systemic lupus erythematosus(presentationellina)

8/13/2019 Systemic Lupus Erythematosus(Presentationellina)

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SYSTEMIC LUPUSERYTHEMATOSUS(SLE)BY :ELLINA SUHANA BT ABDULRAHMANV2


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INTRODUCTIONSystemic lupus erythematosus is a systemic autoimmune diseasethat can affect any part of the body.

A chronic and often long-term autoimmune disorder that mayaffect the skin, joints, kidneys, brain and other organsSLE was first described in 1828 :

Systemic; the disease can affect organs and tissuethroughout the body

Lupus ; is Latin for wolf. It refers to the rash that extends across thebridge of the nose and upper cheekbones and was thoughtto resemble of wolf bite

Erythematosus; is from Greek word for red and refers to the colour ofthe rash


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CAUSESEnvironmental factors

Viruses, exposure to chemicals, sunlight, trigger

inflammatory or immune activityGenetic factorsLupus is a complex disorder and researchers are still inthe early stages of unraveling how genetic factors mayalter and affect the immune system.Researchers estimate that 20-100 different geneticfactors may make a person susceptible to SLE


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RISK FACTORSGender

90% of lupus patients are women, most diagnosed when theyare in their childbearing ages.

Family historyA brother or sister of a patient with the disorder has 20 timesthe risk as someone without an immediate family memberwith SLE

Drug-Induced LupusMany prescription drugs can cause lupus-like skin symtoms.This include high blood pressure medications.


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Risk factors in childrenAssociated with thrombotic thrombocytopenia pupura, acondition resulting from abnormally low levels of bloodplatelets. May also be caused by certain medications,including minocycline and zafirlukast

Lifestyle factors

Smoking may be a risk factor for triggering SLE and canincrease the risk for skin and kidney problems in womenwho have the disease.


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SYMPTOMSChest pain when taking a deep breathFatigue

Fever with no other causeGeneral discomfort, uneasiness or ill feeling (malaise)Hair lossMouth soresSensitivity to sunlight

Skin rash


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Other symptoms depend on what part of the body isaffected:

Brain and nervous systemHeadaches, numbness, tingling, seizures, vision problems,personality changes

Digestive tractAbnormal heart rhythms (arrhythmias)

LungCoughing up blood and difficulty breathing

SkinPatchy skin colour, fingers that change colour when cold(Raynauds phenomenon)

*Some patients only have skin symptoms (discoid lupus)


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TREATMENTNo cure for SLEMild disease may be treated with :

Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory medications (NSAIDs)treat arthritis and pleurisyCorticosteroid creams to treat skin rashesAn antimalaria drug (hydroxychloroquine) and low-dosecorticosteroids for skin and arthritis symptoms

Wear protective clothing, sunglasses, and sunscreenwhen in the sun


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Severe symptoms often require more aggressivetreatment by doctor specialistsTreatment for more severe lupus may includeHigh-dose corticosteroids or medications to decreasethe immune system responseCytotoxic drugs (drugs that block cell growth) if you donot get better with corticosteroids, or whose symptomsget worse when the stop taking them. These medicinehave serious , severe side effects. You should be closelymonitored by your doctor


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If you have lupus, it is also important to have;

Preventive heart careUp-to-date immunizationsTests to screen for thinning of the bones (osteoporosis)

Talk therapy and support groups may help relievedepression and mood changes that may occur inpatients with this disease


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LIFESTYLE CHANGESStaying active

Maintain a healthy and active lifestyle.

Light-to-moderate exercises, interspersed with rest periods, isgood for the heartHelps fight depression and fatigueCan help keep joints flexible

Preventing infectionsFully immunizedMinimize exposure to crowds/people with contagious illnessesCareful hygiene (dental hygiene)


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Avoiding SLE triggers

Avoid excessive exposure to sunlightPatients with SLE should use only hypoallergenic cosmeticsor hair products

Reducing stress

Getting adequate rest of at least 8 hoursTake a nap during the dayMaintaining social relationship and healthy activities

systemic lupus erythematosus(presentationellina)

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