systems design 2013
TRANSCRIPT
-
8/12/2019 Systems Design 2013
1/43
Systems Engineering
Systems Engineering and Analysis
Benjamin S Blanchard & Wolter J Fabrycky
-
8/12/2019 Systems Design 2013
2/43
Design from a systems perspective
A system is an assembly or combination of elements or
parts forming a complex or unitary whole.
(Power system, transportation system ..)
A system is a set of interrelated components functioning
together to achieve some common objective or purpose.
-
8/12/2019 Systems Design 2013
3/43
3
Elements of a system
Black Box Recorders/DataloggersConsist Building:
Car Identification,
Numbering &
Orientation
EP Braking
Seat Reservation Displays
Destination Displays
Public Address
Doors
Engine Controls,
Traction
Maintenance
Automation
Refrigeration
Wayside Systems
Lighting
GPS Location
Signaling
Monitoring &
Diagnostics
HVAC
Dispatch &
Emergency
Communications with
Control Center
Auxiliary Power
-
8/12/2019 Systems Design 2013
4/43
Elements of System
Components (operating parts of system)
Attributes (properties of the components andof the system as a whole)
Relationships (link between components sothat components operate effectively together)
-
8/12/2019 Systems Design 2013
5/43
System and subsystems
A system is made up of components
Many components are broken down intosmaller components
There is a hierarchical level of components
The lower levels are called subsystems
Eg Air transport system
Aircraft, control tower, terminalssubsystems
Equipment, people, software - components
-
8/12/2019 Systems Design 2013
6/43
Classification of systems
Natural systems
High degree of order equilibrium (seasons, the
food chain....
No dead ends, no waste, only continual
recirculation and regeneration
Human-made systems
-
8/12/2019 Systems Design 2013
7/43
Classification of systems
Human-made systems
These are recent systems
Can impact natural systems negativelyegglobal warming
-
8/12/2019 Systems Design 2013
8/43
Engineered systems
Human made systems
Designed to meet some functional purpose orobjective
Operate over a life cycle (identification ofneedphase out and disposal)
Design momentum is increased in recent
timesRequire a combination of resources (facilities,
equipment, materials, people, money...)
-
8/12/2019 Systems Design 2013
9/43
Engineered systems
Composed of subsystems and related
components
Form part of a hierarchy
Are embedded into the natural world
-
8/12/2019 Systems Design 2013
10/43
Product Life Cycle
Conceptual-Preliminary
Design
DetailedDesign &
Development
Productionand/or
Construction
Product use,Phase-out
and Disposal
ACQUISITION PHASE UTILISATION PHASE
-
8/12/2019 Systems Design 2013
11/43
Life cycles of the system.
-
8/12/2019 Systems Design 2013
12/43
Product Life Cycle
The four concurrent life cycles progress in
parallel
This is the basis of concurrent engineering
Life cycle design responds simultaneously to
customer needs and life cycle outcomes
-
8/12/2019 Systems Design 2013
13/43
Technological activities and
interactions within the system life-
cycle process.
-
8/12/2019 Systems Design 2013
14/43
System process activities and
interactions over the life cycle.
-
8/12/2019 Systems Design 2013
15/43
System Design Considerations
Two key considerations:
Customer requirements
Design criteria (derived from key designconsiderations)
-
8/12/2019 Systems Design 2013
16/43
Some system design
considerations.
-
8/12/2019 Systems Design 2013
17/43
Development of Design Criteria
Design-dependent parameters (DDPs)
Parameters that the design must conform to
(weight, reliability, design life, etc...)
Technical performance measures (TPM)
Measures to which the design must perform
technically (availability, efficiency, range and
accuracy, speed....)
-
8/12/2019 Systems Design 2013
18/43
A hierarchy of system design
considerations.
-
8/12/2019 Systems Design 2013
19/43
Design Consideration Hierarchy
Syst
emV
alue
Economic Factors
(Life cycle cost)
Technical Factors(System effectiveness)
-
8/12/2019 Systems Design 2013
20/43
Third Order Economic Considerations
Life
CycleCost
Research &Development Cost
Production Cost
Operation/utilisationcost
Maintenance &
support cost
Retirement &disposal cost
-
8/12/2019 Systems Design 2013
21/43
Third Order Technical Considerations
SystemE
ffectiv
eness
Performance
Operational availability
Reliability/Dependability
Producibility
Supportability
Disposability
-
8/12/2019 Systems Design 2013
22/43
Fourth Order Economic
Considerations
Research cost
Design cost
Data cost
Contractor cost
Manufacturing cost
Test & evaluation costOperating cost
Maintenance cost
-
8/12/2019 Systems Design 2013
23/43
Fourth Order Technical Considerations
Size, weight, and shape
Speed of performance
Reliability
Maintainability
Ergonomics
Safety
Flexibility (adaptability)
Pollutability
-
8/12/2019 Systems Design 2013
24/43
Fifth Order Considerations
Technical Factors
Accessibility
Aesthetics
Controls and displays
Energy consumption
Interchangeability
Inventory levels
Shelf life/ storage
Transportability
-
8/12/2019 Systems Design 2013
25/43
Ergonomics
-
8/12/2019 Systems Design 2013
26/43
Ergonomics
-
8/12/2019 Systems Design 2013
27/43
Ergonomics
-
8/12/2019 Systems Design 2013
28/43
Ergonomics
-
8/12/2019 Systems Design 2013
29/43
Aesthetics
-
8/12/2019 Systems Design 2013
30/43
Aesthetics
-
8/12/2019 Systems Design 2013
31/43
Aesthetics
-
8/12/2019 Systems Design 2013
32/43
Conceptual Design Phase
Identification of Need
System Feasibility Analysis
System Requirements Analysis
System Specification
Preliminary System Design
Advance System
PlanningResearch
TechnologyDevelopment &
Application
-
8/12/2019 Systems Design 2013
33/43
Systems Requirements Analysis
Operational requirements
Maintenance and support requirements
Technical performance measures (TPMs)
Functional analysis and allocation (system
level)
Analysis, synthesis and evaluation
-
8/12/2019 Systems Design 2013
34/43
Operational Requirements
Operational distribution or deployment# of sites and geographic distribution!
Mission profile or scenario
What functions must it perform?
Performance & related parameters
throughput, power output, size, weight Utilisation requirements
duty cycle, up time, down time
Effectiveness requirements
availability, reliability, failure rate
Operational life cycle (horizon)
Spares inventory control
Environment
temperature, shock and vibration, noise, humidity, terrain
-
8/12/2019 Systems Design 2013
35/43
Maintenance and support requirements
Levels of maintenancetype of maintenance and facility location
Repair policies
design may be non-repairable, partially repairable or fully repairable
Organisational responsibilities
customer, supplier, a third party or a combination Logistic support elements
spares, test & support equipment, training etc
Effectiveness requirements
availability of spares, test equipment reliability, level of
training Environment
temperature, shock and vibration, noise, humidity, terrain
-
8/12/2019 Systems Design 2013
36/43
Technical Performance Measures (TPM)
These lead to the desired characteristics that
should be incorporated into the designdesign
criteria
TPM Metric Benchmark Weighting
Velocity
(km/h)
1000 (min) 850 32
Availability
(operational)
95% 90% 45
Size (m) 30 m long
18 m wide
12 m high
20 m long
25 m wide
12 m high
13
Weight (kg) 500 kg 580 kg 10
-
8/12/2019 Systems Design 2013
37/43
Functional Analysis and Allocation
System
Requir
ements
Detailed DesignCriteria
ResourceRequirements
-
8/12/2019 Systems Design 2013
38/43
Functional Allocation
HighL
evelFunctions
Lower Level FunctionSubsystem 1
Lower level functionSubsystem 2
Lower level FunctionSubsystem 3
-
8/12/2019 Systems Design 2013
39/43
Functional Allocation
Tract
ionSy
stem
Power System
Control system
Cooling System
Fault IndicationSystem
-
8/12/2019 Systems Design 2013
40/43
Synthesis, Analysis and Evaluation
Define problem Identify measures (TPMs & DDPs)
Select appropriate evaluation techniques
Develop model to facilitate evaluation process
Acquire input data Evaluate each of the candidates
Perform a sensitivity analysis
Identify potential areas of risk
Make a recommendationTrade off analysis leads into synthesis
Synthesis is design
-
8/12/2019 Systems Design 2013
41/43
System Specification
This is the single most important engineering
design document.
Defines system functional baseline
Feasibility analysis
Operational requirements
Top level functional analysis
Identifies critical TPMs and DDPs
-
8/12/2019 Systems Design 2013
42/43
-
8/12/2019 Systems Design 2013
43/43
System Specification
System specification leads into one or moresubordinate specifications:
Development specificationpertains toresearch, design & development
Product specificationpertains to inventory thatcan be procured off the shelf
Process specificationpertains to services thatare performed on any component of the system
Material specificationpertains to raw material,mixtures or semi-fabricated materials that areused in the fabrication of a product