

(r

W� (

(r

w�(

(?

WwdED

Onw�, D )(

(r

w(�

(?

W� (

(?

w(�

(r

W

OVw�, D )d

nwOd L O1 L OnD

d1 z! h65V=VWyVW �� sj�

κd/π

ld/π

0 0.25 0.5 0.75 10

0.1

0.2

0.3

0.4

0.5

0.6

0.7

0.8

0.9

1

ED A

BC

Z

(a)

κd/π

ld/π

0 0.25 0.5 0.75 10

0.1

0.2

0.3

0.4

0.5

0.6

0.7

0.8

0.9

1(b)

D

ECA

ZB

3$�Z�� x� ]Bt�BZ� j$t�R BP d(0 ���B� $t P��JZ�t{k PB� �Y� I$R}��R$Bt ��js�$BtRY$} BP �Y� $t���$sT��s%$�kbs%� Bt VTe stI � ��$IR BA�s$t�I P�B8 �Y� R$-�YTB�I�� RZ}�� {B8}s{� 8��YBI� wsD bQ) 1 stI

wAD bQ) db1�

bY���

)n1� ) (1�

(?1L(1�

(r1wd�D

stI OV I�tB��R �Y� V�s,sbs Fs{BA$st� y� RYBZjI A� �8}YsR$9�I Y��� �Ys� �Y�Fs{BA$st B}��s�B�R wdED s�� I$&���t� bY�t I$R{���$9�I Ak tZ8��${sj 8��YBIR�

3BjjBb$t� ]7Mx stI NB��t9 wd�E(D� PB� s IBZAjk }��$BI${ IB8s$t� �Y�{Bt�$tZBZR � $R �-}stI�I $t s {B8}j�- 3BZ�$�� R��$�R b$�Y %�{�B� bs%�tZ8A���)E-L zk sR

� )3�

\� �-}>$w� NiDH#3�

�� wdMD

$t bY${Y - stI k s�� �Y� Zt$� %�{�B�R $t �Y� ? stI r I$��{�$BtR� ��R}�{�$%�jk�$ )

$�d� i) ?-L rk stI �Y� RZ88s�$Bt $R B%�� s ht$�� R�� BP $t����sjbs%�tZ8A��R E stI z� 3�B8 eJR� wd�D stI wdMD� `�� 8�� stI {st A� b�$���t sR

`� )�3�

$z\� �-}>$w� NiDH

8� )3�

$E\� �-}>$w� NiDH

)�3�

/�/1 \� �-}>$w� NiDH )�3�

/�/1 �� wd�D

7k88���${ PB�8R PB� Ow�, D wN$jjk d�ExD stI Ow`�, 8�D {st A� BA�s$t�I stsjk�T${sjjk� bY${Y ��sI

Ow�, D )d

1

3�I

3�II

D, N�I �IIi pee�IIee1 � ee�Iee1Q ��I��II w1(D

Ow`�, 8�D )d

1

3�I

3�II

>, N w�I �IIDH1��I��II w1dD

$W q=h >6h $5 6>`hi _$�`V_q 6_=h�h 5$i 6`VqyVN -y55hihW_yWp dn

bY��� �Y� Zt$� %�{�B� ,) - k� <��� s ��t��sj P�s8�bB�,� %sj$I PB� �%��k ht$��I$&���t{� R{Y�8�� $R I��$%�I �B �-}��RR �Y� I$R{���� PB�8 PB� �s{Y BP �Y� Fs{BA$stB}��s�B�R� 3B� �Y� Rs,� BP {js�$�k� b� I$&���t�$s�� �Y� ��$ITAsR� I$R{���� JZst�$�$�RAk s �$jI� B%�� �Y�$� {Bt�$tZBZR {BZt���}s��R� VRRZ8$t� �Y� PBjjBb$t� �-}stR$BtPB� �Y� I$R{���� R���s8PZt{�$Bt s� �Y� ��$I }B$t� 7, i�

K�7,i )3�

\� �-}>$w� Ni$,` DH#3�

K�� ,

�Y� I$R{���� `�� 8�� stI {st �Y�t A� �-}��RR�I sR

wK̀�D7,i )�3�

$ wk N fw�DD K�� ,

wK8�D7,i )3�

$ w- N fw�DD K�� ,

K7,i )�3�

w w�D K�� 3

<��� PB� {Bt%�t$�t{�� b� Ys%� I�ht�I �Y� %�{�B� PZt{�$Bt fw�D stI �Y� R{sjs�PZt{�$Bt w w�D ��js��I �B �Y� ��stRP�� PZt{�$BtR BP �Y� h�R� stI R�{BtI I��$%s�$%�R���R}�{�$%�jk�

fw�D ) �$>xdwED-L xdwzDkH ,

w w�D ) �>x1wED L x1wzDH 3

k RZAR�$�Z�$t� �Y� sAB%� �-}��RR$BtR PB� K�� K̀� � K8� � stI K $t �Y� I$&���t�Fs{BA$st B}��s�B�R wdED� �Y�$� I$R{���� %��R$BtR s�� BA�s$t�I

KOdw K�, KD )d

1

��I

��II

, N�fw�ID fw�IID

a>w w�IID� w w�IDH K��I

K��II

KO1w K�, KD )d

1

��I

��II

, N f>w�I L�IIDH �fw�IIDw w�IID L fw�IDw w�ID

aK��I

K��II

KOnw K�, KD ) �d

1

��I

��II

, N f>w�I L�IIDH �fw�IIDw w�ID L fw�IDw w�IID

aK��I

K��II

KOVw K�, KD )d

E

��I

��II

, N�fw�ID fw�IID L f>w�I L�IIDH >fw�IID�fw�IDH

a

>w w�IID� w w�IDH K��IK��II 3 w11D

7$8$js�jk� �Y� I$R{���� %��R$BtR BP Ow`� , 8�D {st A� PBZtI� 3B� �Y� Rs,� BP A��%$�k�b� Btjk �$%� �Y� �-}��RR$Bt PB� Odw`�, 8�D stI OVw`�, 8�D� bY${Y ��sIR

KOdwK̀�, K8�D )d

1

3�I

3�II

\, N >fw�ID fw�IIDHi1 K��IK��II w1nD

KOVwK̀�, K8�D )d

E

3�I

3�II

\w, N >fw�ID fw�IIDHDw, N >fw�ID fw�IIDH L

, N >fw�ID�fw�IIDH fw�I L�IIDDi K��IK��II 3 w1;D

WBb $� ��8s$tR �B htI �Y� PZt{�$BtR f stI w PB� �Y� tZ8��${sj R{Y�8�RR�ZI$�I� bY${Y s�� �sR$jk BA�s$t�I Ak ZR$t� �Y� h�R� stI R�{BtI B�I�� ��stRP��

d; z! h65V=VWyVW �� sj�

PZt{�$BtR �$%�t $t �sAj� 1� qY�R� PZt{�$BtR s��

fw�D ) R$twEQD

Q-L

R$twzQD

Qk, w w�D ) R$t1wEQb1D

wQb1D1LR$t1wzQb1D

wQb1D1

PB� �Y� R�{BtITB�I�� {�t���I� �Y� Rs8� sR �Y� ��RZj�R Ak N$jjk wd�ExD�

fw�D )n R$twEQD

Q>1 L {BRwEQDH-L

n R$twzQD

Q>1 L {BRwzQDHk, w w�D )

d1>d� {BRwEQDH

Q1>x L {BRwEQDHL

d1>d� {BRwzQDH

Q1>x L {BRwzQDH

PB� �Y� {B8}s{� PBZ��YTB�I�� sR I��$%�I Ak ]7Mx� stI

fw�D )d( R$tw1EQD L d(( R$twEQD

Q>EEL x1 {BRwEQD L 1 {BRw1EQDH-L

d( R$tw1zQD L d(( R$twzQD

Q>EE L x1 {BRwzQD L 1 {BRw1zQDHk

w w�D ) �d

Q1

kn( {BRw1EQD L 1;( {BRwEQD� 1�(

{BRw1EQD L xE {BRwEQD L d1nL

n( {BRw1zQD L 1;( {BRwzQD� 1�(

{BRw1zQD L xE {BRwzQD L d1n

L

PB� �Y� R$-�YTB�I�� 7]3*��V I��s$j�I s{{BZt� BP �Y� }�B}���$�R BP �Y� Fs{BA$st B}��s�B�R KOd� KO1� KOn� stI

KO� PB� �Y� %B��${$�k sI%�{�$Bt s�� �$%�t $t ]7Mx� V A�$�P s{{BZt� PBjjBb$t� ]7Mx $R�$%�t Y���� qY� tZ8��${sj ���B�R $t �Y� I$R{���� Fs{BA$stR {B8� P�B8 �bB RBZ�{�R�w$D �Y� s8}j$�ZI� ���B�R sRRB{$s��I b$�Y �Y� ht$�� I$&���t{� s}}�B-$8s�$BtR PB��Y� h�R� stI �Y� R�{BtI I��$%s�$%�R stI w$$D �Y� {BZ}j$t� ���B�R sRRB{$s��I b$�Y�Y� tBtj$t�s� $t���s{�$BtR� qY� {BZ}j$t� ���B�R $t%Bj%� bs%�R BP sjj bs%�j�t��YRstI s�� I$R�$t{� PB�8 sj$sR$t� ���B�R� qY� 8s�t$�ZI�R BP �Y� {BZ}j$t� ���B�R $t�Y� s}}�B-$8s�$BtR BP O1 stI On s�� �JZsj AZ� BP B}}BR$�� R$�tR� qY� {BZ}j$t����B�R IB tB� s}}�s� $t Od stI �YZR $t OV� 3B� Od �Y� sj$sR$t� ���B�R b$jjs8}j$Pk� *Z� �B �Y� %��k s{{Z�s�� ��}��R�t�s�$Bt BP �t���k �-{Yst��R s8Bt�I$&���t� bs%�R� �Y� V�s,sbs Fs{BA$st $R }��P����I PB� �Y� I$R{���$9s�$Bt BP �Y�%B��${$�k sI%�{�$Bt �-}��RR�I $t Fs{BA$st� y� $R $t����R�$t� �B tB�� �Ys� �Y� KO1�KOn� stI KO� {BZt���}s��R BP KOd �$%�t $t eJ� w1nD PB� Ow`� , 8�D RYs�� �Y� Rs8�}�B}���$�R b$�Y Ow�, D BZ�j$t�I sAB%� sR ���s�IR �Y� {BZ}j$t� ���B�R� y� R��8R�Ys� �Y� I$R{���� {BZt���}s��R BP Ow�, D stI Ow`� , 8�D YBjI �Y� Rs8� bs%�Tbs%�$t���s{�$Bt }�B}���$�R�

yt �Y$R }s}��� Btjk �Y� ��RZj�R PB� �Y� s8}j$�ZI� ���B�R BP KOVw K�, KD stIKOdwK̀�, K8�D s�� }��R�t��I� N$,� ]7Mx� b� sRRZ8� �Ys� � $R {B8}BR�I BP �bB{B8}Bt�t�R Ys%$t� I$&���t� bst�tZ8A��R Ed stI E1 $t �Y� ?TI$��{�$Bt stIbs%�tZ8A�� z $t �Y� rTI$��{�$Bt

� )\Ee,z �-}>$wEd?L zrDH L\E3,z �-}>$wE1?L zrDH w1xD

k RZAR�$�Z�$t� eJ� w1xD $t�B eJ� w1(D stI eJ� w1dD� ��R}�{�$%�jk� �Y� �-s{�stsjk�${sj �-}��RR$BtR PB� �Y� {Bt�$tZBZR Fs{BA$stR s�� BA�s$t�I sR

Ow�, D )�zwE1 �EdDwE11 �E1

dD\Ee,z\E3,z �-}\$>wEd LE1D?L 1zrHi w1ED

Ow`�, 8�D ) z1wEd �E1D1\Ee ,z\E3,z �-}\$>wEd LE1D? L 1zrHi w1�D

7$8$js�jk� 8s,$t� ZR� BP �Y� PZt{�$BtR f stI w PB� I$&���t� tZ8��${sj 8��YBIR�stI RZAR�$�Z�$t� eJ� w1xD $t�B eJ� w11D stI eJ� w1nD �$%� ZR �Y� I$R{�����s}}�B-$8s�� �-}��RR$Bt PB� �s{Y Fs{BA$st stI �s{Y tZ8��${sj 8��YBI� 3B� KOd stIKOV� {BtR$R��t� b$�Y �Y� �-s{� ��RZj�R �Y� tBtj$t�s� $t���s{�$Bt A��b��t �Y� �bBbs%�R wEd, zD stI wE1, zD b$jj ��stRP�� �t���k RBj�jk $t�B �Y� bs%� wEd LE1, 1zD�

$W q=h >6h $5 6>`hi _$�`V_q 6_=h�h 5$i 6`VqyVN -y55hihW_yWp dx

qB �%sjZs�� �Y� �-s{� stI s}}�B-$8s�� Fs{BA$stR� $� $R s}}�B}�$s�� �B 8s,� s}YkR${sjjk 8�st$t�PZj 8BI�j PB� �Y� s8}j$�ZI�\E,z� qB �Y$R �tI� b� P���jk AB��BbP�B8 �Y� tZ8��${sj ��RZj�R BP OZst stI <s8$j�Bt wd��;D� Y���sP��� O<�;� PB��Y� PB�{�ITI$RR$}s�$%� W T}jst� RYsjjBb bs��� �Z�AZj�t{�� G� sRRZ8� �Y� �t���kR}�{��Z8 }��R�t��I $t 3$�� E PB� �Y� }B��t�$BT%B��${sj {B8}Bt�t� BP �Y� 4Bb�bY${Y $R s Rj$�Y� $I�sj$Rs�$Bt BP �Ys� �$%�t $t 3$�� ; BP O<�;� qB ��{B%�� �Y�s8}j$�ZI� PB� R���s8PZt{�$Bt� b� ZR� JZsR$��BR��B}Y${ ��js�$BtR $t �Y� }B��t�$BT%B��${sj �t���k o $t R}�{��sj R}s{� �$%�t Ak O<�; $t �Y�$� eJ� 1�1n�

o )d

1IwE1 L z1 L

d

1D\1E,z w1MD

stI BA�s$t \E,z )D1obwIwE1 L z1 L db1DD

idb1� VIs}�$t� �Y� I$8�tR$Btsj }sT

�s8����R ZR�I Ak O<�; �B s 1$ IBZAjkT}��$BI${ IB8s$t PB� {Bt%�t$�t{�� b��s,� I ) d� ) (3n� z) d� stI Ed, E1 ) d, 1, 3 3 3 , E;� 3$�Z�� � }��R�t�R �Y�stsjk�${sj Fs{BA$stR w1ED stI w1�D s�s$tR� �Y� bs%�tZ8A��R Ed stI E1� qY�{Bt�BZ�R RYBb �Y� �-s{� %sjZ�R BP �Y� Fs{BA$stR� 8B�� }��{$R�jk �Y� Ps{�B�R $t P�Bt�BP �-}\$>wEd LE1D?L 1zrHi $t w1ED stI w1�D� y� {st A� R��t �Ys� js��� %sjZ�RPB� �Y� Fs{BA$stR b$jj s}}�s� bY�t �Y� I$&���t{� $t �Y� bs%�tZ8A��R A��b��t�Y� �bB bs%�R $R %��k js��� stI �Y� bs%�tZ8A��R s�� tB� �BB js���� 3$�Z�� �sjRB RYBbR s 9Bt� BP b�s, $t���s{�$BtR s�BZtI �Y� j$t� Ed )E1� �Y� R$9� BP bY${YI�{��sR�R s� �Y� jBb�� j�P�TYstI {B�t�� BP �Y� h�Z��� 3$�Z�� M }��R�t�R �Y� x0 stI

Total Wavenumber

E

10 20 30 40 506010-2

10-1

100

101

3$�Z�� E� qY� }B��t�$BT%B��${sj �t���k R}�{��Z8 ZR�I �B 8BI�j �Y� bs%�tZ8A�� I$R��$AZ�$Bt BP �Y�s8}j$�ZI� BP ��

1(0 ��js�$%� ���B�R PB� KOVw K�, KD stI KOdwK̀�, K8�D stI �Y� �Y��� tZ8��${sj R{Y�8�R�WB�${� �Ys� �Y� ���B� $t{��sR�R P�B8 R8sjj �B js��� %sjZ�R BP Ed stI E1 sj8BR�$RB��B}${sjjk� �-{�}� PB� s ��IZ{�$Bt s� js��� %sjZ�R BP �Y� bs%�tZ8A��R s� �Y�Z}}�� �$�Y�TYstI {B�t�� PB� KOdwK̀�, K8�D� y� $R {j�s� �Ys� �Y� PBZ��YTB�I�� {B8}s{�8��YBI �$%�R s R$�t$h{st� $8}�B%�8�t� Bt �Y� R�{BtITB�I�� {�t���I� 3Z��Y����Y� R$-�YTB�I�� 7]3*� �t`BkR s tB�${�sAjk js���� ���$Bt b$�Y ��js�$%� ���B� j�RR�Yst AB�Y x0 stI 1(0 {B8}s��I b$�Y �Y� PBZ��YTB�I�� {B8}s{�� y� $R �-}�{��I�Ys� �Y� ZR� BP R$-�YTB�I�� 7]3*� b$jj PZ��Y�� $8}�B%� �Y� ��}��R�t�s�$Bt BPbs%�Tbs%� $t���s{�$BtR� pjBAsj 8�sRZ��R PB� �Y� ���B� $t �Y� R}�{��sj R}s{� BP Ed

stI E1 s�� �$%�t $t �sAj� n PB� �Y� �bB Fs{BA$stR ZR$t� E; stI d1M bs%�R� qY�

dE z! h65V=VWyVW �� sj�

-500

-500

-350

-350

-200

-200-200

-50

-50

-50

-50

m1

m2

10 20 30 40 50 60

10

20

30

40

50

60

(a)

1

11

3

3

3 3

5

5

5 5

7

7

7 7

9

9

9

11

11

m1

m2

10 20 30 40 50 60

10

20

30

40

50

60

(b)

3$�Z�� �� qY� I$R��$AZ�$Bt BP �-s{� %sjZ�R BP wsD Ow�, D stI wAD Ow`� , 8�D BA�s$t�I stsjk�${sjjk P�B8w1ED stI w1�D� qY� {Bt�BZ�R ��}��R�t� �Y� s8}j$�ZI�R BP �Y� bs%� wEd LE1 , 1zD�

�jBAsj ���B�� s tB�8sj$R�I q1 tB�8� $R I�ht�I Ak

q1wOD )

+{p/ KOwEd, E1D� OwEd, E1D/1

Q�db1\{ w/OwEd, E1/1Didb1

w1�D

bY���

{wOD )]E3Ee)d

]E3E3)d

OEe,E3

wn(D

stI ]E $R �Y� tZ8A�� BP bs%�R ZR�I� ]B8}s��I b$�Y �Y� PBZ��YTB�I�� {B8}s{��s t�s�jk 1x0 ��IZ{�$Bt $t ���B� $R BAR��%�I PB� �Y� R$-�YTB�I�� 7]3*��

qV Ne n� pjCBsj ���C� 9�sRZ��R PC� �Y� R�{CtI� PCZ��Y� stI R'0�Y C�I��s}}�C0'9s�'CtR �C Ow�, D stI Ow`� , 8�D ZR't� E; stI d1M cs(�R!

Ow�, D Ow`� , 8�D

���YBI ]E ) E; ]E ) d1M ]E ) E; ]E ) d1M

7�{BtITB�I�� {�t���I (�M(1M( (��E�M� (�EEEdx (�x�;M�]B8}s{� PBZ��YTB�I�� (�x�nEd (�x;(�n (�;1ddM (�nx;xE7Z}�� {B8}s{� R$-�YTB�I�� (�;E;dx (�;n1dn (�nndEx (�1�E�M

x! 6}Y��'{sj ��C9���k

yt �Y$R R�{�$Bt� �Y� }�BAj�8 BP ��{BtR��Z{�$Bt BP �Y� R���s8PZt{�$Bt h�jI P�B8�Y� %B��${$�k Bt �Y� R}Y��� $R {BtR$I���I� V b�jjT,tBbt stsjk�${sj RBjZ�$Bt $R ZR�I�B {B8}s�� �Y� ��RZj�R BP �Y� �Y��� R{Y�8�R� 3B� �Y� stsjk�${sj {sR� �Y� iBRRAku<sZ�b$�9 bs%�� bY${Y $R Bt� BP �Y� R�stIs�I ��R�R }�B}BR�I Ak G$jj$s8RBt ��sj� wd��1D� $R ZR�I� 3B� �Y� iBRRAku<sZ�b$�9 bs%� �Y� $t$�$sj %�jB{$�k h�jI $RtBtI$%����t� stI �$%�t Ak �Y� R���s8PZt{�$Bt

� )�y1" R$t�L y1� {BRp � R$t� {BRp

$W q=h >6h $5 6>`hi _$�`V_q 6_=h�h 5$i 6`VqyVN -y55hihW_yWp d�

m1

m2

10 20 30 40 50 60

10

20

30

40

50

60

(1)

(2)

(3)

(a)

m1m

2

10 20 30 40 50 60

10

20

30

40

50

60

(b)

(1)

(2)

(3)

m1

m2

10 20 30 40 50 60

10

20

30

40

50

60

(1)

(2)

(3)

(c)

m1

m2

10 20 30 40 50 60

10

20

30

40

50

60

(d)

(1)

(2)

(3)

3$�Z�� M� qY� {Bt�BZ�R ��}��R�t� �Y� x0 ��js�$%� ���B� PB� wsD KOVw K�, KD stI wAD KOdwK̀� , K8�D� stI �Y�

1(0 ��js�$%� ���B� PB� w{D KOVw K�, KD stI wID KOdwK̀� , K8�D� qY� IsRY�I� IsRY�ITIB���I� stI RBj$I j$t�R s��PB�� ��R}�{�$%�jk� wdD �Y� R�{BtITB�I�� {�t���I� w1D �Y� PBZ��YTB�I�� {B8}s{�� stI wnD �Y� R$-�YTB�I��

7]3*��

stI �Y� %B��${$�k Ak

) 1" R$t ��� R$t � {BRp �wp1 L npL 1D {BRp

bY��� "� � stI p s�� {BtR�st�R sR

" )� ) �3M;M d(�E R�d, p) ;

stI y) E3n�d11 d(E 8 $R �Y� �sI$ZR BP �Y� es��Y�qB htI �Y� R���s8PZt{�$Bt P�B8 �Y� ,tBbt %B��${$�k h�jI s _B$RRBt �JZs�$Bt

Bt �Y� R}Y��� 8ZR� A� RBj%�I

n1� ) wndD

bY��� �Y� Ns}js{$st B}��s�B� $R

n1 ) d

y1 {BR1 �

(1

(1L

d

y1 {BR �

w(

(�{BR �

(

(�

W

dM z! h65V=VWyVW �� sj�

$t bY${Y y $R �Y� es��Y �sI$ZR� �Y� jBt�$�ZI� stI � �Y� js�$�ZI��qY� _B$RRBt �JZs�$Bt $R RBj%�I Bt s IBZAjk }��$BI${ jBt�$�ZI�Tjs�$�ZI� ��$I

RkR��8� qY� jBt�$�ZI�Tjs�$�ZI� ��$I RkR��8 BP 3B�tA��� wd��xD stI W$Y�$ stIyRY$$ w1((nD $R ZR�I PB� �Y� {B8}Z�s�$Bt� qY� ��$I }B$t�R $t �Y$R RkR��8 s��s��st��I RZ{Y �Ys� tB ��$I }B$t�R s�� s� �Y� }Bj�R� qY$R ��$I RkR��8 YsR �Y�sI%st�s�� BP s%B$I$t� R$t�Zjs�$�k s� �Y� }Bj�R stI �tsAj$t� �Y� }��$BI${ ABZtIs�k{BtI$�$BtR �B A� $8}BR�I $t AB�Y jBt�$�ZI� stI js�$�ZI� I$��{�$BtR� y� RYBZjI A�tB��I �Ys� �Y� R$�t BP s JZst�$�k 8ZR� A� sI`ZR��I }�B}��jk bY�t ZR$t� �Y�}��$BI${ ABZtIs�k {BtI$�$Bt $t js�$�ZI� I$��{�$Bt� I�}�tI$t� Bt bY��Y�� �Y�JZst�$�k $R R{sjs� B� %�{�B��

Vjj BP �Y� �Y��� R{Y�8�R s�� ZR�I �B I$R{���$9� �Y� R}s�$sj I��$%s�$%�R BPeJ� wndD �B htI �Y� tZ8��${sj R���s8PZt{�$Bt hj�I BP �Y� iBRRAku<sZ�b$�9bs%�� 7}s�$sj I$R{���$9s�$Bt BP �Y� I��$%s�$%�R s�� }��PB�8�I $t AB�Y jBt�$�ZI�stI js�$�ZI� I$��{�$BtR bY${Y j�sIR �B RBj%� s {k{j${ AjB{, ��$I$s�Btsj RkR��8$t �s{Y I$��{�$Bt PB� �Y� PBZ��YTB�I�� {B8}s{� stI �Y� R$-�YTB�I�� 7]3*� stIs {k{j${ ��$I$s�Btsj RkR��8 PB� �Y� R�{BtI B�I�� {�t���I� qY�R� RBjZ�$BtR s��{B8}s��I b$�Y �Y� stsjk�${sj R���s8PZt{�$Bt BP �Y� iBRRAku<sZ�b$�9 bs%� �BhtI �Y� ���B� BP �s{Y R{Y�8�� qY� PBjjBb$t� tB�8sj$R�I �jBAsj ���B� $R ZR�I PB��Y� ���B� 8�sRZ��8�t� wG$jj$s8RBt �� sj� d��1DU

q1wRD )

\{D/Rw, �D� R

hw, �D/1i�db1

\{ w/Rhw, �D/1Didb1

wn1D

bY��� R stI Ros�� }YkR${sj JZst�$�$�R BP �Y� tZ8��${sj RBjZ�$Bt stI �Y� �-s{�

RBjZ�$Bt� ��R}�{�$%�jk� qY� PZt{�$Bt { $R I�ht�I sR

{wRD )d

;$

]3>)d

]�3q)d

R>,q{BR � N 1 R$tw��b1D� wnnD

$t bY${Y ] stI ]� s�� �Y� tZ8A�� BP ��$I }B$t�R $t jBt�$�ZI� stI js�$�ZI�I$��{�$BtR� �) 1$b]� ��) $b]� stI R>,q $R s }YkR${sj JZst�$�k s� �Y� ��$I}B$t� BP w>, �qD ) \>�,�$b1 L wq � db1D��i�

3B� }��$BI${ IB8s$tR� � $R ,tBbt b$�Y$t s {BtR�st�� y� $R 8�st$t�PZj �B{B8}s�� �Y� s{{Z�s{k BP R}s�$sj I��$%s�$%�R BP � �t���$t� $t�B �Y� {B8}Z�s�$Bt BP%�jB{$�k {B8}Bt�t�R� 3$�Z�� � RYBbR �Y� tB�8sj$R�I �jBAsj ���B� q1 PB� (�b(� s�I$&���t� YB�$9Bt�sj ��RBjZ�$BtR $t jBt�$�ZI� stI js�$�ZI� I$��{�$BtR� {sj{Zjs��I PB��Y� R�{BtITB�I�� {�t���I� PBZ��YTB�I�� {B8}s{�� stI R$-�YTB�I�� 7]3*�� y� {stA� R��t �Ys� �Y� R$-�YTB�I�� 7]3*� �$%�R s 8s�,�I $8}�B%�8�t� $t s{{Z�s{kBt �Y� PBZ��YTB�I�� {B8}s{�� sj8BR� �Y� Rs8� sR �Y� $8}�B%�8�t� RYBbt Ak�Y� PBZ��YTB�I�� {B8}s{� Bt �Y� R{�tITB�I�� {�t���I� y� $R bB��Y 8�t�$Bt$t��Ys� �Y� {Bt%����t{� �s��R RYBbt Ak �Y� �Y��� _B$RRBt RBjZ�$BtR s�� {BtR$R��t�b$�Y �Y�$� B�I�� BP s{{Z�s{k� qY� Y$�Y�� s{{Z�s{k �-Y$A$��I Ak �Y� PBZ��YT stIR$-�YTB�I�� _B$RRBt RBj%��R $R �RR�t�$sj PB� �Y� jBt� ���8 }��PB�8st{� BP �Y�%B��${$�k wB� }B��t�$sj %B��${$�kDTI$%����t{� AsR�I }�$8$�$%� �JZs�$Bt sj�B�$�Y8RwqBjR�k,Y 1((1D�

qB {B8}s�� �Y� {B8}Z�s�$Btsj {BR�R BP �Y� R{Y�8�R� b� Ys%� {B8}Z��I �Y�]_= �$8�R PB� I$&���t� ��RBjZ�$BtR� 3B� �-s8}j� s� x I�����R ��RBjZ�$Bt� �Y�PBZ��YTB�I�� {B8}s{� 8��YBI $R E �$8�R 8B�� �-}�tR$%� �Yst �Y� R�{BtITB�I��Bt� stI �Y� R$-�YTB�I�� 7]3*� $R 1 �$8�R 8B�� �-}�tR$%� �Yst �Y� PBZ��YTB�I��{B8}s{� 8��YBI� y� RYBZjI A� �8}YsR$9�I �Ys� �Y� sj�B�$�Y8R I�%�jB}�I Y��� �B

$W q=h >6h $5 6>`hi _$�`V_q 6_=h�h 5$i 6`VqyVN -y55hihW_yWp d�

RBj%� �Y� _B$RRBt �JZs�$Bt s�� tB� �^{$�t� stI B}�$8sj RBjZ�$Bt }�B{�IZ��R PB��%��k R{Y�8� {st A� I�%$R�I� 3Z��Y��8B��� $� $R $tR��Z{�$%� �B A�$t� �B s���t�$Bt�Y� PBjjBb$t� $RRZ�R� 3$�R�� �Y� �-��s {BR� BP Y$�Y��TB�I�� _B$RRBt RBj%��R {stA�R� A� b�$�Y�I s�s$tR� �Y� Y$�Y�� s{{Z�s{k s{Y$�%�I bY��� �Y�k s�� ZR�I sR}s�� BP s js���� 8BI�j j$,� �Y� RYsjjBb bs��� �JZs�$BtR� 7�{BtI� bY�t ZR�IBtjk PB� js�$�ZI$tsj I$��{�$Bt $t {B8A$ts�$Bt b$�Y PsR� 3BZ�$�� ��stRPB�8 w33qD$t jBt�$�ZI$tsj I$��{�$Bt �Y� �-��s {BR� BP �Y� R$-�YTB�I�� 7]3*� B%�� �Y�PBZ��YTB�I�� {B8}s{� wqBjR�k,Y 1((1D I�}�tIR j$t�s�jk Bt R}s�$sj ��RBjZ�$Bt $tjs�$�ZI$tsj I$��{�$Bt� !t �Y$R {BZt�� s {B8A$t�I 33qT7]3*� sj�B�$�Y8 R��8RP�sR$Aj��

∆λ = ∆φ

l 2

2 4 6 8 1010-11

10-9

10-7

10-5

10-3

10-1

2nd-orderCompact 4th-orderSuper Compact 6th-order

3$�Z�� �� WB�8sj$R�I q1 ���B� BP (�b(� h�jI sR s PZt{�$Bt BP ��RBjZ�$Bt BA�s$t�I ZR$t� �Y� R�{BtITB�I�� {�t���I� PBZ��YTB�I�� {B8}s{�� stI R$-�YTB�I�� 7]3*� PB� �Y� iBRRAku<sZ�b$�9 bs%�� V Zt$PB�8

��RBjZ�$Bt� RYBbt $t I�����R $t �Y� h�Z��� $R ZR�I $t AB�Y stI � I$��{�$BtR�

E! _Ct{jZI't� ��9s�/R

3B� �Y� j$t�s� }�B}s�s�$Bt BP $t���$sT��s%$�k bs%�R Bt �Y� W T}jst�� �Y� R$-�YTB�I�� 7]3*� RYBbR s R$�t$h{st� $8}�B%�8�t� Bt �Y� {Bt%�t�$Btsj R�{BtITB�I��{�t���I stI �Y� PBZ��YTB�I�� {B8}s{�� VR s ��8s�,� b� �-}�{� �Y� Rs8� PB��Y� j$t�s� }�B}s�s�$Bt BP iBRRAk bs%�R Bt �Y� #T}jst� w*Z,Bb${9 d��xD stI Bt�Y� R}Y���� 3B� �Y� tBtj$t�s� }�BAj�8R ��}��R�t��I Ak �Y� Fs{BA$stR $t%Bj%�I $t%B��${$�k sI%�{�$Bt Ak tBtI$%����t� 4Bb stI $t Bj$tu]Ys�t�k Asjst{� �JZs�$Bt��Y� $8}�B%�8�t� Ak �Y� R$-�YTB�I�� 7]3*� Bt �Y� PBZ��YTB�I�� {B8}s{� $tbs%�tZ8A�� I$R��$AZ�$Bt BP �Y� Fs{BA$stR $R tB�${�sAj�� s8BZt�$t� �B t�s�jk s1x0 ��IZ{�$Bt $t �Y� �jBAsj ���B� 8�sRZ��R }��R�t��I� qY� Y$�Y�� s{{Z�s{k $R�-}�{��I �B 8st$P�R� $�R�jP $t AB�Y �Y� jBt�T���8 4Bb �%BjZ�$Bt stI $t8s$t�s$t$t�tBtj$t�s� Asjst{� wR�� �BY�AsjYB`�Y stI *�$�R{Y�j 1(((D� 3B� �Y� ��{BtR��Z{�$BtBP �Y� R���s8PZt{�$Bt BP �Y� %B��${$�k h�jI BP �Y� iBRRAku<sZ�b$�9 bs%�� �Y�R$-�YTB�I�� 7]3*� $8}�B%�R 8s�,�Ijk Bt �Y� PBZ��YTB�I�� {B8}s{�� 3B� sjj BP�Y� �Y��� }�BAj�8R {BtR$I���I� �Y� R�{BtITB�I�� {�t���I $R 8st$P�R�jk $t ���B��

GYs� $R {���s$t $R �Ys� �Y� R$-�YTB�I�� 7]3*� B&��R s }�B8$R$t� ht$��TI$&���t{� 8��YBI �B $8}j�8�t� $t $I�sj$R�I stI ��sjTbB�jI 8BI�jR BP �Y� s�8BRT}Y��� stI B{�stR� y� {B8A$t�R Y$�Y s{{Z�s{k B%�� s ���s� }s�� BP R}�{��sj R}s{�

1( z! h65V=VWyVW �� sj�

b$�Y jBb {BR� stI 8$t$8sj R��t{$j R$9�� y� $t%Bj%�R Btjk $t%���$t� AjB{, �Y���TI$s�Btsj 8s��${�R bYBR� {B8}Z�s�$Btsj {BR� I�}�tIR j$t�s�jk Bt R}s�$sj ��RBjZT�$Bt� y� �t`BkR s RkR��8s�${ I��$%s�$Bt� bY${Y {st A� �sR$jk �-��tI�I �B Y$�Y��B�I��R�

qY� {B8}s{� stI RZ}�� {B8}s{� R{Y�8�R {st A� $8}j�8�t��I �$�Y�� PZjjkB� }s��$sjjk $t 8BI�jR BP �Y� s�8BR}Y��� $t %s�$BZR bskR� V PZjj $8}j�8�t�s�$Btw���� 7}B�9 �� sj� d��M� W$Y�$ stI yRY$$ 1((nD {st A� �t%$Rs��I �$�Y�� $t eZj��$st4Z-\sI%�{�$%� PB�8R B� $t sI%�{�$%� R�8$TNs��st�$st sj�B�$�Y8R BP� PB� �-s8}j���Y� RYsjjBb bs��� �JZs�$BtR� 3B� eZj��$st sj�B�$�Y8R� �Y� sI%st�s�� BP 4Z- PB�8�B sI%�{�$%� PB�8 $R $t �Y� 8s$t��tst{� BP �jBAsj {BtR��%s�$Bt BP 8sRR stI%B��${$�k� I�}�tI$t� Bt PB�8Zjs�$Bt� V PZjj $8}j�8�t�s�$Bt $t 4Z- PB�8 ZR$t�}B��t�$sj %B��${$�k� Y�$�Y�� stI I$%����t{� PB�8Zjs�$Bt $R ZtI�� bsk� bY��� �Y�$RRZ�R BP R�sA$j$�k� I$RR$}s�$Bt� {B8}Z�s�$Btsj {BR�� stI s{{Z�s{k $t {B8}j�-�tBtj$t�s� 4BbR $t%Bj%$t� bs%�u%B���- $t���s{�$BtR b$jj A� sII��RR�I� VR }s��$sj$8}j�8�t�s�$Bt� b� {st ��P�� �B RBj%$t� Btjk �Y� �jj$}�${ �JZs�$BtR $t%Bj%�I $t%s�$BZR PB�8Zjs�$BtR BP �Y� RYsjjBb bs��� �JZs�$BtR� �Y� R$8}j�R� �-s8}j� BPbY${Y $R RBj%$t� _B$RRBt �JZs�$BtR PB� R���s8PZt{�$Bt stI %�jB{$�k }B��t�$sj� 7Z{Ys}}j${s�$Bt $R sjRB {Z���t�jk ZtI�� bsk PB� �Y� {Bt�BZ�TsI%�{�$%� R�8$TNs��st�$stsj�B�$�Y8R w*�$�R{Y�j stI V8AsZ8 d���� *�$�R{Y�j �� sj� d���D BP �Y� RYsjjBbbs��� �JZs�$BtR $t R}Y��${sj ��B8���k�

V{/tCcj�I��9�t�R

VZ�YB�R bBZjI j$,� �B �Yst, =t$%��R$�k BP q�Y�st stI V�8BR}Y��${ 7{$�t{� m����B�BjB�${sj i�R�s�{Y ]�t��� wV7�ei]D BP y�st PB� RZ}}B�� BP �Y$R ��R�s�{Y�

i�P���t{�R

V�s,sbs� V� stI Ns8A� i� d��� ]B8}Z�s�$Btsj I�R$�t BP �Y� AsR${ Ikts8${ }�B{�RR�R BP �Y�=]NV ��t��sj {$�{Zjs�$Bt 8BI�j� ���YBIR $t ]B8}Z�sT

�$Btsj _YkR${R� d�� d�;u1Ex jskB� e� 1((( ]B8}s{� ht$�� I$&���t{� R{Y�8�R PB� B{�st 8BI�jR d� B{�st

bs%�R� F� ]B8}Z�� _YkR�� dE;� 1;du1x�]Yst�� <� stI 7Y$���� <� W� d�Mx ]B8}s{� R}s�$sj I$&���t{$t� ��{Yt$JZ�R $t tZ8��${sj 8BIT

�j$t�� �Bt� G�s� i�%�� ddn� ;(�u;1n*�-Zt� 3Z stI Ostb�t� �s d��x �<$�Y ��RBjZ�$Bt R{Y�8�R:� _}� 1n;u1x( $t ]B8}Z�s�$Btsj

3jZ$I *kts8${ i�%$�b� eI� �� <sP�9 stI �� !RY$8s�FBYt G$j�k m 7BtR�

*�-Zt� 3Z stI Ostb�t� �s 1((d VtsjkR$R BP RZ}�� {B8}s{� ht$�� I$&���t{� 8��YBI stIs}}j${s�$Bt PB� R$8Zjs�$Bt BP %B���-TRYB{, $t���s{�$Bt�yt���� F� WZ8��� ���Y� 3jZ$IR� nE� ��nuM(x

*�$�RY�j� *� p� stIV8AsZ8� �� <� _�

d��� V {Bt�BZ�TsI%�{�$%� R�8$TNs��st�$st sj�B�$�Y8 PB� �Y� R$8TZjs�$Bt BP ht�TR{sj� {BtR��%s�$%� h�jIR� +� F� iBk�����B�Bj� 7B{��d1n� d(��uddn(

*�$�R{Y�j� *� p�� _Bj%st$� N� ���stI �BY�AsjYB`�Y� V� i�

d��� qY� {Bt�BZ�TsI%�{�$%� R�8$TNs��st�$st sj�B�$�Y8 PB� �Y�RYsjjBbTbs��� �JZs�$BtR� �Bt� G�s� i�%�� d1�� ddxduddEx

*Z,Bb${9� F� �� d��x ��RY �&�{�R PB� iBRRAk bs%�R� F� ]B8}Z�� _YkR�� dd�� dMMud�;

eRPsYst$st� z�� pYsI��� 7� stIVRY�sh� �Y�

1((; V{{Z�s{k stsjkR$R BP RZ}�� {B8}s{� R{Y�8� $t tBtZt$PB�8��$I b$�Y s}}j${s�$Bt �B }s�sABj$9�I R�sA$j$�k �JZs�$BtR�yt���� F� WZ8��� ���Y� 3jZ$IR� ;E� ;Mxux(x

3B�tA���� � d��x V }R�ZIBR}�{��sj s}}�Bs{Y PB� }Bjs� stI R}Y��${sj ��B8�T��$�R� 7yV� F� 7{$� ]B8}Z��� dE wxD� d(�dud(Md

pYsI��� 7� 1((( �WZ8��${sj R$8Zjs�$Bt BP �Y� R�sA$j$�k BP �Y� js8$ts� ABZtITs�k jsk�� 4Bb B%�� s 4s� }js�� Ak _7e �JZs�$BtR ZRT$t� RZ}�� {B8}s{� 8��YBI:� ��7{� qY�R$R� =t$%��R$�k BPq�Y�st

$W q=h >6h $5 6>`hi _$�`V_q 6_=h�h 5$i 6`VqyVN -y55hihW_yWp 1d

<sj�$t��� p� F� stIG$jj$s8R� i� q�

d�M( WZ8��${sj _��I${�$Bt stI *kts8${ ����B�BjB�k� 1tI �I�G$j�k m 7BtR

N$jjk� *� �� d�Ex !t �Y� {B8}Z�s�$Btsj R�sA$j$�k BP tZ8��${sj RBjZ�$BtR BP�$8�TI�}�tI�t� tBtj$t�s� ��B}YkR${sj 4Z$I Ikts8${R}�BAj�8R� �Bt� G�s� i�%�� �n� ddu1E

NB��t9� e� �� d�E( �s-$8Z8 R$8}j$h{s�$Bt BP �Y� Ikts8${ �JZs�$BtR� q�jjZR�d1� 1;nu1x;

�BY�AsjYB`�Y� V� i� stI*�$�R{Y�j� *� p�

1((( !t �Y� ��}��R�t�s�$Bt BP ��s%$�k bs%�R $t tZ8��${sj 8BI�jRBP �Y� RYsjjBb bs��� �JZs�$BtR� +� F� iBk� ����B�Bj�

7B{��d1E� EE�uEMMW$Y�$� q� stI yRY$$� �� 1((n V PsR� RBj%�� BP �Y� RYsjjBb bs��� �JZs�$BtR Bt s R}Y��� ZR$t�

s {B8A$t�I {B8}s{� I$&���t{� R{Y�8�� F� ]B8}Z��_YkR�� dM�� En�uEx�

istIsjj� *� V� d��; p�BR��B}Y${ sI`ZR�8�t� stI ht$��TI$&���t{� RYsjjBbTbs����JZs�$BtR� �Bt� G�s� i�%�� d11� dn�dTdn��

7}B�9� G� 3�� qskjB�� �� V�� stI7bs�9��sZA��� _� W�

d��M 3sR� RYsjjBbTbs��� RBj%��R $t js�$�ZI�TjBt�$�ZI� {BB�I$ts��R�F� ]B8}Z�� _YkR�� d;x� ;n1u;;;

qBjR�k,Y� �� V� 1((1 zB��${$�kTI$%����t{� R�8$TNs��st�$st RYsjjBbTbs��� 8BI�jBP �Y� R}Y��� AsR�I Bt {B8}s{� ht$�� I$&���t{�R� F�]B8}Z�� _YkR�� d��� dM(u1((

G$jj$s8RBt� *� N�� *�s,�� F� ��<s{,� F� F�� Fs,BAT]Y$�t� i�stI 7bs�9��sZA��� _� W�

d��1 V R�stIs�I ��R� R�� PB� tZ8��${sj s}}�B-$8s�$BtR �B �Y� RYsjTjBb bs��� �JZs�$BtR $t R}Y��${sj ��B8���k� F� ]B8}Z��_YkR�� d(1� 1ddu11;

Ostb�t� �s stI *�-Zt� 3Z d��E 7Z}�� {B8}s{� ht$�� I$&���t{� 8��YBI w7]3*�D b$�Y s�TA$��s�k Y$�Y s{{Z�s{k� ]B8}Z�s�$Btsj 3jZ$I *kt� F��

xw1D� 1x�T1�EOZst� N�� stI <s8$j�Bt� �� d��; eJZ$j$A�$Z8 Ikts8${R $t s PB�{�ITI$RR$}s�$%� WT}jst�

RYsjjBbTbs��� RkR��8� F� 3jZ$I ��{Y�� 1M(� nE�un�;

11 z! h65V=VWyVW �� sj�

5'�Z�� _s}�'CtR

3$�Z�� dU *�ht$�$Bt BP V�s,sbs:R VTe ��$IR stI istIsjj:R � ��$I�

3$�Z�� 1U qY� �-s{� stI �Y� R$-�YTB�I�� RZ}�� {B8}s{� ��}��R�t�s�$Bt BP �Y� tBtI$8�tR$Btsj P��JZ�t{k�bWH PB� $t���$sT��s%$�k bs%�R b$�Y bQ) 1� qY� YB�$9Bt�sj {BB�I$ts��R $t �Y� }jB�R s�� �Q stI fQ�

��R}�{�$%�jk� �-{�}� PB� �Y� e ��$I PB� bY${Y$1�Q stI

$1fQ s�� ZR�I�

3$�Z�� nU ]Bt�BZ� j$t�R BP d(0 ���B� $t P��JZ�t{k PB� �Y� I$R}��R$Bt ��js�$BtRY$} BP �Y� $t���$sT��s%$�kbs%� Bt VTe stI � ��$IR BA�s$t�I P�B8 �Y� R�{BtITB�I�� 8��YBI� wsD bQ) 1 stI wAD bQ) db1�

3$�Z�� ;U ]Bt�BZ� j$t�R BP d(0 ���B� $t P��JZ�t{k PB� �Y� I$R}��R$Bt ��js�$BtRY$} BP �Y� $t���$sT��s%$�kbs%� Bt VTe stI � ��$IR BA�s$t�I P�B8 �Y� PBZ��YTB�I�� {B8}s{� 8��YBI� wsD bQ) 1 stI wAD bQ) db1�

3$�Z�� xU ]Bt�BZ� j$t�R BP d(0 ���B� $t P��JZ�t{k PB� �Y� I$R}��R$Bt ��js�$BtRY$} BP �Y� $t���$sT��s%$�k bs%� Bt VTe stI � ��$IR BA�s$t�I P�B8 �Y� R$-�YTB�I�� RZ}�� {B8}s{� 8��YBI� wsD bQ) 1stI wAD bQ) db1�

3$�Z�� EU qY� }B��t�$BT%B��${sj �t���k R}�{��Z8 ZR�I �B 8BI�j �Y� bs%�tZ8A�� I$R��$AZ�$Bt BP �Y�s8}j$�ZI� BP ��

3$�Z�� �U qY� I$R��$AZ�$Bt BP �-s{� %sjZ�R BP wsD Ow�, D stI wAD Ow`� , 8�D BA�s$t�I stsjk�${sjjk P�B8w1ED stI w1�D� qY� {Bt�BZ�R ��}��R�t� �Y� s8}j$�ZI�R BP �Y� bs%� wEd LE1, 1zD�

3$�Z�� MU qY� {Bt�BZ�R ��}��R�t� �Y� x0 ��js�$%� ���B� PB� wsD KOVw K�, KD stI wAD KOdwK̀� , K8�D� stI �Y� 1(0

��js�$%� ���B� PB� w{D KOVw K�, KD stI wID KOdwK̀� , K8�D� qY� IsRY�I� IsRY�ITIB���I� stI RBj$I j$t�R s�� PB����R}�{�$%�jk� wdD �Y� R�{BtITB�I�� {�t���I� w1D �Y� PBZ��YTB�I�� {B8}s{�� stI wnD �Y� R$-�YTB�I�� 7]3*��

3$�Z�� �U WB�8sj$R�I q1 ���B� BP (�b(� h�jI sR s PZt{�$Bt BP ��RBjZ�$Bt BA�s$t�I ZR$t� �Y� R�{BtITB�I�� {�t���I� PBZ��YTB�I�� {B8}s{�� stI R$-�YTB�I�� 7]3*� PB� �Y� iBRRAku<sZ�b$�9 bs%�� V Zt$PB�8��RBjZ�$Bt� RYBbt $t I�����R $t �Y� h�Z��� $R ZR�I $t AB�Y stI � I$��{�$BtR�