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TRANSCRIPT
Synergies between Organ & Tissue Recovery
Martha AndersonGlobal Leadership SymposiumWednesday May 25, 2016
My Plan Today
• The U.S. System• Clinical Applications of Tissue for Transplant• Pros and Cons of Consolidation• Discussion
US Donor Data (2015)
• ≈1.2M Hospital Deaths• 9,080 Deceased Organ Donors• ≈ 30,000+ Deceased Tissue Donors (est.)• 65,558 Deceased Cornea Donors
The U.S. Tissue Donation System
• 58 Organ Procurement Organizations– All field tissue referrals– 50 do Tissue Recovery
• 16 Non‐OPO Tissue Recovery Agencies (AATB‐accredited)
• ≈ 20 Tissue Processors – mostly non‐profit, although some for profit companies
Donor Awareness/Education
• Donate Life America: National Donor Awareness/Registry Efforts– 117M Registered in State registries (37%)
• Regional Donor Development & Awareness Programs – mostly coordinated (and paid for) by OPOs with some involvement with Eye Banks, tissue banks
U.S. Deceased Donor ProcessHospitalReferral
Local OPO/Tissue BankTriage
Donor ScreeningDonor Registry Review/
Offering the OptionHistory Interview
Recovery
Transplant FacilityTransplantation
Tissue ProcessorDonor Screening
Testing ProcessingDistribution
Donated Tissues
• Musculoskeletal– Bone – Tendons & Ligaments– Cartilage
• Dermal– Split Thickness (Dermatome)
– Full Thickness
• Cardiovascular– Heart Valves– Blood Vessels
• Ocular– Corneas– Sclera
• Other– Amnion*
* Living Donors Only
Tissue Donor Age Criteria
• MS Tissues ≈12‐70 (male)≈ 12 – 55 (female)
• Dermal Tissues ≈15 ‐ 70• CV Tissues 36 weeks – 55 y.o.• Corneal Tissues None
MTF’s Experience
• In operation since 1987• 120,000 tissue donors recovered (MS & Skin)• 7M allografts provided• Preference is to work through OPOs• In 1995, 70% donors were recovered by OPOs (Total = 1578)
• In 2015, 86% of MS donors and 96% of dermal donors were recovered by OPOs (5000 total donors)
MTF Recovery Partners
International Presence: ≈ 50 Countries
Australia
New Zealand
South Africa
Brazil
Mexico
Canada
Venezuela
Ecuador
Ireland
United Kingdom
Sweden
Colombia
Saudi Arabia
Turkey
ItalySpain
Bahamas
Malaysia
Thailand
Argentina
Chile
Israel
Phillippines
MS Tissue Recovery• Femur• Tibia• Fibula• Humerus• Hemi‐Pelvis• Ribs & Sternum• Tendons & Ligaments• Radius & Ulna
Clinical Applications of Donated Human Tissue
General Orthopedic Tissues
Machined Spinal Grafts
Spine Fusion
Sports Medicine Tissues
Meniscus
Osteochondral Graft (Cartilage)
Patellar Tendon (BTB)
Achilles Tendon
ACL/PCL Repair
• 80,000 to 90,000 procedures annually with allograft
• Waiting lists due to shortages
Ewing’s Sarcoma ‐ Preoperative IllustrationEwing’s Sarcoma
Preparation of the Allograft
Intraoperative X‐Rays
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Graft-Host Junction
“ I want to thank with all my heart the person who donated the bone, because thanks to this donor I am very happy. I want to say God bless you. This is very important to me. “ Natalia
“ Thank God that in life there are donors, not only organ donor but also donors of love, hope and faith. “ Natalia’s Mom
Dermal Tissues: Full Thickness & Split Thickness Skin Grafts
Turia Pitt – Australian Ironman!
2.4 mi ‐ Swim112 mi ‐Bike26 mile ‐Run
Breast Reconstruction following Mastectomy
Sue Pilon, Breast CA Survivor & Tissue Recipient
OPOs as Tissue Banks
Benefits of Consolidation
• Benefits to Hospitals• Benefits to the Community• Benefits to the OPO
Benefits to the Hospital• Minimizes multiple contacts with multiple agencies
• Improved service to hospitals (education, data)
• Able to see direct connection between donors and transplantable tissues in almost every hospital
Benefits to the Community
• Protects the public trust• Treats all families equally ‐ eliminates the “second class citizen” status of tissue donor families
• Increases overall tissue availability to patients
Benefits to the OPO• Full service to hospitals, families & the community
• More opportunities to be in a hospital, and to be visible in all parts of the hospital
• Strengthens OPO’s connection with end users, especially NS & Critical Care (burn patients)
• Builds stronger relationships with Medical Examiner/Coroner
Benefits to the OPO
• Financial contribution– Diversification of revenue stream– Tissue can financially contribute, underwrite some organ costs
– Cost sharing for communication center, public relations, awareness, education, facilities
Potential Downsides
• Takes away from primary mission• OPO doesn’t have expertise necessary• Does asking families for tissue decrease organ donation consent/authorization? No evidence!
• Compliance with multiple regulatory agencies• Increases size of organization (more staff, more responsibility, more financial risk)
• Lack of support from Board, surgeons or government
Organ Donors vs. Tissue DonorsOPO # Organ Donors # Tissue Donors
OPO A 150 570
OPO B 200 525
OPO C 541 1935OPO D 138 341
OPO E 190 1183
OPO F 483 1201
OPO G 102 260
OPO H 282 847
Case Study: LifeCenter Northwest
• Organ recovery only until 2008 (tissue recovery performed by blood bank‐based TB)
• Began tissue recovery to broaden/strengthen the OPO and to address service issues
LCNW Organ & Tissue Donors
Conclusion
• In the U.S., tissue recovery has grown because of OPO involvement and required referral systems
• Tissue donors can lead to more organ donors• Duplicative efforts are unnecessary and costly• We recognize the U.S. system doesn’t work for all countries
LCNW Organ Donors 2009‐2015
433476 461
525 541
624 640
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015
LCNW Organs Transplanted 2009‐2015
LCNW Tissue Donors: 2009 to 2015