systems analysis & design 7 th edition chapter 1 introduction to systems analysis and design
Post on 21-Dec-2015
221 views
TRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: Systems Analysis & Design 7 th Edition Chapter 1 Introduction to Systems Analysis and Design](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062421/56649d585503460f94a37a5f/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Systems Analysis & DesignSystems Analysis & Design
7th Edition
Chapter 1
Introduction to Systems Analysis and
Design
![Page 2: Systems Analysis & Design 7 th Edition Chapter 1 Introduction to Systems Analysis and Design](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062421/56649d585503460f94a37a5f/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
22
Introduction
● Companies use information as a weapon in the battle to increase productivity, deliver quality products and services, maintain customer loyalty, and make sound decisions.
● Information technology can mean the difference between success and failure
Figure 1-1
![Page 3: Systems Analysis & Design 7 th Edition Chapter 1 Introduction to Systems Analysis and Design](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062421/56649d585503460f94a37a5f/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
33
The Impact of Information Technology
● Information Technology – Combination of hardware and software
products and services that companies use to manage, access, communicate, and share information
– A vital asset that must be used effectively, updated constantly, and safeguarded carefully
![Page 4: Systems Analysis & Design 7 th Edition Chapter 1 Introduction to Systems Analysis and Design](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062421/56649d585503460f94a37a5f/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
44
The Impact of Information Technology
● The Future of IT– Responsible
for half of all productivity growth and a third of all economic growth between 1995-1999
Figure 1-3
![Page 5: Systems Analysis & Design 7 th Edition Chapter 1 Introduction to Systems Analysis and Design](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062421/56649d585503460f94a37a5f/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
55
The Impact of Information Technology
● The importance of Systems Analysis and Design– To ensure information system’s (IS)
quality
● The Role of Systems Analysis and Design– Systems Analysis and Design
• Step-by-step process for developing high-quality information systems
– Systems Analyst• Plan, develop, and maintain information
systems
![Page 6: Systems Analysis & Design 7 th Edition Chapter 1 Introduction to Systems Analysis and Design](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062421/56649d585503460f94a37a5f/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
66
The Impact of Information Technology
● What do we need in IS? -> How to do it?
● Who develops Information Systems?– In-house applications– Software packages– Internet-based application services – Outsourcing– Custom solutions
![Page 7: Systems Analysis & Design 7 th Edition Chapter 1 Introduction to Systems Analysis and Design](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062421/56649d585503460f94a37a5f/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
77
Information System Components
● A System is a set of related components that produces specific results
● Information systems have five key components: hardware, software, data, processes, and people
Figure 1-6
![Page 8: Systems Analysis & Design 7 th Edition Chapter 1 Introduction to Systems Analysis and Design](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062421/56649d585503460f94a37a5f/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
88
Information System Components
Figure 1-9
![Page 9: Systems Analysis & Design 7 th Edition Chapter 1 Introduction to Systems Analysis and Design](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062421/56649d585503460f94a37a5f/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
99
● Hardware – Everything in the physical layer of the
information system– Moore’s Law accurately predicted that
computer processing power would double every 18 to 24 months
Information System Components
![Page 10: Systems Analysis & Design 7 th Edition Chapter 1 Introduction to Systems Analysis and Design](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062421/56649d585503460f94a37a5f/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
1010
Information System Components
● Software– System software– Network operating system– Application software – Enterprise applications==========================
======= – Horizontal system (橫向系統 )– Vertical system (縱向系統 )– Legacy systems (老舊系統 )
![Page 11: Systems Analysis & Design 7 th Edition Chapter 1 Introduction to Systems Analysis and Design](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062421/56649d585503460f94a37a5f/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
1111
Information System Components
● Data – The raw
material that an information system transforms into useful information
Figure 1-11
![Page 12: Systems Analysis & Design 7 th Edition Chapter 1 Introduction to Systems Analysis and Design](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062421/56649d585503460f94a37a5f/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
1212
Information System Components
● Processes – Describe the tasks and business functions
that users, managers, and IT staff members perform to achieve specific results
● People– Users, or end users, are the people who
interact with an information system, both inside and outside the company
![Page 13: Systems Analysis & Design 7 th Edition Chapter 1 Introduction to Systems Analysis and Design](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062421/56649d585503460f94a37a5f/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
1313
Understanding The Business
● Business Profile– Overview of a company
● Business Models – Graphical representation of one or more
business processes
Figure 1-12
![Page 14: Systems Analysis & Design 7 th Edition Chapter 1 Introduction to Systems Analysis and Design](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062421/56649d585503460f94a37a5f/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
1414
Understanding The Business
● New Kinds of Companies ● Companies are classified based
on their main activities:– Brick-and-mortar
• Production-oriented • Service-oriented
– Click-and-mortar or pure play• Dot-com (.com)
Figure 1-14
![Page 15: Systems Analysis & Design 7 th Edition Chapter 1 Introduction to Systems Analysis and Design](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062421/56649d585503460f94a37a5f/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
1515
Impact of the Internet
● E-Commerce (I-Commerce)– B2C (Business-to-Consumer)– B2B (Business-to-Business)
• EDI, XML, HTML
● Web-Based Development– WebSphere, .NET
![Page 16: Systems Analysis & Design 7 th Edition Chapter 1 Introduction to Systems Analysis and Design](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062421/56649d585503460f94a37a5f/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
1616
How Business Uses InformationSystems
● In the past, IT managers divided systems into categories based on the user group the system served– Office systems– Operational systems– Decision support systems– Executive information systems
![Page 17: Systems Analysis & Design 7 th Edition Chapter 1 Introduction to Systems Analysis and Design](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062421/56649d585503460f94a37a5f/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
1717
How Business Uses Information
Systems● Today, it makes more sense to
identify a system by its functions, rather than by users – Enterprise computing systems– Transaction processing systems– Business support systems– Knowledge management systems– User productivity systems
![Page 18: Systems Analysis & Design 7 th Edition Chapter 1 Introduction to Systems Analysis and Design](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062421/56649d585503460f94a37a5f/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
1818
How Business Uses Information Systems
● Enterprise computing systems– Support company-wide operations and
data management requirements– Enterprise resource planning (ERP)
• Ex. Wal-Mart’s Inventory Control System
![Page 19: Systems Analysis & Design 7 th Edition Chapter 1 Introduction to Systems Analysis and Design](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062421/56649d585503460f94a37a5f/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
1919
How Business Uses Information Systems
● Enterprise computing systems– Information systems that support
company-wide operations and data management
![Page 20: Systems Analysis & Design 7 th Edition Chapter 1 Introduction to Systems Analysis and Design](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062421/56649d585503460f94a37a5f/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
2020
How Business Uses Information Systems
● Transaction processing systems– Process data
generated by day-to-day business operations
Figure 1-18
![Page 21: Systems Analysis & Design 7 th Edition Chapter 1 Introduction to Systems Analysis and Design](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062421/56649d585503460f94a37a5f/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
2121
How Business Uses Information Systems
● Business support systems– Provide job-related
information to users at all levels of a company
– Management information systems (MIS)
– Radio frequency identification (RFID)無線射頻辨識系統
– What-if
Figure 1-19
![Page 22: Systems Analysis & Design 7 th Edition Chapter 1 Introduction to Systems Analysis and Design](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062421/56649d585503460f94a37a5f/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
2222
How Business Uses Information Systems
● Knowledge management systems– Simulate human reasoning
Figure 1-20
![Page 23: Systems Analysis & Design 7 th Edition Chapter 1 Introduction to Systems Analysis and Design](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062421/56649d585503460f94a37a5f/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
2323
How Business Uses Information Systems
● User productivity systems– Technology that improves productivity– Word processing is an example
● Information systems integration– Most large companies require systems
that combine transaction processing, business support, knowledge management, and user productivity features
![Page 24: Systems Analysis & Design 7 th Edition Chapter 1 Introduction to Systems Analysis and Design](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062421/56649d585503460f94a37a5f/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
2424
Information System Users and Their Needs
Figure 1-21
![Page 25: Systems Analysis & Design 7 th Edition Chapter 1 Introduction to Systems Analysis and Design](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062421/56649d585503460f94a37a5f/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
2525
Information System Users and Their Needs
● Top managers● Middle Managers and Knowledge
Workers ● Supervisors and Team Leaders ● Operational Employees
![Page 26: Systems Analysis & Design 7 th Edition Chapter 1 Introduction to Systems Analysis and Design](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062421/56649d585503460f94a37a5f/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
2626
Systems Development Tools and Techniques
● Systems analysts must know how to use a variety of techniques such as modeling, prototyping, and computer-aided systems engineering tools to plan, design, and implement information systems
● Systems analysts work with these tools in a team environment
![Page 27: Systems Analysis & Design 7 th Edition Chapter 1 Introduction to Systems Analysis and Design](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062421/56649d585503460f94a37a5f/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
2727
Systems Development Tools and Techniques
● Modeling– A systems analyst can describe and
simplify an information system by using a set of business, data, object, and process models.
![Page 28: Systems Analysis & Design 7 th Edition Chapter 1 Introduction to Systems Analysis and Design](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062421/56649d585503460f94a37a5f/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
2828
Systems Development Tools and Techniques
● Prototyping– Early working version of an information
system– Speeds up the development process
significantly– Can be an extremely valuable tool
![Page 29: Systems Analysis & Design 7 th Edition Chapter 1 Introduction to Systems Analysis and Design](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062421/56649d585503460f94a37a5f/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
2929
Systems Development Tools and Techniques
● Computer-Aided Systems Engineering (CASE) Tools– CASE uses powerful software to help
systems analysts develop and maintain information systems
Figure 1-22
![Page 30: Systems Analysis & Design 7 th Edition Chapter 1 Introduction to Systems Analysis and Design](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062421/56649d585503460f94a37a5f/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
3030
Systems Development Methods
● Structured Analysis– traditional systems development technique – Uses the systems development life cycle to
plan, analyze, design, implement, and support an information system
Figure 1-25
![Page 31: Systems Analysis & Design 7 th Edition Chapter 1 Introduction to Systems Analysis and Design](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062421/56649d585503460f94a37a5f/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
3131
Systems Development Methods
● Object-oriented (O-O) analysis– combines data and the processes that act
on the data into things called objects– Systems analysts use O-O to model real-
world business processes and operations
![Page 32: Systems Analysis & Design 7 th Edition Chapter 1 Introduction to Systems Analysis and Design](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062421/56649d585503460f94a37a5f/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
3232
Systems Development Methods
● Joint Application Development and Rapid Application Development– JAD – Team based fact finding– RAD – compressed version of the entire
process
![Page 33: Systems Analysis & Design 7 th Edition Chapter 1 Introduction to Systems Analysis and Design](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062421/56649d585503460f94a37a5f/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
3333
The Systems Development Life Cycle
● SDLC used to plan and manage the systems development process.
● It includes the following steps:1. Systems planning2. Systems analysis3. Systems design4. Systems implementation5. Systems operation and support
![Page 34: Systems Analysis & Design 7 th Edition Chapter 1 Introduction to Systems Analysis and Design](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062421/56649d585503460f94a37a5f/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)
3434
The Systems Development Life Cycle
Figures 1-28 & 1-29
![Page 35: Systems Analysis & Design 7 th Edition Chapter 1 Introduction to Systems Analysis and Design](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062421/56649d585503460f94a37a5f/html5/thumbnails/35.jpg)
3535
The Systems Development Life Cycle
● Systems Development Guidelines– Stick to a plan– Involve users– Identify milestones– Establish checkpoints– Be flexible– Provide accurate and reliable cost and
benefit information
![Page 36: Systems Analysis & Design 7 th Edition Chapter 1 Introduction to Systems Analysis and Design](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062421/56649d585503460f94a37a5f/html5/thumbnails/36.jpg)
3636
Information Technology Department
● The information technology (IT) department develops and maintains a company’s information systems
Figure 1-30
![Page 37: Systems Analysis & Design 7 th Edition Chapter 1 Introduction to Systems Analysis and Design](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062421/56649d585503460f94a37a5f/html5/thumbnails/37.jpg)
3737
Information Technology Department
● Application Development– Team may include users, managers and
IT Staff members
● Systems Support– Provides hardware and software support
● User Support– Provides users with technical information,
training, and productivity support
![Page 38: Systems Analysis & Design 7 th Edition Chapter 1 Introduction to Systems Analysis and Design](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062421/56649d585503460f94a37a5f/html5/thumbnails/38.jpg)
3838
Information Technology Department
● Database Administration– Database design, management, security,
backup, and user access
● Network Administration– Includes hardware and software
maintenance, support, and security
● Web Support– Design and construction of web pages
and presence. Important for e-commerce
![Page 39: Systems Analysis & Design 7 th Edition Chapter 1 Introduction to Systems Analysis and Design](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062421/56649d585503460f94a37a5f/html5/thumbnails/39.jpg)
3939
The Systems Analyst Position
● A systems analyst investigates, analyzes, designs, develops, installs, evaluates, and maintains a company’s information systems
● On large projects, the analyst works as a member of an IT department team.
● Smaller companies often use consultants to perform the work
![Page 40: Systems Analysis & Design 7 th Edition Chapter 1 Introduction to Systems Analysis and Design](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062421/56649d585503460f94a37a5f/html5/thumbnails/40.jpg)
4040
The Systems Analyst Position
● Responsibilities● Required Skills and Background
Figure 1-31
![Page 41: Systems Analysis & Design 7 th Edition Chapter 1 Introduction to Systems Analysis and Design](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062421/56649d585503460f94a37a5f/html5/thumbnails/41.jpg)
4141
Homework
● 搜尋兩家公司之組織圖,並比較MIS部門在組織圖中的位階。
● 請說明所選擇的企業之相關資訊,如:– 公司歷史與重要里程碑、資本額、營業額、員工人數、行業別、主要產品等。