System and Software Architecting Views

Elliot Axelband

10/24/06

Views and Viewpoints• Consider a Building as a Metaphor for a System• Applicable Views

– Esthetic View– User/Functional/Operational View– Structural View– Electrical View– Heating/Air Conditioning View– Etc.– Building and Operating Costs - Financial View– Codes & Applicable Restrictions - Technical View– Time line/Schedule View (Concept, Design, Build,

Use/Sustain, Retire - The Life Cycle)• Each View is the Viewpoint of a View holder • Views are Domain Specific

Frameworks

• Categories for Organizing Views

• DoDAF (DoD Architecture Framework)– Technical View - All applicable codes and

Restrictions– Operational View - How the System will be

used - The CONOPS– System View - How the System is Defined

- What it is

What is a System?• “Systems Architecting - Creating & Building Complex

(Innovative) Systems”, Rechtin• “The Art of Systems Architecting”, Maier and Rechtin• “A system is a set of different elements so connected or

related as to perform a unique function not performable by the elements alone”

• E.g.: An automobile (the system) provides transportation not provided by its components (subsystems) alone: the motor, transmission, suspension, body, etc.

• Note: The subsystems of systems are often systems• Note: The concept of systems has broad application to

different domains: buildings, automobiles, computers, “stand-alone” software, computer chips, commercial and military aircraft, organizations, businesses (enterprises - Enterprise SE), universities…

F-35, Joint Strike Fighter

• In Development• Provides very advanced Capabilities

(Complex and Innovative)• Largest Military Procurement - $400B,

>2000A/C• 30,000 # plus, >10K parts,One Pilot,17M LOC• 3 Variants for US Application - Air Force,

Navy, Marine• National and Multi-National Partners and

Multi-National Users• Fully Networked

F-35 Architecture

Airframe/Strucures Air Vehicle Equipment

Sensors Fusion Processor,Processing

Displays, etc

Mission Equipment

Air Vehicle Manufacturing Operations(Facility, Equipment, Layout, Supplier Mgmt, ..)

Logictics and Support(Fault Isolation, Prognostics, Spares, Training)

Air Vehicle Sysem

F-35 Architecture - Systems & Software, It’s Everywhere

System Engineering and Software

Airframe/Strucures Air Vehicle Equipment

Sensors Fusion Processor,Processing

Displays, etc

Mission Equipment

Air Vehicle Manufacturing Operations(Facility, Equipment, Layout, Supplier Mgmt, ..)

Logictics and Support(Fault Isolation, Prognostics, Spares, Training)

Air Vehicle Sysem

Defense System Life Cycle

Source: DAU Handbook

Defense System Development

Buy/Code/Manufacture

SystemNeed

SystemDesign

Subsystem Design

ComponentDesign

Component

Subsystem

System

System

Decomposition Integration & Test

Time

Requirements - Design - Manufacture - Assemble - Test

Verification and Validation

Defense System Development-1

Buy/Code/Manufacture*

SystemNeed

SystemDesign

Subsystem Design

ComponentDesign

Component

Subsystem

System

System*

Decomposition Integration

TimeRequirements - Design - Manufacture - Assembly - Test

Verification and Validation

•Redesign is a part of Design; Design is Experimental & Iterative;Spiral Development

• It takes 3 passes through the Development Process to field a Production System: - 1st when System* is a Prototype (SDD), - 2nd when Manufacture* is a Prototype (LRP), - 3rd at the start of Full Rate Production

D

O

T

M

L

P

F

MS A

Analysis of

Materiel

Approaches

Demo

Demo

Demo

AoA

Technology

Development

DABJROC

JROC

Increment 3Increment 3

Increment 1Increment 1

MS B

MS C

MS B

MS B MS C

MS C

- Materiel -

Process

DOTLPF

Process

Functional

Area

Analysis

Functional Area

Functional Concept

Integrated Architecture

Overarching Policy

NSS/NMS/Joint vision

Joint Concept of Operations

Feedback

ICD

CDD

CPD

Concept

Refinement

CDJROC DAB

DAB

Increment 2Increment 2

Incremental Development

Source: DAU Handbook

A Research Agenda for CSSE• Redesign is part of design. It will never be completely eliminated. But there is

huge payoff in reducing it• Redesign can be reduced by better predictive system design tools, that is,

Modeling and Simulation Predictive Design Tools• Modeling is domain dependent, so a broad set of technical skills and an

emphasis on collaboration is required• Such a Research Agenda plays to CSSE and USC strengths

– A Research University with a broad set of skills and an emphasis on internal collaboration (ORUs) and external collaboration (MOUs)

– USC’s Computing* Emphasis: Petacomputing, New Faculty Req’ts – CSSE’s record of collaboration and accomplishment with COCOMO*,

COSISMO and other cost estimation M&S Predictive Design Tools– Other opportunities, a sampler:

• Weight Estimation, Product Cost Estimation• Scaleable MANET Networks, IA Net-centric Issues• Software/Software compatibility, Software/Hardware Compatibility,

Integration Maturity, Risk Management• Logistics for Incremental Procurements• Human Factors*• Efficient Manufacture****

Research

• Funding– “If there’s Money, the Faculty will come”– Industrial Affiliates– NSF, DARPA - Not yet in systems, but growing interest

• INCOSE Vision– Growing DoD Interest

• Competition - A good thing– MIT– Georgia Tech– Stanford– Cornell– Etc.

Congratulations to CSSE!

There are great opportunities to make a difference, where it is

important to do so.