SYMBIOSIS

Symbiosis• Close, long-term association between two ore more species• “Sym” means together• “Bio” means life• Symbiosis means “living together” • Relationships will always benefit at least one organism involved• 5 types:• Predation• Competition • Mutualism• Commensalism• Parasitism

Predation• Relationship where one organism

captures and consumes the other.• Predator: organism doing the capturing,

organism that eats the prey• Prey: organism being captured, organism

that is eaten by the predator• Predator’s survival depends on its ability

to catch their prey• Speed, venom, web, etc.

• Prey’s survival depends on its ability to avoid being caught• Camouflage, physical & chemical defenses,

etc.

Competition • Relationship where two or more

individuals or populations are trying to use the same limited resources.• Resources: Food, water, shelter,

space, sunlight• Example: Elks competing for food

from plants.• Elk are herbivores• There are so many plants in their

habitat• All of the elks are competing over the

same plants for food.

Mutualism • Symbiotic relationship where both

organisms are helped or benefit.• Example: Flowers & Bees• Bees get nectar to make honey from flowers.• Bees carry pollen from flower to flower

resulting in pollination.• Bee is benefiting by getting food.• Flower is benefiting by being pollinated.

Commensalism • Symbiotic relationship where one

organism benefits and the second organism is unaffected (neither harmed or helped).

• Example: Sharks & Remoras• Remoras attach to the sharks body and

feed on scraps of food left by sharks.• Remoras benefit by getting food.• Sharks are unaffected.

Parasitism • Symbiotic relationship where one organism

benefits or is helped and the other organism is harmed. • Parasite: organism that benefits• Host: organism that is harmed, but not usually killed

• Example: Dogs & Fleas• Dogs have an allergic reactions to the fleas and the

fleas have a home and gets food.• Dog is harmed by being bitten and having an allergic

reaction.• Flea benefits by having a place to live and getting

food.

Name the Relationship• The oxpecker (a bird) lives on a rhino eating all of the bugs & parasites on the rhino.• Mutualism

• A lion hunting an antelope.• Predation

• Clownfish that are protected from predators by living in a sea anemone with poisonous tentacles.• Commensalism

• Two different penguins feeding on fish.• Competition

• A tick attaches to a human, sucking blood and possibly transmitting Lyme disease.• Parasitism