t hyroid g land located at _________________________________ two important thyroid hormones (which...
TRANSCRIPT
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THYROID GLAND
located at _________________________________ two important thyroid hormones (which
regulate body metabolism, growth, and differentiation of tissues)____________________________________________________________________________________
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HORMONES THAT AFFECT METABOLISM Three different glands affect metabolism ____________________________________________
helps regulate body metabolism (glucose oxidation rate)
produces three hormones triiodothyronine, thyroxine, calcitonin
______________________________________________ produces parathyroid hormone helps regulate calcium levels in blood and
lower phosphate levels _______________________________________________
produces growth hormones and regulatory hormones
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HORMONES THAT AFFECT METABOLISM
Gland Hormone Action
Thyroid
Parathyroid
Anterior Pituitary Gland
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THYROID GLAND
individuals who secrete higher levels of thyroxine oxidize sugars and other nutrients _____________
__________________________________________ When glycogen stores are filled, excess sugar
is converted to ___________________________ control of thyroid hormones is accomplished
by ____________________
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FEEDBACK LOOP... receptors in hypothalamus are activated if the
metabolic rate __________________________ nerve cells secrete ______ (thyroid releasing
hormone) this stimulates pituitary to release _________(thyroid
stimulating hormone) carried by blood to thyroid gland which then
releases ___________________________which raises metabolism by _______________________________
____________________________________by cells high levels of thyroxine cause pathway to be
turned ________________, inhibiting release of TRH Thyroid gland also contains ________________________
hormone acting on _________________cells to lower level of __________________________found in blood
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OH NO!
when inadequate amounts of iodine are obtained from the diet, thyroid enlarges, producing a _________.
If thyroxine levels ↓’s, TSH ↑’s, and thyroid is stimulated more and more
Thyroid cells continue to develop and thyroid _________________
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PARATHYROID GLANDS
____________________parathyroid glands hidden within larger thyroid gland
Usually nerves or other hormones regulate the endocrine glands with the parathyroid glands being the ________________________________These maintain homeostasis by responding
__________________________________in their immediate surroundings (low calcium levels)
PTH raises _______________levels in the blood
PTH (parathyroid hormone) also help activate vitamin D. (Low levels of vit D cause rickets!)
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RICKETS AND GOITERS...
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REGULATION OF BLOOD CALCIUM
blood calcium level(10 mg/100mL)
calcitonin
parathyroid hormone (PTH)
Ca++ uptakein intestines
high
low
FeedbackEndocrine System Control
kidney reabsorption of Ca++
bones release Ca++
kidney reabsorption of Ca++
Ca++ depositedin bones
activated Vitamin D
thyroid
parathyroid
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HUMAN GROWTH HORMONE (AKA SOMATOTROPIN)
Too little = __________ Too much = __________ Released by Ant. Pit. GH increases cell
__________in muscle cell and connective tissue by promoting Protein Synthesis (increasing Amino Acid uptake)
Promotes fat burning Dec. Levels of GH with
age
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HGH AND CONTROVERSY...
Should you take it?
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GH affects all body cells BUT mainly ____________cells
_____________________________bones of jaw, forehead, fingers and toes increase in width, once other bones can no longer increase in length (growth plates fused)