systems engineering guideline development overview 15 september 2005

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Systems Engineering Guideline Development Overview 15 September 2005

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Systems Engineering GuidelineDevelopment Overview

Systems Engineering GuidelineDevelopment Overview

15 September 2005

2

The Environment

Acquisition streamlining of the 90’s The Good, the Bad, & the Ugly

Nature abhors a vacuum ISO-15288, IEEE-1220, EAI-632

Maj. Gen. Craig Cooning, the Air Force's Director of Space Acquisition at the Pentagon "We walked away from some of the things that served us very well.

When you did away with that, you did away with the common language that engineers spoke. So, what we are trying to do is to reinstate those processes that served us well--not to go overboard--but to do it selectively." (21 October 2004)

MIL-STD 499C in draft

Like DoD, NASA tossed out many processes & procedures in the 90’s, only to regret those actions.

3

Background: NASA System Engineering Issues

Failure Review Boards have consistently pointed to lack of SE Space Shuttle Columbia Accident

“Organizational causes of this accident … cultural traits … detrimental to safety … allowed to develop including: …reliance on past success as a substitute for sound engineering practices …” -CAIB, Executive Summary

Mars Climate orbiter (MCO) “…., the root cause was not caught by the processes in place in the MCO

project …” -MCO Mission failure Investigation Board

Other Recent NASA Projects: CDR was too high level to adequately assess design…too little time to

perform an adequate assessment ….Although training was widely available, poor requirements are still

common “… likely cause for the failure of the parachute system was a faulty design

…switches … improperly installed on a circuit board” “ the mishap occurred mainly because of failures in NASA’s SE

process….This issue is recognized within the directorate.. and is known to be the cause of several recent failures”

Keep repeating the same SE problems.

4

Response: Establish a Common Framework for Systems Engineering

Consistent approach at all levels

Advanced tools and methods to achieve greater efficiency,

and effectiveness

Experienced, well trained engineers in application of concepts, processes, tools, and methods

Continuous improvement

through assessment at the

personal and organizational

level

Knowledge& Skill of

Workforce

Concepts and Processes

Tools &Methods

Capab

ility

Capab

ility

Multi-Dimensional problem requires 3-D solution

5

Response: Concepts & Processes

Develop a NASA Systems Engineering Guideline to: Provide consistency across agency Advance practice in agency

Take advantage of lesson’s learned from other organizations

Address findings and results from numerous studies and FRB’s/Mishaps

CAIB/Diaz NIAT

6

Key Strategies in NASA SE Policy

Recognize differences in types of NASA projects.

Define a standard design review approach within a common life cycle definition.

Standard SE process that can be applied to any system regardless of scope & scale.

7

Background: Approach

Develop Requirements for NASA Policy for Engineering of Systems Detailed research into the Failure Review Board Reports, NIAT, etc… Analyzed results of the Pre-Assessment study

Primary recommendation NPR required to solve major issues

Review SE at other organizations such as LMI, Boeing, RAYCO, N-G, NGA, DoD, SMC, NRO, USAF, USN, INCOSCE, NDIA….

Assess Systems Engineering best practices Evaluate Systems Engineering at NASA Integrate the best SE practices for NASA Modeled after 7120.5C, 8700 series and SW NPR

Process Conduct four workshops Hold Technical exchanges and conduct Reviews (internal and external)

Products NPR Document as well as others as required, …

Do it right up-front, the first time…instead of “heroes saving the day”Do it right up-front, the first time…instead of “heroes saving the day”

8

NPD 7120.4

NPR 7120.5

NPR 71xx.x

CenterDirectives

Program/Project Management

Program and Project Management

Processes and Requirements

Systems EngineeringProcesses and Requirements

MPGs, MWIs

Agency SE Handbook, SP-6105Lessons LearnedBest Practices

NASA Body of Knowledge

For SE

PM/SE HandbookMSFC-HDBK-3173

SE HandbookMSFC-HDBK-1912

Verification HandbookMSFC-HDBK-2221

Center Guide(s)For SE

Agency Policy Hierarchy

9

Workshop I

7 Feb OCE approval Workshop I, Feb 22-24: Senior group of

Government and Industry experts Captured valuable nuggets

DoD and Industry are developing robust SE processes Enforced and supported by leadership

NASA has many disconnected pockets Each center has their own way But, similarities and commonalities

NASA needs a top-down directed approach An Enterprise (OCE) Architecture Crucial for development of complex

systems Converging on a new enterprise process

framework and consistent processes across NASA represents significant culture change Change of this magnitude takes time and

persistence It is important that PM, software and systems

engineering be well integrated

WS I AttendeesWS I Attendees• OSD - Mark SchafferOSD - Mark Schaffer• USAF - Col. Mike HolbertUSAF - Col. Mike Holbert• NRO- Rob KlotzNRO- Rob Klotz• USAF SMC - Col. Rocky DewanUSAF SMC - Col. Rocky Dewan• NSSO- Capt. MarsdenNSSO- Capt. Marsden• USN - Zig RafalekUSN - Zig Rafalek• Raytheon/NDIA- Robert RossaRaytheon/NDIA- Robert Rossa• Lockheed- Paul RobatailleLockheed- Paul Robataille• Boeing- Dev BanerjeeBoeing- Dev Banerjee• Northrop-Grumman- James van GaasbeekNorthrop-Grumman- James van Gaasbeek• INCOSE- John SnoderlyINCOSE- John Snoderly• NASA HQ (OCE) - Rex GevedenNASA HQ (OCE) - Rex Geveden• NASA ESMD - Ellen StigbergNASA ESMD - Ellen Stigberg• NASA HQ (OSMA) - Wilson HarkinsNASA HQ (OSMA) - Wilson Harkins• NASA Stennis - Christine PowellNASA Stennis - Christine Powell• NASA HQ (SMD) - Stan Fishkind NASA HQ (SMD) - Stan Fishkind • NASA Goddard - Jim AndaryNASA Goddard - Jim Andary• NASA LaRC - Al MotleyNASA LaRC - Al Motley• NASA MSFC - Herb ShiversNASA MSFC - Herb Shivers• NASA JSC - Linda BromleyNASA JSC - Linda Bromley• NASA NESC- Peggy ChunNASA NESC- Peggy Chun• NASA APIO- Steve CavanaughNASA APIO- Steve Cavanaugh• USAH Col Mike HolbertUSAH Col Mike Holbert• Consultants- Jerry Lake/SMi, Jalal Mapar/SAICConsultants- Jerry Lake/SMi, Jalal Mapar/SAIC

WS I AttendeesWS I Attendees• OSD - Mark SchafferOSD - Mark Schaffer• USAF - Col. Mike HolbertUSAF - Col. Mike Holbert• NRO- Rob KlotzNRO- Rob Klotz• USAF SMC - Col. Rocky DewanUSAF SMC - Col. Rocky Dewan• NSSO- Capt. MarsdenNSSO- Capt. Marsden• USN - Zig RafalekUSN - Zig Rafalek• Raytheon/NDIA- Robert RossaRaytheon/NDIA- Robert Rossa• Lockheed- Paul RobatailleLockheed- Paul Robataille• Boeing- Dev BanerjeeBoeing- Dev Banerjee• Northrop-Grumman- James van GaasbeekNorthrop-Grumman- James van Gaasbeek• INCOSE- John SnoderlyINCOSE- John Snoderly• NASA HQ (OCE) - Rex GevedenNASA HQ (OCE) - Rex Geveden• NASA ESMD - Ellen StigbergNASA ESMD - Ellen Stigberg• NASA HQ (OSMA) - Wilson HarkinsNASA HQ (OSMA) - Wilson Harkins• NASA Stennis - Christine PowellNASA Stennis - Christine Powell• NASA HQ (SMD) - Stan Fishkind NASA HQ (SMD) - Stan Fishkind • NASA Goddard - Jim AndaryNASA Goddard - Jim Andary• NASA LaRC - Al MotleyNASA LaRC - Al Motley• NASA MSFC - Herb ShiversNASA MSFC - Herb Shivers• NASA JSC - Linda BromleyNASA JSC - Linda Bromley• NASA NESC- Peggy ChunNASA NESC- Peggy Chun• NASA APIO- Steve CavanaughNASA APIO- Steve Cavanaugh• USAH Col Mike HolbertUSAH Col Mike Holbert• Consultants- Jerry Lake/SMi, Jalal Mapar/SAICConsultants- Jerry Lake/SMi, Jalal Mapar/SAIC

A change in culture is required that promotes A change in culture is required that promotes and works towards using a systems and works towards using a systems approach by all disciplines -- not just approach by all disciplines -- not just

systems engineers!systems engineers!

10

SE Guideline Development Summary

Preparation Briefings

SE NPRObjectives

Workshop 1: Baseline team, Define Objectives and draft annotated outline

Draft Outline

Workshop 2: Meat on the Bones

SE Process

Revised Outline

Elements for Rough Draft

75% Draft NPR

NODIS NODIS

=

Red Team/Red Team/Pre-NodissPre-Nodiss

Update Update 61056105

Update Update 61056105

Workshop 3 Partial Draft

Run Scenarios

Develop Process & Models

Updated Processes& Models

Workshop 4: Review draft

Other Products

Complete Sections, Interate Models

Updated Draft

Approved NPR

App.App.StdsStds

11

ConceptStudies(P-PA)

Advanced TechnologyDevelopment (ATD)

Flight Systems and Ground Support Projects

US Public/Industry/Academia/Federal Agencies, etc.

ConceptDevel.

(A)

PrelimDesig

n.(B)

Disposal(F)

ConceptStudy

KPPEnhancements

Early Program/Project Funded BAR / ATD Studies

Institutional ProjectsPre-Formulation &

ProposalPreliminary Design / Analysis Build/Construct

/ FabricateOperations & Maintenance Disposal

FinalDesig

n.(C)

Fab/Assmb/

Test(D)

Operations

(E)

Sys &PortfolAnaly

TRLMat.

Basic and AppliedResearch (BAR)

Prep.Portf.

Mont.Perf.

Metrics

AprvProps

SelFnd

Continuous Review

Mgmt Approval

(BAR)

* Note: Timescales are not to scale, and not all interfaces are shown

CommResltsUpdt

Portf.

MonitorPerfrm.

NASA Investments & Life Cycles

A NASA project is not a NASA project.

12

Flight & Ground Support System Life Cycle

Key Milestone Reviews Mission Concept Review Systems Requirements Review Systems Design Review Preliminary Design Review Critical Design Review Test Readiness Review Systems Acceptance Review Flight Readiness Review Operational Readiness Review Decommissioning Review

Formulation ImplementationPre AConcept Studies

A Concept Development

B PreliminaryDesign

C DetailDesign

D Fabrication,Assembly, Integration, & Test

E Operations & Sustainment

FDisposal

13

Program

Project

Subsystem Subsystem

Component Component

Project

System of Interest

System of Interest

System of Interest

System of Interest & Hierarchy of Systems

The systems engineering process can be applied atany level of the systems hierarchy.

14

System of Interest & Hierarchy of Systems

Transponder

Antenna A

Antenna B

Transponder

RF Switch

Filters

Diplexers

TransponderSystem of Interest

CommunicationsSystem of Interest

SatelliteSystem of Interest

Goal: develop a single systems engineering guideline that can be used to develop a transponder, a subsystem, or a satellite.

15

The SE Process Engine

Design Processes applied to each product down and across product structure

Realization Processes applied to each product up and across product structure

Stakeholder Expectations Definition

Technical Requirements Definition

Technical Solution Definition

• Logical Decomposition• Physical Solution

Stakeholder Expectations Definition

Technical Requirements Definition

Technical Solution Definition

• Logical Decomposition• Physical Solution

Planning

Assessment

Control

DecisionAnalysis

Transition

Design Realization

Product Verification

Product Validation

Transition

Design Realization

Product Verification

Product Validation

Design ProcessesDesign Processes

Technical Management ProcessesTechnical Management Processes

Realization ProcessesRealization Processes

Design OutputDesign Output Realization InputRealization Input

Design Design InputInput

Realization Realization OutputOutput

FeedbackFeedbackIteration Iteration LoopsLoops

FeedbackFeedbackIteration Iteration LoopsLoops

16

Stakeholder Expectations

Desired Product

Technical Solution Products & Technical Design Solution

Stakeholder Expectations Definition

Technical Requirements Definition

Technical Solution Definition

• Logical Decomposition• Physical Solution

Planning

Assessment

Control

DecisionAnalysis

Stakeholder Expectations Definition

Technical Requirements Definition

Technical Solution Definition

• Logical Decomposition• Physical Solution

Planning

Assessment

Control

DecisionAnalysis

Design

Planning

Assessment

Control

DecisionAnalysis

Transition

Design Realization

Product Verification

Product Validation

Planning

Assessment

Control

DecisionAnalysis

Transition

Design Realization

Product Verification

Product Validation

Product Transition

Design Realization

Product Verification

Product Validation

Realization

Layer N+1, 2, …i Products

Layer N ProductLayer N Product

Top DownSystem Design

Bottom UpProduct

Realization

System Structure

Layer N

SE “Engine” Applies Recursively

17

Summary

Standard design review approach within a common life cycle definition.

Recognizes differences in types of NASA projects.

Standard SE “engine” process that can be applied to any system regardless of scope & scale and integrates across hierarchical levels.