system architecture book webinar.pptx

System Architecture

@

Bruce G. Cameron Director, System Architecture Lab

Co-Founder of Technology Strategy Partners

[email protected] May 4 2015

www.system-architect.org

Dr. Bruce Cameron System Architecture – Strategy and Product Development for Complex Systems

Twitter’s Architecture

Source: h1ps://blog.twi1er.com/2013/new-‐tweets-‐per-‐second-‐record-‐and-‐how


How Many Architectures?


Architecture The fundamental organization of a system, embodied in its components, their relationships to each other and to the environment, and the principles governing its design and evolution.

- ISO / IEC / IEEE Standard 42010

A formal description of a system, or a detailed plan of the system at component level to guide its implementation.

- The Open Group Architecture Framework

(TOGAF)

How much detail is required to capture architecture?

Diebstahlwarn-.anlage.

Reifendruck-.kontrolle.

Regensensor.

Lichtschalt-.modul.

Heizungs-.bedienteil.

Heizungs-.bedienteil..(Fond).

1-Achs-.Lu@feder.

Bedienzentrum.MiCelkonsole.

Anhänge-.modul.

Kombi-.instrument.

Car.Access.System.

Sicherheits-.u..InformaKons-.modul.

Fahrzeug-.zentrum.

Türmodul.Beifahrer.

Mensch-.Maschine-.Interface.

Park.Distance.Control.

Digitale.Diesel./Motor.Elektronik.1.

AdapKve.Cruise.Control.

Schaltzentrum.Lenksäule.

Türmodul.Fahrertür. A-Säule.links.

B-Säule.links.

A-Säule.rechts.

B-Säule.links.

Tür.vorne..links.

Sitz.Fahrer.

Audio.System.Kontroller.

Tür.vorne.rechts.

Sitz.hinten.

AkKve.Roll-.Stabilisierung.

Dynamische.Stabilitäts-.kontrolle.

Elektronische.Getriebe-.steuerung.

Sitz.Beifahrer.

Türmodul.Fahrerseite.hinten.

Türmodul.Beifahrerseite.hinten.

Sitzmodul.Fahrer.

Sitzmodul.Beifahrer.

Antennentuner. MulK.Media.Changer.

Audio-CD.Wechsler.Videomodul.

Bedienzentrum.MiCelkonsole.Fond.

AdapKve.Light.Control.

Elektronische.Dämpfer-.kontrolle.

Elektromech..Feststell-.bremse.

Drehraten-.sensor.(kein.SG).

Sitzmodul.Beifahrer..hinten.

Powermodul.

Digitale.Diesel./Motor.Elektronik.2.

Schiebehebe-.dach.

Chassis..IntegraKon..Module.

Verstärker.

NavigaKons-.system.

Telefon-.interface.

Spracheingabe-.system.

KopXörer-.interface.

Heckklappen-.li@.

Sitzmodul.Fahrer.hinten.

Stanheizung/.Zuheizung.

Controller.

Wischermodul.

Serienumfang.

Sonder-.ausstaCung.

Diagnose-.Zugang.

Zentrales.Gateway..Modul.

K-CAN.System.

MOST. K-CAN.Peripherie. byteflight. PT-CAN.

Source: Ernst Fricke, BMW


Architecture as Form + Function


Suspension bridge

Cable-stayed bridge


Architecture

The arrangement of the functional elements into physical blocks. - Ulrich & Eppinger

The whole consists of parts; the parts have relationships to each other; when put together, the whole has a designed purpose and fills a need.

- Reekie and McAdam

{form and function, parts and whole, relationships, and emergence}


Architecture as Function to Form Mapping

By enumera=ng other combina=ons of the

mapping, we can check for other architectures


Architecture should represent the essential features of the system.

Create&

Higher&

Level&Data&

Internet Layer Link Layer Physical Layer

Laptop&

IP&Packet&

IP&Dest&

Address&

IP&Source&

Address&

IP&Data&

Payload&

Determine&

Encapsulate&

MAC&Dest&

Address&

Network&

Interface&

Card&

ARP&Table&

MAC&Src&

Address&

802.11&

Frame&Broadcast&

Laptop&

Antenna&

2.4&GHz&

Signal&

Receive&

WAP&

Antenna&

802.11&

Frame&

DePEncapsulate&

WAP&

Processor&

Ethernet&

Frame&Send&

Receive&

WAP&

Ethernet&

Port&

Switch&

Ethernet&

Port&

Bits&over&

Ethernet&

Ethernet&

Frame&

IP&Packet&

IP&Dest&

Address&

Encapsulate&

MAC&Dest&

Address&

Determine&

ARP&Table&

Error&Check&

Write&

Read&

Read&

Network&

Switch&

MAC&Dest&

Address&

Ethernet&

Frame&Send&

Receive&

Switch&

Ethernet&

Port&

Gateway&

Ethernet&

Port&

Bits&over&

Ethernet&

Ethernet&

Frame&DePEncapsulate&IP&Packet&

IP&Dest&

Address&

IP&Source&

Address&

IP&Data&

Payload&

ResidenQal&

Gateway&

Encapsulate&

Change&

ResidenQal&

Gateway&

Determine&

NAT&

Protocol&

MAC&Dest&

Address&

MAC&Src&

Address&

PPPoE&

Frame&

Send&

Receive&

Gateway&

Port&

Modem&

Port&

Bits&over&

Ethernet&

PPPoE&

Frame&

Transform&

Bits& DSL&

Modem&

Modulate&

Carrier&

Frequency&

Output&

Signal&


Key Architectural Decisions A350 Family BWB Family

What are the key architectural features that

separate these two designs?

Fuselage does not liL – wing designed for largest variant

Fuselage liLs – common wing implies smaller design penalOes

Source: Robert Liebeck / Boeing


Architectural Decisions We have no reason to expect the quality of intuition to improve with the importance of the problem. Perhaps the contrary: high-stake problems are likely to involve powerful emotions and strong impulses to action.”

Daniel Kahneman

•  Architectural decisions are the subset of design decisions that are most impactful

–  They relate to form – function mapping, they determine the performance envelope, they encode the key trade-offs in the eventual product, and they often strongly determine cost.

•  Architectural decisions lead to architectures that are fundamentally

different from each other –  Which wheels are powered on a car, whether or not an aircraft has a tail, whether

an algorithm runs in real time or not, etc.


Tests for Architectural Decisions •  Does this decision strongly influence metrics?

Sensitivity

•  Would substantial rework be required to change this decision? Could we make this decision downstream without regards for other decisions?

Connectivity


Apollo Architecture?

Source: http://www.hq.nasa.gov/alsj/a17/AS17-145-22261HR.jpg


Nine architectural decisions for Apollo


Houbolt’s Architecture The program churned for two years beforehand,

but accelerated after the decision was made

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Houbolt#/media/File:John_Houbolt_and_LOR2.jpg


We can enumerate potential architectures

von Braun-like: Direct Mission, 3 crew, storable propellants

Apollo-like: LOR mission, storable propellants, 3 crew, 2 to surface

Soviet-like: Min mass configuration, LOR, 2 crew, 1 to surface


Architectural decisions can be sequenced, using their sensitivity and connectivity.


Degree of ConnecOvity

IMLEO Sen

siOvity [lbs]

Models can help us understand decision sequence

Degree of ConnecOvity

Risk Sen

siOvity


Organization of architectural decisions for the Apollo Program


The Opportunity We conceive, design, implement and operate complex and sometimes unprecedented systems

Do they meet stakeholder needs? Do they deliver value? Do they integrate easily, evolve flexibly, operate simply and reliably?

Well architected systems do!

Acts as as source of competitive advantage

Source: Carlos Gorbea


A complicated network


Less complicated network


Is the complexity essential for delivering

the Concorde’s functionality?


Architecture Helps us Make Complex Things Less Complicated

Func%on? Form? En%%es? Rela%onships? Emergence?


Role of the Architect

“Some single mind must master, else there will be no agreement in anything.”

Abraham Lincoln


�  Reduce ambiguity in corporate strategy and technology insertion by defining the context and boundaries of the system

�  Employ creativity to create the

concept for the system, managing in the spectrum of solution neutral thinking

� Manage complexity so that the

system is comprehendible to all during its design, implementation, and evolution

Three Roles of the Architect

Source: BMW


Patterns & Styles of Architecture:

NASA’s A Train satellites for Earth Observation

http://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/hurricanes/features/atrain.html


The PARTITIONING Pattern NEOSS instrument-packaging problem.


Monolithic versus Fully Distributed Architecture Styles


Six Patterns of Architectural Decisions


•  Architecture can be an explicit choice

•  Architectural decisions can be identified and sequenced

•  The system architect must help make the complex system less complicated

www.system-architect.org [email protected]

system architecture book webinar.pptx

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