synchrotron radiation science present and future

Synchrotron Radiation Science

Present and Future

Tetsuya IshikawaDirector, RIKEN Harima

Institute

16 June 2010The 4th Yamada Conference on Advanced Photons and Science

Evolution 2010

Plan

1. Introduction2. SPring-8 Facility3. Recent Science Development at

SPring-84. X-Ray Free Electron Laser5. Future Prospect

PlanPlan

New Light Always Creates New Science & New Light Always Creates New Science & TechnologyTechnology

16 June 2010The 4th Yamada Conference on Advanced Photons and Science Evolution

2010

Synchrotron Radiation (SR)Synchrotron Radiation (SR)

16 June 2010The 4th Yamada Conference on Advanced Photons and Science Evolution

2010

Synchrotron radiation is electromagnetic radiation generated by a synchrotron. It is similar to cyclotron radiation, but generated by the acceleration of ultrarelativistic (i.e., moving near the speed of light) charged particles through magnetic fields. This may be achieved artificially in synchrotrons or storage rings, or naturally by fast electrons moving through magnetic fields in space. The radiation produced may range over the entire electromagnetic spectrum, from radio waves to infrared light, visible light, ultraviolet light, X-rays, and gamma rays. It is distinguished by its characteristic polarization and spectrum. (from Wikipedia) Deliver high energy photon beams inaccessible by

any other means Well-defined photon beam characteristics in 6D

phase space & polarization Pulsed photon beam suitable to fast time-resolved

observation Light to explore the nano-world

IntroductionsIntroductions

SPring-8

SSuperuper PPhotonhoton ring 8ring 8 GeVGeV

5

(1) Machine time (FY2009) ：Operating time of the Storage Ring = 5,035 hours User Time = 4,015 hours

(2) Number of proposals carried outAnnual (2009): 1,904 (Public BL = 1,391, Contract BL = 513)Total (Oct. 1997 - Mar. 2010): 16,344

(3) Number of usersAnnual (2009): 12,938 (Public BL = 9,033, Contract BL = 3,095)Total (Oct. 1997 - Mar. 2010): 110,223

●Location ：　 Harima Science Garden City, Hyogo Pref. Japan●Construction Period ： 1991 ～ 1997 (Open to Public: Oct. 1997 ）●Construction Cost ： 110 Billion JPY ($1 Billion *$1=110 JPY) *including 10 Public Beamlines

●Operation and Utilization ：　　　

On June 5, 2009, the number of total

user visits to SPring-8 reached 100000.

On June 5, 2009, the number of total

user visits to SPring-8 reached 100000.

SPring-8: Super Photon Ring-8GeVSPring-8: Super Photon Ring-8GeV

6

SPring-8 Major MilestonesSPring-8 Major Milestones

Now

Beam Profile@ BM (Acc.Diag.BL 38B2)

Sectional View of Electron Beam @ ID Center

7

Progress of Electron Beam Progress of Electron Beam PerformancePerformance

The thinner, the brighter for the same current

8

99.4

99.5

99.6

0:00 6:00 12:00 18:00 24:00

Sto

red

Cu

rren

t /

mA

2009/10/12

0.03 mA

99.4

99.5

99.6

12:00 12:05 12:10 12:15

Sto

red

Cu

rren

t /

mA

Stable Top-up Operation

1. Stored Current Variation < 0.03 %

2. Injection Beam Loss < 10 %

3. Stored Beam Oscillation Free

• Fixed interval (~ Oct. 2007)– Interval 1 min (several, hybrid) or 5 min (multi-bunch)– Current stability 0.1 %

• Variable interval (Nov. 2007 ~)– Interval depending on lifetime 20 sec ~ 2 min.– Current stability 0.03 % (30 A/one shot)

Top-up Operation enabled ‘Absolute Intensity Top-up Operation enabled ‘Absolute Intensity Measurement’Measurement’

The 4th Yamada Conference on Advanced Photons and Science Evolution 2010

Two-story beam transport

Experimental hall

Vacuum component hutch (pump station)

Movable end-stopper

Double-crystalmonochromator

Optics hutch

Storage ring building

Experimental hutch 1Beryllium window

The open air

Beryllium window

Experimental hutch 2

Long beamline building

Distance from the source1000 m980 m960 m140 m120 m100 m

100 m 120 m80 m40 m 60 m

5

1000 m Beamline, BL29XUL1000 m Beamline, BL29XULGreat Possibility of the Coherent X-Rays


Image of Be window at 1000 m Endstation

View size 　 0.48 mm ×0.48 mm

Detector Resolution 　 480 nm

E = 16 keV ( ~ 78 pm)

Coherent X-Rays at the 1000 m Coherent X-Rays at the 1000 m EndstationEndstation

X-Ray speckle was observed!


27 m long in-vacuum undulator was constructed!

In-vacuum undulatorTotal length = 27 m

U= 32 mmN = 781 K 1.76

E1st: 7.2 ~ 18.7 keV

Baverage ~ 1020 photons/mm2/mrad2/s in 0.1 % b.w.Total Power ~ 35 kWOn axis power ~ 1.2 kW/mm2 @ 50 m

H. Kitamura H. Kitamura et alet al, , NIMNIM A (2001) A (2001)

27m Undulator Beamline, BL19LXU27m Undulator Beamline, BL19LXU


Performance

Photon Flux with Si 111Undulator spectrum Undulator spectrum

@ 12 mm gap@ 12 mm gap

Beam size: 0.5 x 1.3 mmBeam size: 0.5 x 1.3 mm22 (FWHM) (FWHM) Flux density with Si 111 > 2x10Flux density with Si 111 > 2x101414 photons/s/mm photons/s/mm22

T. Hara et al, RSI (2002)

5 10 15 201011

1012

1013

1014

1015

Photon energy (keV)

Pho

ton

flux

at

EH

1(p

hoto

ns/s

)

Undulator gap = 49 mm

FE slit 0.7(V) x 1.0(H) mm 2

FE slit 0.5(V) x 0.5(H) mm 2

20 mm12 mm

16 mm

10 20 300

1

2[1013]

Photon Energy (keV)

Pho

ton

flux

(ph

oton

s/s)

measured calculated

27m Undulator Performance27m Undulator Performance


13

Status PublicBeamlines

ContractBeamlines

RIKENBeamlines

Accelerator

Diagnostics

Beamlines

Total

Operational ★26 ●17 ◆8 ■2 53Planned or Under Construction ○ 1 ◇1 2

Total 26 18 9 2 55

Contract BL

TOYOTA(TOYOTA Central R&D Labs.,Inc.)Univ-of-Tokyo(The University of Tokyo)Advanced Softmaterial (Advanced Softmaterial Beamline Consortium)

RIKENBeamlin

eTargeted Proteins

Inauguration in 2009-2010

Contract Beamlin

e

Advanced Basic Science for Battery Innovation(Kyoto University)

RIKENBeamlin

e

Quantum Nano Dynamics

Planned or Under Construction

SPring-8 BeamlinesSPring-8 Beamlines

Structure of Rhodopsin, a G Protein-Coupled Receptor

◆ G Protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) play a role of switch to control the operation and fate of cells as receptors for a variety of hormones and neurotransmitters.

◆ Many kinds of drugs targeting GPCRs such as antasthmatic and psychotropic have been developed.◆ Rhodopsin, one of GPCRs, is a membrane protein in retina of eye, and acts as a very sensitive molecular switch.◆The structure of bovine rhodopsin was determined using RIKEN Structural Biology I beamline (BL45XU). ◆ The findings from the structural analysis of rhodopsin elucidated a variety of visual functions of rhodopsin.◆ This achievement was published in Science on 4 August 2000, and the image of rhodopsin has adorned the cover.◆The number of citing articles is 2746, current as of May 14, 2010. (data from ISI Web of Knowledge)

◆ RIKEN, University of Washington, Tokyo Institute of Technology.

Structure of Bovine Rhodopsin


New Nanoscience

One-dimensional Array of O2

◆One-dimensional arrays of O2 molecules physisorbed in a microporous metal-organic solid were observed directly by SPring-8 X-ray powder diffraction method.◆The findings will pave the way for the development of advanced functional materials such as magnetic and superconducting materials.◆Published in Science, December 20, 2002.◆ Prof. Kitagawa (Kyoto University) et al.

Direct Observation of H2

Electron density distribution of the microporous solid and O2 molecules physisorbed in it.

a: before adsorbing O2

b: after adsorbing O2

red spheres: O2

◆Arrangements of H2 molecules adsorbed onto a microporous metal-organic material were observed directly by SPring-8 X-ray powder diffraction.◆The SPring-8 high-brilliance X-rays and a new analysis method based on the MEM/Rietveld method enabled the direct observation of hydrogen, the lightest element.◆Published in Angewandte Chemie International Edition （ Online Edition ） , November 22, 2004.◆Osaka Women’s University, JASRI, Kyoto University, and others.

Electron density distribution of the microporous solid and H2 molecules physisorbed in it.

blue spheres: H2

green arrow: direction of a micropore


High-pressure phase transition in mantle mineral

◆ High-brilliance synchrotron X-rays at SPring-8 incorporated with the highly-sophisticated high pressure technology made possible a reliable in situ measurement under high-pressure conditions corresponding to the deep interior of the earth.

◆ The excellent combination revealed that a principal mineral, MgSiO3, forms a new phase named “post-perovskite” in the mantle-core boundary (D” layer).

◆ This can successfully solve the long-standing mystery of discontinuous seismic changes and seismic anisotropy in the D” layer.

◆ Published in Science （ Science Express Reports Online Edition ） , April 9, 2004.

◆ Prof. Hirose （ Tokyo Institute of Technology ）et al. X-ray crystal structure analysis under high

temperature and pressureThe 4th Yamada Conference on Advanced Photons and Science Evolution

2010

17

Structure determination of Structure determination of 100 nm100 nm BaTiO BaTiO33

002

0-20 -1-100-11

-101

0010-10

Rint 　　　 0.0771(4350ref)R1 　　　 0.0436(2356ref)2θmax 65.6°Completeness 0.925

450 images are superimposed

(Beam size 3.2W x 2.8H um)ωtotal=225°, Δω=0.5°, 2θ=30°, Exposure time 5sec/1 image

X-ray diffraction of X-ray diffraction of 500 nm 500 nm BaTiOBaTiO33

Evolution of Structure AnalysisEvolution of Structure AnalysisX-ray Pinpoint Structural Measurement @BL40XUX-ray Pinpoint Structural Measurement @BL40XU

Structure analysis is now possible with single grain of powder sample.Structure analysis is now possible with single grain of powder sample.

NIST Powder sample ：　 CeO2

RRintint 　　　　　　　　　　 0.0620(326 refs)0.0620(326 refs) 　　RR1 1 　　　　　　　　　　 0.0377(93 refs)0.0377(93 refs) 　　　　2θ2θmaxmax 　　　　 31.17° 31.17° CompletenessCompleteness 　　 1.001.00 　　　　

RRintint 　　　　　　　　　　 0.0620(326 refs)0.0620(326 refs) 　　RR1 1 　　　　　　　　　　 0.0377(93 refs)0.0377(93 refs) 　　　　2θ2θmaxmax 　　　　 31.17° 31.17° CompletenessCompleteness 　　 1.001.00 　　　　

N. Yasuda et al., J. Synchrotron Rad. 16, 352 (2009).The 4th Yamada Conference on Advanced Photons and Science Evolution

2010

AutomobileAutomobile

Material Analysis Material Analysis

TOYOTA CENTRAL R&D LABS., DAIHATSU, MATSUDA etc.

TRC, Kobelco research Inst., NITTECH RESEARCH, Sumitomo Metal Technology Inc., Mitsui Chemical Analysis & Consulting Serve Inc., MCRC, etc.

Industrial ApplicationsIndustrial Applications

●●MedicineMedicine●●Personal care productsPersonal care products●●Health careHealth care

●●Batteries: fuel cell & Li-ionBatteries: fuel cell & Li-ion●●Nuclear power materialNuclear power material●●Analysis of contamination Analysis of contamination elementselements●●Catalysts for environmentCatalysts for environment

●●Films for ULSI,Films for ULSI,●●SemiconductorsSemiconductors●●HDD, DVDHDD, DVD●●Semiconductor laserSemiconductor laser

ElectronicsElectronics Metals & Soft materialsMetals & Soft materials

Energy & EnvironmentEnergy & Environment Life scienceLife science

Canon, NTT, SUMITOMO ELECTRIC, SONY, TOSHIBA, NEX, HITACHI, FUJITSU, Fuji Electric, Mitsubishi Electric, Panasonic, SANYO Electric, RICOH, Nichia, TAIYO YUDEN, etc.

Display

Coatings

FibersTires

Kawasaki, KOBELCO, SUMITOMO Metals, Nippon Steel, JFE Steel CO., MITSUBISHI HEAVY INDUSTRIES, TOSHIBA, MITSUBISHI MATERIALS, AsahiKASEI, AKO KASEI CO., SRI, TOYOBO, SUMITOMO CHEMICAL, FUJIFILM, NISSAN CHEMICAL INDUSTRIES, MITSUBISHI RAYON CO., TAKIRON, etc.

Fuel cell

Li-ion batteries

Deep seawater

Health care

Medicine

TOYOTA, TOYOTA CENTRAL R&D LABS., Honda Motor Co., DAIHATSU, MATSUDA, NISSAN ARC, KANSAI ELECTRIC POWER CO., TOKYO GAS, GS Yuasa Co., TOHO GAS, DAISO Co., NIPPON OIL CO., etc.

Astellas, Eisai, DAINIPPON SUMITOMO PHARMA, SHIONOGI & Co., Meiji, Mochida Pharmaceutical Co., Kao Co., SUNSTAR, LION, P&G, INAX, SHISEIDO, Kanebo, KOSE, MENARD, Takeda Pharmaceutical Co., etc.

Steel plates

Exhaust gas catalyst

Semiconductor

HDD

●●Steel platesSteel plates●●Construction Construction materialsmaterials●●CoatingsCoatings●●WeldingWelding●●ToolsTools

●●TiresTires●●FibersFibers●●Functional polymerFunctional polymer


““X-ray Free Electron Laser, XFELX-ray Free Electron Laser, XFEL””coherent light to explore nano-worldcoherent light to explore nano-world

［ wavelength ］

Laser Light

Normal Light

［ coherence ］

1 m 10 nm 1 Å1 nm100 nm10 m

visible raysinfra-red rays

THz rays UV rays soft X-rays X-rays hard X-rays

→ short wavelength （ high energy ）long wavelength （ low energy ）←

X-ray Free Electron X-ray Free Electron LASERLASERLASER

Synchrotron Light Lamps


Linac-Based Free Electron LaserLinac-Based Free Electron LaserSelf-Amplified Spontaneous Emission (SASE)Self-Amplified Spontaneous Emission (SASE)

◆ e-gun ◆ linac ◆ undulator

e-gun linac undulatorX-Ray Laser

e-beamMicro-bunching e-beam


Light Source PerformanceLight Source Performance

Remarkable Features of XFEL producing Remarkable Features of XFEL producing <0.1 nm <0.1 nm X-RaysX-Rays

　　◎ High Peak Brilliance　　◎ Narrow Pulse Width

　　◎ High Degree of Coherence

XFEL

100

10

1

0.1

0.01

10-15

10-12

10-14

10-13

10-11

10-10

Deg

ree

of C

oher

ence

（％

）

Pulse W

idth (sec)

1010

1020

1030

Peak Brilliance

Photon Factory

SPring-8

×103

×10-3

×109（ Photons/sec/mm 2/mrad 2/0.1 ％ b.w. ）


SASE Lasing in April 2009


Three Facilities Use Different Three Facilities Use Different TechnologiesTechnologies

INJECTOR ACC. STRUCTUREUNDULATOR

LCLS Laser-RF gun S-Band, Normal Conduct. Out-of-Vacuum

Euro-XFEL Laser-RF gun L-Band, SuperconductingOut-of-Vacuum

Jpn-XFEL DC-gun + V.B. C-Band, Normal Conduct.In-Vacuum

linac undulatorX-Ray Laser

e-beamMicro-bunching e-beam

e-gun


8 GeV X-Ray Free Electron Laser Facility at 8 GeV X-Ray Free Electron Laser Facility at SPring-8SPring-8

Total Facility Length ~ 0.7 kmTotal Facility Length ~ 0.7 km

Unique FeaturesXFEL and SR X-ray beams on the same sampleShort & Low emittance e-beam injection to SP8

from XFEL LinacThe 4th Yamada Conference on Advanced Photons and Science Evolution

2010

Road MapRoad Map２００６２００７２００８２００９２０１０２０１１２０１２２０１３

　　　　　　　　　　　　　 CONSTRUCTION PERIOD

Accelerator/Undulator BuildingExperimental Hall

Injector and Accelerator

Beamlines

CommissioningExp 。 Hall

Operation as a User FacilityOperation as a User Facility

User OperationUser Operation

【【 ManagementManagement 】】

＜８＜８ GeV GeV ＞＞

＜＜ PrototypePrototype ＞＞

Remaining 3 FEL lines

Seeding + New Equipment

Phase I ConstructionPhase I Construction

Machine Machine CommissioningCommissioning

Building Building CommissioningCommissioning

Phase II ConstructionPhase II Construction

　　　　　　　　 USER OPERATION PERIOD

Use for R&DUse for R&DUser OperationUser Operation

User Operation as a Seeded FELUser Operation as a Seeded FEL

Road MapRoad Map


Limitations in SRX technology No-coherent X-rayShortage of luminosity X-ray Picosecond Resolution

X-ray structure analysis requires the crystallization

Not-control of electron-state Low resolution X-ray imaging

High-luminosity X-rayHigh-luminosity X-ray Coherent X-rayCoherent X-ray Femtosecond ResolutionFemtosecond Resolution

X-ray Free Electron Laser

High-resolution Cell Imaging

Structure analysis of the Cellular Membrane without Crystallization

Repetition of Repetition of observational

data

Nano-Dynamics

・ Atomic-level analysis without crystallization

・ Ultra-high-speed imaging

Nano-Science and Technology

Observation of electron-state

pump-probe Intense Laser fields

black　hole

XFEL develops Leading-edge XFEL develops Leading-edge ResearchesResearches

Life Science Astronomy / Intense Laser fields


27

XFEL Project2006-2010

2010

1997SPring-8 Inauguration

2019

2011XFEL Inauguration

Major Upgrade to SPring-8-II

3rd Generation-like UseXFEL Use

Academic Use of XFEL

Next Generation XFEL Development

2033Major Upgrade to XFEL-II

Industrial Use

Generalization

SPring-8 Future PlanSPring-8 Future Plan

Next Generation SR Conceptual Development

Next Generation SR Elements Development

Return SR Research Outcome to the Society

Return XFEL Research Outcome to the Society

Major Upgrade to SPring-8-III 2041

New Generation SR Use Industrial Use

Next Next Generation SR Elements Development

Return SR Research Outcome to the Society

Groundbreaking for the Next Generation

3rd Generation SR Use2nd Generation-like Use

Industrial Use

Generalization

Generalization


SP8

See Individual

See System

1997 when SPring-8 started operation

PF

SR, short wavelength light, is essential to observe materials in atomic or molecular level which forms the foundation of modern science and technology.

See functions of nano-scale materials such as atoms and molecules as individual components of systems and interaction among them in the particular systems.


XFEL (SASE)(2010)

SP8-II(2019)

SP8See Individual

See System

Future Photon Science SR, short wavelength light, is essential to

observe materials in atomic or molecular level which forms the foundation of modern science and technology.

See functions of nano-scale materials such as atoms and molecules as individual components of systems and interaction among them in the particular systems.

Present SPring-8 is mostly for static observation of individual components.

SASE-XFEL will enhance the capability of observing functions of individual components.

We hope we can enhance the capability of analyzing functions of interacting systems by using SP8-II.


Concluding RemarksConcluding Remarks

• Synchrotron Radiation offers short wavelength light to explore the nano-world.

• Continuous effort towards brighter sources are ongoing.

• SPring-8 is one of 3 large scale 3rd generation x-ray SR facilities starting the user service in 1997.

• SPring-8 is now widely used as an analytical tool in vast area of science and technology.

• 3rd generation sources opened the capability of utilizing X-ray coherence.

• An X-Ray Free Electron Laser facility is under construction at the SPring-8 site as one of the 5 Key Technology Projects of National Importance, to be completed in 2010 FY.

Thank you for your kind attention.

synchrotron radiation science present and future

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