syllabus quiz note: there’s no quiz on thursday
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Syllabus quiz Note: There’s NO quiz on Thursday. 10 minutes total Describe the attendance policy Describe the video response assignment. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
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Syllabus quiz Note: There’s NO quiz on Thursday
10 minutes total
1)Describe the attendance policy
2)Describe the video response assignment
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Francis Bacon (British, 1909 -1992) , Three Studies for Figures at the Base of a Crucifixion, 1944, oil and pastel on canvas, triptych on wood fiberboard, each 37 x 29 inches. The crucifixion was for Bacon a symbol of humanity’s sadism. (right) Picasso, On the Beach (La Baignade) 1937. Picasso was a crucial source and personally encouraged Bacon.
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Francis Bacon, Painting, 1946, oil and pastel on linen, 6' 6" x 52”, MoMA, NYC
The black umbrella was the symbol of British Prime Minister Neville Chamberlain, and his policy of Nazi appeasement before WWII. “An attempt to remake the violence of reality itself” (Bacon)
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Francis Bacon, Study after Velazquez's Portrait of Pope Innocent X, 5 x 4 ft, 1953; (right top) source: Velazquez, Pope Innocent X, 1650; (right below) a still from Sergei Eisenstein’s 1925 film, The Battleship Potemkin, Odessa steps sequence
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Francis Bacon, Head Surrounded by Sides of Beef (Study after Velasquez), 4’3” x 4’, oil on canvas, 1954, Art Institute Chicago
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(left) Francis Bacon, Three Studies of figures on Beds, 1972, oil and pastel on canvas, triptych, each panel 6’6” x 4’ 10”(right) source: Eadweard Muybridge, photograph from The Human Figure in Motion, 1887
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Sotheby’s May 14, 2008, a 1976 Francis Bacon Triptych sells for $86,281,000: from existential anguish and social disaster to prize art market commodity
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Max Ernst (German Dadaist and Surrealist,1891-1976), Europe After the Rain, 1940-42, oil on canvas, 22 x 58” / Decalcomania, a Surrealist (automatist) methodBegun in Paris and completed in New York
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André Masson (French Surrealist, 1896–1987), Battle of Fishes, 1926, sand, gesso, oil, pencil, and charcoal on canvas, 14 1/4 x 28 3/4“
Masson had been gravely wounded in WWI. He believed that the Surrealist method of chance (Automatism) would reveal the sadism of all living creatures. Spent WW II years in New York City and returned to France after the war.
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(left) The Emergency Rescue Committee office in Marseilles in 1941 fine artists who escaped France: (from left to right) Max Ernst, Jacqueline Breton, Andre Masson, Andre Breton and Varian Fry
(right) "Artists in Exile", Peggy Guggenheim's apartment, New York, 1942. Front row: Stanley William Hayter, Leonara Carrington, Frederick Kiesler, Kurt Seligmann. Second Row: Max Ernst, Amedee Ozenfant, Andre Breton, Fernand Leger, Berenice Abbott. Third Row: Jimmy Ernst, Peggy Guggenheim, John Ferren, Marcel Duchamp, Piet Mondrian. Photograph: The Philadelphia Museum of Art, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
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American Abstract Expressionism
Two modes: - gestural abstraction (Action Painting)- chromatic abstraction (“Sublime” or
“Color Field” painting)
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“The Irascibles” (Abstract Expressionists), Life Magazine cover story, 1951
Theodoros Stamos, Jimmy Ernst, Barnett Newman, James Brooks, Mark Rothko, Richard Pousette-Dart, William Baziotes, Jackson Pollock, Clyfford Still, Robert Motherwell, Bradley Walker Tomlin, Willem de Kooning, Adolph Gottlieb, Ad Reinhardt, Hedda Sterne
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Post WW II: New York becomes the capital of the art world(left) Jackson Pollock (1912-1956) painting, 1950
(right) Willem de Kooning (1904–97) early study for Woman I, 1951“Action Painting”
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Willem de Kooning, Still Life, charcoal drawing, c.1921, student work in Rotterdam. In 1926 De Kooning stowed away on a merchant ship to come to the US – an illegal immigrant
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De Kooning in his studio on West 22nd street in 1937
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De Kooning, Elaine Fried (Elaine de Kooning), pencil drawing, c1940 – 1941
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Willem de Kooning, Orestes, 1947compare (right) Arshile Gorky, biomorphic
surrealist cubism, 1936-7
Gorky and de Kooning in Gorky’sStudio, c. 1937
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Willem de Kooning (American, born The Netherlands, 1904–1997) (left) Woman, 1940, oil and charcoal on canvas, 46 x 32 in.
(right) De Kooning, The Painter, 1940
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(left) Willem de Kooning, Pink Angels, c. 1945, oil and charcoal on canvas(right) Peter Paul Rubens (1577-1640), The Rape of the Daughters of Leucippus, 1618
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Willem de Kooning, Woman I, 1950-2 http://www.moma.org/explore/multimedia/audios/278/3106
“Venus” of Willendorf, limestone painted with ochre, 4 3/4 inches, 24,000 to 22,000 BCE
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De Kooning, Gotham News, 1955 “Action Painting” – Abstract Expressionism
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De Kooning, detail below of upper right (signature) corner of Gotham News, 1955, oil on canvas
Action Painting
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De Kooning in studio, Springs, NY, 1960s
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Jackson Pollock (American, 1912-1956) painting in Springs NY studio, 1950Action Painting – American Abstract Expressionism
“I believe the easel picture to be a dying form.” (Guggenheim Application, 1947)
8 August 1949 issue of Life magazine:first artist to become a media celebrity
James Dean inRebel Without aCause, 1955
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Lee Krasner (American, 1908 -1984) in New York studio, mid-1930sBlue Painting, 1946, oil on canvas, 28 x 36” Met Pollock in 1942; married him
in 1945.
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Jackson Pollock, Going West, 1934-35 ; compare: Thomas Hart Benton, The Ballad of the Jealous Lover of Lone Green Valley, 1934,
Oil/tempera/canvas
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(left) Pollock, Flame, 1934, and (below left) Naked Man with a Knife, 1938, o/c, 50 x 36”
Compare (right) David Alfaro Siqueiros (Mexican, 1896–1975), Collective Suicide, 1935, enamel on wood with applied sections, 49" x 6‘ (“Il Duco”)
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Jackson Pollock, Pasiphae, 1943; compare André Masson, Pasiphae, 1943Surrealism (subjective mythos and automatism)
and Jungian psychoanalysis: the collective unconscious
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Jackson Pollock, Guardians of the Secret, 1943, SFMoMA
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Jackson Pollock, Mural, 19'10" x 8‘1“, 1943 commissioned by Peggy Guggenheim
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Jackson Pollock, Full Fathom Five, 1947, oil on canvas with nails, tacks, buttons, key, coins, cigarettes, matches, etc., 50 7/8 x 30 1/8,“ MoMA. Partly poured and partly conventionally-painted (vertical) abstraction.
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Hans Namuth, photographs and film stills of Pollock Painting, 1951
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Jackson Pollock, Number 1, 1950 (Lavender Mist),1950, oil, enamel, and aluminum on canvas, 7 ft 3 in x 9 ft 10 in, National Gallery of Art
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Navajo sand painting, a spiritual / healing practice; compare to “Action Painting”: the automatist, performance methods of Jackson Pollock
“I feel nearer, more part of the painting. . . . This is akin to the method of Indian sand painters of the West"
- Pollock
Pollock created "drip" paintings for only a few years 1947-51
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CrVE-WQBcYQ
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American Abstract ExpressionistChromatic Expressionism
Painters of the Sublime
Barnett Newman & Mark Rothko
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Caspar David Friedrich (German, 1774 -1840), Monk by the Seashore, 1809-10, German Romantic Sublime
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Wassily Kandinsky (Russian 1866-1944) Composition IV, 1911, oil on canvas, showing objective forms “veiled” and “dissolved” as a way to move the viewer from material to spiritual consciousness. Kandinsky’s internationally influential theoretical text, Concerning the Spiritual in Art, was published in 1911
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Piet Mondrian, Composition with Red, Blue, and Yellow, 1930, o/c, 20 x 20”
Neo-Plasticism – dynamic equilibrium (without symetry) of opposites symbolizes reconciliation of universal dualities
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Barnett Newman (1905-1970), Pagan Void, 1946, oil on canvas, 33 x 38” At this point the artist destroys all previous works. “The Ideographic Picture”
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Barnett Newman, Genesis -- The Break, 1946, oil on canvas, 24 x 27” (c.61 x 69 cm), Dia Center for the Arts
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Barnett Newman, Onement I (1948), 27 by 16”, oil on canvas and oil on masking tape on canvas; (below) Kasimir Malevich, Black Square, 1915, oil on canvas, 32” square. Russian Suprematism
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Barnett Newman Vir Heroicus Sublimis (Man, Heroic, Sublime) 1950-51, o/c, 8 x 18 ft
“We are freeing ourselves of the impediments of memory, association, nostalgia, legend, myth, or what have you, that have been the devices of
Western European painting.”
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Barnett Newman and an unidentified viewer with Cathedra in Newman's studio, 1958.
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Barnett Newman, Broken Obelisk, 1971, Cor-Ten steel, one of four copies, Rothko Chapel, Houston
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Barnett Newman, Broken Obelisk, MoMA, New York, 2008.
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Mark Rothko (American b. Marcus Rothkowitz, Lithuania 1903 -1970)(left) Self-Portrait, o/c, 32/25”, 1936;
(right) Entrance to Subway [Subway Scene], o/c, 1938
"Art Must be Tragic and Timeless"
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Surrealism and myth
Mark Rothko, Omen of the Eagle, 1942
In a 1943 letter to the New York Times co-written with Barnett Newman, Rothko wrote:
“It is a widely accepted notion among painters that it does not matter what one paints, as long as it is well painted. This is the essence of academicism. There is no such thing as a good painting about nothing. We assert that the subject is crucial and only that subject matter is valid which is tragic and timeless. That is why we profess a spiritual kinship with primitive and archaic art."
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Biomorphic Surrealism and automatism
"It was with the utmost reluctance that I found the figure could not serve my purposes....But a time came when none of us could use the figure
without mutilating it.“
Mark Rothko, (left) Sea Fantasy, 1946; (right) Untitled, 1944/1945
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Rothko, (left) Number 7, 1947-48; (right) No. 15 Multiform,1949
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Mark Rothko, Untitled (Blue, Green, and Brown), 1952; West 53rd St. studio, NYC, 1952"The people who weep before my pictures are having the same religious experience I had when I painted them."
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Mark Rothko, No. 14, 1960, o/c, 114 x 105 in. SFMoMA
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Rothko Chapel suite of paintings, 1965-66, De Menil Collection, Houston, Texas, 1970, Chapel architect, Philip Johnson
“I wanted to paint both the finite and the infinite…. I was always looking for something more.”
- Mark Rothko
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Actor Alfred Molina in the recent NYC performance of Red, about Rothko’s struggle with the ethics of accepting the Four Seasons restaurant commission for the Seagram building in 1959. He turned down the commission (having already
completed the series) after having dinner in the restaurant with his wife, famously saying,“Anybody who will eat that kind of food for those kind of prices will never
look at a painting of mine.”
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David Smith (American, 1906 -1965) at “Terminal Iron Works, Boiler-Tube Makers and Ship-Deck.” (Brooklyn NYC), iron-welding workshop used as Smith’s studio between 1933-1940
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David Smith, series of 15 bronze medals inspired by Nazi war medals he had seen in Europe. (top left) Untitled Study, 1939, pencil on paper, 11 in.(top center) Medal for Dishonor: Private Law and Order Leagues, 1939
1939-1952: Picasso’s Guernica on view in NYC before travelling to LA, SF, and every major US city
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Exhibition Catalogue: "Medals for Dishonor by David Smith"Willard Gallery, New York, November 1940. cover and page, text and design by Smith
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David Smith, (left) Jurassic Bird, painted steel, 1945(right top) Specter of Profit, 1946 steel and stainless steel with (right below) Smith’s notebook sketches from the Museum of Natural History
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(left) DavidSmith, Australia, 1951, painted steel, 6' 7 x 8'12" x 16" (on cinder block base) “drawing in space” (2-dimensionality) (right) Julio Gonzalez (Spanish, 1876-1942), Woman Combing Her Hair, 1932; (below center) Picasso (Spanish, 1881-1973), Head of a Woman, 1933
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David Smith, "drawing in space“ welding, construction, assemblage process Surrealist & Action Painting automatism, spontaneity(right) Compare Picasso studio, 1912 with constructed guitar (first constructed sculpture)
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Compare David Smith with RUSSIAN CONSTRUCTIVIST sculptors(left) Third Obmokhu (student) exhibition, Moscow, 1920Vladimir Tatlin, Monument to the Third International, model completed in 1920
Smith, Voltri XVII, 196295 in. H
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Smith, Tanktotems (series), 1952-60; (center top) Picasso, Bull’s Head, 1943; (center below) photo of boiler tank tops c.1952) – anthropomorphism, found-materials assemblage welding. http://whitney.org/WatchAndListen/Artists?context=&context_id=&play_id=542
Note color
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David Smith, Zig IV, painted steel, 1963 [“Zig” references “ziggurat,” the ancient Mesopotamia structure]
Note the integration of surface andSpace – 2D/3D
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Voltri series, 1962, 27 welded sculptures in 30 days
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David Smith, Cubi XVII, 1963, stainless steel (not found metal)
industrially fabricated
Detail showing polished surface “gesture”
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Smith surveying his “personages” at Bolton landing, upstate NY, 1963
Smith died 2 years later in a pickup truck crash.
The “Tragic Generation”
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David Smith, Cubi sculpture at NYC Guggenheim, 2006 exhibition