Program Security: Secure Program -Non Malicious Program Errors -Malicious Code -Program Controls. Operating System Security: Memory Protection -Access Control -File Protection Mechanisms -User Authentication -Trusted Operating System- Database Security: Security Requirements -Reliability and Integrity-Sensitive Data Inference -Multilevel Security- Network Security: Threats in Networks -Security Controls Firewalls-Intrusion Detection Systems-Administering Security: Security Planning -Risk Analysis-Organizational Security Policies-Physical Security -Ethical Issues: Protecting Programs and Data -Information and the Law -Rights of Employers and Employees -Redress for Software Failures -Computer Crime -Ethical Issues. Case Study: Privacy Rights, Fraud, Accuracy of Information, Denial Of Service