sziu faculty of horticultural...
TRANSCRIPT
Prof. Dr. Károly Hrotkó
SZIU Faculty of Horticultural Science
Prof. Dr. Károly Hrotkó Propagation biology of horticultural plants 2
Practical groups of propagation
methods:
A) Propagation by seed1. Generative seeds
2. Apomictic seeds
3. Somatic embriogenesis → artificial seed
B) Vegetative propagation1. Autovegetativ methods (results own rooted material)
1.1. Cuttage (leaf-, leafy-, green-, softwood-, hardwood-, root
cuttings)
1.2. Layerage
1.3. Bulbs, rhizomes and other modified organs
2. Xenovegetativ methods: results composite plants (grafting,
budding)
Autovegetative propagation in nursery 3
Widespread used autovegetative propagation methods in nurseries Cuttings (green cuttings, softwood cuttings, semi-
hardwood cuttings: leafy cuttings): ornamental shrubs and trees, conifers, some rootstocks
Hardwood cuttings: ornamental shrubs and trees, berry fruits, some rootstocks, forest plants, energy plants
Micropropagation: ornamental shrubs and trees, conifers, some rootstocks
Layerage: rootstocks, berry fruits, some ornamentals Markottage: using suckers (raspberry) Root cuttings: very few application (some berry fruits,
Rhus, etc.)
Autovegetative propagation in nursery 4
Faiskola bevezető előadás
Dr. Hrotkó Károly
Mist propagation (leafy cuttings)
Hardwood cuttings
Stoolbed
Micropropagation
Autovegetative propagation in nursery 7
Possible application at plants developing propagating organs:
plantlets, (strawberry) stolons, root suckers
plants developing preformed roots (Ribes, some Prunusok, Malus, Salix, Populus)
plants developing adventitious roots (Ligustrum, Forsythia, Philadelphus)
plants developing adventive buds, shoots on root part (root cuttings)
Autovegetative propagation in nursery 8
Growth of preformed roots on Salix caprea
Plantlets for propagfation of strawberry
Autovegetative propagation in nursery 9
Preformed roots Colt cherry rootstock
Apple (J-TE-D)
Autovegetative propagation in nursery 10
Possible application at plants developing propagating organs:
plantlets, (strawberry) stolons, root suckers
plants developing preformed roots (Ribes, some Prunusok, Malus, Salix, Populus)
plants developing easily adventitious roots (Ligustrum, Forsythia, Philadelphus)
plants developing adventive buds, shoots on root part (root cuttings)
Autovegetative propagation in nursery 11
Schedule of reparative regeneration in autovegetative propagation methods Cuttings (hardwood or leafy cuttings):
regeneration after separation of propagationg material
Layerage (layering, stooling): regeneration on stockplant separation after rooting of shoots
Markottage, suckers, propagating organs:regeneration on stockplant separation after rooting of shoots
Micropropagation: regeneration after separation of propagationg material, in-vitro conditions, followed by acclimatization and hardening off
Autovegetative propagation in nursery 12
← terminal cutting
← basal cutting
Hardwood cutting
Autovegetative propagation in nursery 13
Shoot meristem in shoot tipSection of subterminal growth
Rhytidom typical to species, leaf fall, → leafless shoot
Secondary thickening, lignification
Secondary thickening,complete cambial ring,formation of secondary xylemschlerenchyma(lignification starts)
Autovegetative propagation in nursery 14
Autovegetative propagation in nursery 15
Autovegetative propagation in nursery 16
Cutting propagation (leafy cuttings): major technology elements Production of propagating material
- Stockplant management- Nutrition, plant protection- Preconditioning
Taking cuttings, cutting preparation- timing- cutting preparation- hormonal treatment
Rooting of cuttings- closed systems- intermittent mist- fog system
Raising cuttings, treatment after rooting
Autovegetative propagation in nursery 17
Autovegetative propagation in nursery 18
Autovegetative propagation in nursery 19
Shading net black foil white plastic foil
Preconditioning using covers
Autovegetative propagation in nursery 20
0
10
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kontroll talajjal takart Raschel háló átlátszó fólia fekete fólia
gyökeresedés %
Effect of preconditioning on rooting of MM.106 cuttings
Autovegetative propagation in nursery 21
Double cover inside the polythene tent
Autovegetative propagation in nursery
22
Shading is required !
Autovegetative propagation in nursery 23
Propagation unit with intermittent mist and shading
Autovegetative propagation in nursery 24
Application of intermittent mist and shading in PE tent and glasshouse
Autovegetative propagation in nursery 25
Autovegetative propagation in nursery 26
Autovegetative propagation in nursery 27
Autovegetative propagation in nursery 28
0
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GF 1380 Brompton GF 31 GF 677
gyö
ker
esed
és %
kontroll
2 g/l IVS
4 g/l IVS
0
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60
80
100
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GF 1380 Brompton GF 31 GF 677
gyö
ker
esed
és %
23 nap
30 nap
37 nap
Time required for rooting of stone fruit rootstocks
Effect of IBA treatments on rooting of stone fruit rootstocks
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0
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május 24 június 24 július 21
gy
ök
eres
edés
%
kontroll
1g/l IVS
2 g/l IVS
3 g/l IVS
4 g/l IVS
Effect of IBA treatment on rooting of Prunus amygdalopersica GF 677 cuttings (Hrotkó 1977)
Autovegetative propagation in nursery 30
Major steps in rooting technology of hardwood cuttings I. Production of propagating material
- training and pruning of stockplants- nutrition and plant protection- preconditioning, etiolation
Taking and preparation of cuttings- Timing: easy to root plants during winter dormancy, difficult to root species only in rooting optimum- taking and cutting preparation- hormonal treatment, wounding- using antitranspirants
Autovegetative propagation in nursery 31
Autovegetative propagation in nursery 32
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9. 1. 10. 1. 11. 1. 12. 1. 1. 1. 2. 1. 3. 1.
taking of cuttings (date)
rooti
ng (
%)
Fehér besztercei
Sainte Julien GF
655/2
Marianna GF 8-1
Polinom. (Fehér
besztercei)
Polinom. (Marianna
GF 8-1)
Polinom. (Sainte
Julien GF 655/2)
Autovegetative propagation in nursery 33
Autovegetatív szaporítások
Dr. Hrotkó Károly
Autovegetative propagation in nursery 34
Storage of cuttings- temporary storage at autumn planting- Cold storage (+ 2°C)- bottom heat → storage
Planting cuttings in open field in spring- optimal soil temperature (10-12 °C)- planting by machine or by hand- soil covering, black plastic soilc covers- mounding up
Taking care of cuttings during season Lifting specialities
Major steps in rooting technology of hardwood cuttings II.
Storage of hardwood cuttings
Autovegetative propagation in nursery
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Bottom heat treatment should be ceased
before root initials start grow!
Bottom heat treatment of hardwood cuttings
Autovegetative propagation in nursery 38
St. Julien A hardwood cuttingsin open ground conditions