systematic position of mosquito - kerala
TRANSCRIPT
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Systematic Position of Mosquito
• Phylum- Arthropoda ( organisms with jointed appendages and exoskeleton)
• Class- Insecta ( 3 pairs of legs, Head Thorax, abdomen)
• Order-Diptera ( Two-winged flies)
• Family- Culicidae (Mosquitoes-
• Well-developed forward projecting proboscis
• Characteristic wing venation
• Presence of fringes on the posterior margin of wing.
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Mosquito Diversity
• More than 3500 species of mosquito in the
world.
• They are grouped under two Sub-familes
Anophelinae(Anopheles) and Culicinae(Culex,
Aedes, Mansonia, Armigeres, Toxorhynchitis)
• There are 113 genera
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കകൊത ക ക എവ കെകെ ്ൊാം ?
• ഉഷ്ണമേഖ , േ മതൊഷ്ണ മേഖ ,ആ ട്ട ക് സ ക്ക എന്ന വ െങ്ങ കൊണ ന്ന
• അന് ൊ ട്ട ക്കെ ാം േറ്റു ച ദ്വ പ ക ാം ഇ ്.
• സേ ദ്ദ് ന പ്പ ന ന്ന ാം 5500 േ .ഉെ ത്ത ാം 1250 േ തൊഴ്ചെ ള്ള
• ഖന ക ാം കകൊത ക ക കൊണ ന്ന .
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Mosquito Species Genus World India
No. of species
Major vector No. of species
Major vector
Anopheles 422 60 58 6
Aedes 888 25 111 2
Culex 715 12 57 4
Mansonia 23 7 4 2
Total > 3500 species under 113 genus
255 species under 17 genus
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Vector borne diseases Disease Pathogen Vector Incubation
Malaria Plasmodium vivax,
Pl. falciparum
Anopheles 14(6-17)days
12(9-14) days
Dengue fever Group B Flavivirus Aedes aegyptii
Aedes albopictus
5- 7 days
Chikungunya Alphavirus do 1-12 days
Japanese
encephalitis
Flavivirus Culex vishnui gp
Mansonia
5-15 days
Filariasis Wuchereria
bancrofti
Brugia malayi
Culex
quinquefasciatus
Mansonia
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Vector borne diseases Disease Pathogen Vector Incub.
Scrub typhus Orientia
tsutsugamushi
Leptotrombidium
(mite)(chigger
mite)
Larvae transmit
disease to man,
Rodents-reservoir
10-12
days
Cutaneous
Leishmaniasis
Leishmania tropica Sand fly-
Phlebotomus
papatasi
Adult suck blood
and transmit
10
days
or
more
Visceral
leishmaniasis
(Kala azar)
Leishmania
donovani
Phlebotomus
argentipes
do 2week
s-2yrs
Kyasanur
Forest Disease
Flavivirus Hard tick
Haemophysalis
spinigera,
H. kysanurensis
First reported from
from Kysanur
forest,Karnataka-
Shimoga district-
monkeys involved
3-8
days
Leptospirosis Leptospira(spiroch
ete bacteria)
Rats, domestic
animals
4-19
days
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Eggs
Adult mosquito
Larva
MOSQUITO LIFE CYCLE
Pupa
7-10 Days
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Anopheles -Culex- Aedes
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Larvae of Anopheles, Aedes and Culex
mosquitoes
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Antenna of male and female mosquito Antenna of male mosquito is feathery and that of female is hairy
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Head of Culex: Male and Female
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Head of Anopheles: Male and Female
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Anopheles
larva Adult
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Anopheles
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Culex
• State the alternative strategies
• List advantages & disadvantages of each
• State cost of each option
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Aedes
larva Adult
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Egg cluster & larva of Mansonia
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Adult Mansonia
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Anopheles - adult
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Culex - adult
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Aedes aegyptii
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Important vectors found in Kerala
Anopheles Culex Aedes
Haemophysalis P. argentipes
Ixodus scapularis-
Ticks
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• Flight range is 2 to 9 miles (1 mile = 1.6 kms)
• Breeding places: dirty & polluted water
• Resting place: indoors on walls, underneath furniture
• Biting time is midnight
CULEX
• Very poor flight range:100-400 meters
• Breeding place: artificial collection of water like water in broken pots
• Most abundant during rainy season
• Biting time: daytime
AEDES
• Flight range:2-3 miles
• Breeding places: clean water
• Biting time: night ANOPHELES
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Larval indices of Aedes
1. House Index (HI) - Percentage of houses
positive for larvae of Aedes.
2. Breteau Index (BI) - Number of positive
containers for Aedes per 100 houses.
3. Container Index (CI) - Percentage of
containers positive for Aedes breeding.
4. Pupal Index (PI) - Number of pupae per 100
houses.
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Epidemiological interpretation of Indices
.
Vector Indices High risk of
transmission
Low risk of
transmissiom
House Index >10% <1%
Breteau Index >50 <5
Landing Rate >2 p m h <0.2 p m h
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55 Dr. Reena K J
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Culex quinquefasciatus
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Mansonia annulifera
Pistia plant
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Rice Field
Culex vishnui subgroup
Shallow Ditches at Field
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Unused boat
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Open Sintex tanks
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Well with motor pump
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Overhead tanks
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Ground level tank
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Open Overhead Tanks
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Bio gas plant
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Loom tray
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Pineapple - axils
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Rubber estate
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Cocoa shells
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Colocasia
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Polythene pond
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DRY DAY OBSERVATION
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• Monitoring of vector indices- Aedes indices
• Regular & continuous SR - identification & elimination of breeding sources
• Biological control –guppy fishes, biolarvicides
• Environmental - filling up of ditches
• Minor engineering works- Covering of water tanks, repair of septic tanks, netting of vent pipes etc
• Chemical control -Temephos, Diflubenzuron, MLOs, Neem cakes etc.
II. IVM- Larval control
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II. IVM- Adult mosquito control
Chemical - Epidemic/Emergency situations
• Thermal fogging - Outdoor -technical malathion.
• ISS- 2% pyrethrum extract for killing infected mosquitoes.
• Commercial- Finit , Hexit ,Hit Baygon
• Done within 24-48 hours of reporting of a case.
• Indoor residual spray (IRS) using synthetic pyrethroids done within 7-10 days of reporting of a malaria case.
• Mosquito samples to VCRC, KTM for virus isolation.
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INDOOR RESIDUAL SPRAY-
MALARIA
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II. IVM- Personal protective measures
• Screening of windows and doors with mosquito meshes
• Insecticide treated bed nets.
• Repellents as coils, aerosols, creams etc.
• Wearing of long sleeved dresses.
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