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Synopsis

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DIGITAL PHOTOGRAPHY

Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirement for the Award of Bachelor of

Technology Degree in Electronics and Communication Engineering

Submitted By:-

Abhishek Gupta(2310384)

Submitted to:-

Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering,

Ambala College of Engineering and Applied Research, Devsthali, Near Mithapur,

Ambala-133101

(Affiliated to Kurukshetra University, Kurukshetra)

(2013)


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ABSTRACT

Cameras have undergone huge developments and advancement since the days television sets

were invented. The usual camera sets have been replaced by much portable and efficient

cameras. The latest in the line are the digital cameras. This report will explain the

advancement in camera technology. As the technology migrates continuously at fast speeds,

cameras have penetrated into both home and commercial areas.The research for this report

was concentrated in the field of digital photography technology and so this application of

camera technology will be explained in greater detail as compared to other areas of

applicability. Also explained is how society is being affected by these applications and what

future applications may be in store.


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INTRODUCTION

This report is about the digital photography and its applications. The history of camera

technology and how it works are important for understanding this report and so each has its

own section within the report. How it compares to other camera systems and its uses will be

discussed as well. The goal of this report is to explain the potentials of digital photography.

This report is intended for anyone who: uses cameras in their home, uses camera for leisure

activities, is curious about the applications, or is curious about how it works. Actually, this

report is for everyone since cameras have become important part of our life.

Digital photography uses an array ofelectronic photodetectors to capture the image focused

by the lens, as opposed to an exposure on photographic film. The captured image is

then digitzed and stored as a computer file ready for digital processing, viewing, digital

publishing or printing.

Until the advent of such technology, photographs were made by exposing light

sensitive photographic film, and used chemical photographic processingto develop and

stabilize the image. By contrast, digital photographs can be displayed, printed, stored,

manipulated, transmitted, and archived using digital and computer techniques, without

chemical processing.

Digital photography is one of several forms ofdigital imaging. Digital images are also

created by non-photographic equipment such as computer tomography scanners and radio

telescopes. Digital images can also be made by scanning other photographic images.

Digital cameras have decimated the film photography industry through declining use of the

expensive film rolls and development chemicals previously required to develop the photos.

This has had a dramatic effect on companies such as Fuji, Kodak, and Agfa.Up until the

advent of the digital camera, amateur photographers could either buy print film for their

camera, or slide film. If they purchased slide film, the resulting slides could be developed and

viewed using a slide projector. Digital photography revolutionized the industry by

eliminating the delay and cost. The ease of viewing, transferring and editing allowed

consumers to manage their digital photos with ordinary home computers rather than

specialized equipment.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electronicshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photodetectorhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lens_(optics)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photographic_filmhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digitizinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer_filehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digital_publishinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digital_publishinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photographic_filmhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photographic_processinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digital_imagehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digital_imaginghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer_tomographyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radio_telescopehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radio_telescopehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image_scannerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fujifilmhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kodakhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agfahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Home_computerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Home_computerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agfahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kodakhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fujifilmhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image_scannerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radio_telescopehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radio_telescopehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer_tomographyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digital_imaginghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digital_imagehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photographic_processinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photographic_filmhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digital_publishinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digital_publishinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer_filehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digitizinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photographic_filmhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lens_(optics)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photodetectorhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electronics


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LITERATURE SURVEY

This literature review provides a discussion of areas related to the qualitative research

undertaken by me. The majority of these areas have been selected primarily in line with a

need to position digital camera technology within the wider context of historical, present and

future considerations. Other areas were selected for discussion because of a need to highlight

their importance and identify areas that require particular attention in order for camera

developments to cater to the needs of particular audiences, an example of this in particular is

the area of hd recording.

The idea to this project initially was gathered from Thinkdigit Magazines November 2012

issue titled Everyones A Gamer which include detailed study about digital photography

in a small handbook along with it titled Fasttrack to Digital Photography.

A white paper titled Optics For Digital Photography by Scneideroptics was thoroughly

studied and referenced.

Other web articles that were studied are provided in the refrences column at the end of this

synopsis. The major website that was referenced was www.digitalphotography.com and

en.wikipedia.com .


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MERITS AND DEMERITS MERITS

Immediate image review and deletion is possible; lighting and compositioncan be assessed immediately, which ultimately conserves storage space.

High volume of images to medium ratio; allowing for extensive photographysessions without changing film rolls. To most users a single memory card is

sufficient for the lifetime of the camera whereas film rolls are a re-incurring

cost of film cameras.

Faster workflow: Management (colour and file), manipulation and printingtools are more versatile than conventional film processes. However, batch

processing of RAW files can be time consuming, even on a fast computer.

Digital manipulation: A digital image can be modified and manipulated mucheasier and faster than with traditional negative and print methods. The digital

image to the right was captured in RAW format, processed and output in 3

different ways from the source RAW file, then merged and further processed

for color saturation and other special effects to produce a more dramatic result

than was originally captured with the RAW image.

DEMERITS

Whereas film cameras can have manual backups for electronic and electricalfeatures, digital cameras are entirely dependent on an electrical supply

(usually batteries but sometimes power cord when in 'tethered' mode).

Many digital sensors have less dynamic range than color print film. However,some newer CCDs such as Fuji's Super CCD, which combines diodes of

different sensitivity, have improved upon this issue.

When highlights burn out, they burn to white without details, while filmcameras retain a reduced level of detail.

High ISO image noise may manifest as multicolored speckles in digitalimages, rather than the less-objectionable "grain" of high-ISO film. While this

speckling can be removed by noise-reduction software, either in-camera or on
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digital_photography#Dynamic_rangehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Super_CCDhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image_noisehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image_noisehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Super_CCDhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digital_photography#Dynamic_range


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a computer, this can have a detrimental effect on image quality as fine detail

may be lost in the process.

Aliasing may add patterns to images that do not exist and would not appear infilm.

APPLICATIONS

With the acceptable image quality and the other advantages of digital photography(particularly the time pressures of daily newspapers) the majority of

professional news photographers capture their images with digital cameras.

Digital photography has been adopted by many amateur snapshot photographers, whotake advantage of the convenience of sending images by email, placing them on

the World Wide Web, or displaying them in digital picture frames. The majority of

cameras are camera phones integrated into cell phones but their sensors and lenses are

usually small and of poor quality, which renders most of them unsuitable for making

even moderate size prints.

Some commercial photographers, and some amateurs interested in artisticphotography, have been resistant to using digital rather than film cameras becausethey believe that the image quality available from a digital camera is still inferior to

that available from a film camera, and the quality of images taken on medium

format film was thought to be impossible to match with a digital camera. Some have

expressed a concern that changing computer technology may make digital

photographs inaccessible in the future.

A specialized application is the use of digital photographs in court proceedings, withthe added difficulty of demonstrating an image's authenticity.

Some high-end film can also be projected for viewing at a much higher opticalresolution than even the best video projectors. Some professional photographers resist

the use of digital cameras because of their low frame rate. Storing an 8MP image

takes a lot of time and therefore, in some applications digital cameras are not

currently appropriate.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aliasinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photojournalisthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Snapshot_(photography)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emailhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_Wide_Webhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digital_picture_framehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Camera_phonehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cell_phonehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photographerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medium_format_(film)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medium_format_(film)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Forensic_photographyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photo_manipulationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Video_projectorhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frame_ratehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frame_ratehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Video_projectorhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photo_manipulationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Forensic_photographyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medium_format_(film)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medium_format_(film)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photographerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cell_phonehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Camera_phonehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digital_picture_framehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_Wide_Webhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emailhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Snapshot_(photography)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photojournalisthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aliasing


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CONCLUSION

Digital cameras have decimated the film photography industry through declining use of the

expensive film rolls and development chemicals previously required to develop the photos.

This has had a dramatic effect on companies such as Fuji, Kodak, and Agfa. Many stores that

formerly offered photofinishing services or sold film no longer do, or have seen a tremendous

decline. In 2012, Kodak filed for bankruptcy after struggling to adapt to the changing

industry.

Up until the advent of the digital camera, amateur photographers could either buy print film

for their camera, or slide film. If they purchased slide film, the resulting slides could be

developed and viewed using a slide projector. Digital photography revolutionized the

industry by eliminating the delay and cost. The ease of viewing, transferring and editing

allowed consumers to manage their digital photos with ordinary home computersrather than

specialized equipment.

Digital cameras in cell phones have arguably the largest impact. Smart phones can

immediately upload their products to the Internet, preserving them even if the camera is

destroyed or the images deleted.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fujifilmhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kodakhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agfahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photofinishinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Home_computerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Smart_phonehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Smart_phonehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Home_computerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photofinishinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agfahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kodakhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fujifilm


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REFERENCES

[1] Web Article, Digital Photography,

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digital_photography

[2] DSLR Camera,

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digital_single-lens_reflex_camera

[3] Digital Photography,

http://www.digitalphotography.com/

[4] DSLR vs. Point & Shoot Camera

http://photographylife.com/dslr-vs-point-and-shoot-camera

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