1

Syllabus for M. Phil. in Chemistry

DEPARTMENT OF CHEMISTRY

CHRIST UNIVERSITY BANGALORE - 560 029

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Course Overview

The Master of Philosophy (M.Phil) programme in Chemistry will be conducted on a credit

based system similar to the other programmes in the University. The programme is of one year

duration and spans into three semesters. First semester consists of 2 theory papers and second

semester consists of two elective theory papers and in the third a research work based

dissertation. The Programme is designed to prepare students for teaching, higher studies or

advanced work in industry. In fulfilling the degree requirements apart from undertaking the

course work, a student is expected to conduct research work, attend and present research work

in seminars and publish papers.

Departmental Goal

To encourage and motivate young talent for chemical industry and to prepare them for higher

studies and research.

Eligibility for admission:

The requirement for admission to this programme is M. Sc degree in Chemistry (Any

specialization) or any related subject with minimum 55% marks (50% marks for

SC/ST/PH candidates) from a recognized university.

The selection is based on a personal interview conducted by the department.

Guidelines of the course:

The papers for the I semester are Research Methodology and Modern methods of

Chemistry are to be followed by all students.

A candidate can choose any two elective papers in II semester from the list of electives

given below, depending on his/her interest.

In the III semester, students are expected to prepare a dissertation on original work

undertaken by them.

The research work chosen should be in the thrust areas of Chemistry.

The candidate can select the title for research work based on the in-depth study of

reviews/research articles published in relevant reputed journals.

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The research work can be carried out in the department / reputed institutes depending on

the chosen research problem and also based on the facilities available.

Minimum two months attendance is compulsory in the III semester while doing

dissertation work.

Evaluation of dissertation is based on (a) Research proposal, (b) presentations about the

work done, (c) dissertation, (d) final defense or viva-voce examination.

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COURSE STRUCTURE

Semester Subjects/Papers Subject

Code

Credits/

paper

Total

Credits

I

1. General Research Methodology

2. Modern methods of Chemistry

RRM 131

RCH 132

4

4

8

II Electives (Choose any one). For each

elective, there are two papers.

1.Paper-I Coordination Chemistry

Paper-II Bioinorganic chemistry

2. Paper-I Heterocyclic chemistry

Paper-II Medicinal Chemistry

3. Paper-I Chemical Kinetics

Paper-II Adsorption and Catalysis

4. Papepr-I Analytical Chemistry

Paper II-Applied analysis

RCH231a

RCH232a

RCH231b

RCH232b

RCH231c

RCH232c

RCH231d

RCH232d

4

8

II

Dissertation

1. Research Proposal

2. Presentations

3.Submission of dissertation

4. Defense/Viva Voce

RCH 261

--

--

--

--

2

2

4

2

10

Total 26

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DETAILED COURSE STRUCTURE AND HOURS OF TEACHING

I Semester (General Papers)

II Semester (Any two of the elective papers)

Course

Code

Title Hours/

Week

Mark

s

Credit

RCH231a Coordination Chemistry 4 100 4

RCH232a Bioinorganic Chemistry 4 100 4

RCH231b Heterocyclic chemistry 4 100 4

RCH232b Medicinal Chemistry 4 100 4

RCH231c Chemical Kinetics 4 100 4

RCH232c Adsorption and catalysis 4 100 4

RCH231d Analytical Chemistry 4 100 4

RCH232d Applied analysis 4 100 4

III Semester (Dissertation)

Course Title Hours/Week Marks Credit

RCH 361.1 Research proposal -- 50 2

RCH 361.2 Presentations -- 50 2

RCH 361.3 Dissertation -- 100 4

RCH 361.4 Defense/Viva Voce -- 50 2

Total 250 10

Course

Code

Title Hours/

Week

Marks Credit

RRM131 General Research Methodology 4 100 4

RCH132 Modern methods of Chemistry 4 100 4

Total 8 200 8

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OBJECTIVES

SEMESTER I: (General Papers)

In the first semester, students are offered two theory papers, viz: Research methodology and

Modern methods of Chemistry. The modular objectives of these papers are:

RRM 131: General Research Methodology

The research methodology paper is intended to assist students in planning and carrying out

research projects. The students are exposed to the principles, procedures and techniques of

implementing a research project.

RCH 132: Modern methods of Chemistry

This paper is intended to introduce the students to modern methodologies of various branches of

chemistry.

SEMESTER II: (Electives)

In the second semester, four elective papers are included. Students are offered to choose any one

elective. The objectives of each elective paper are:

1. Paper-I: RCH 231a- Co-ordination chemistry

Paper-II: RCH232a Bioinorganic Chemistry

This paper presents different aspects of bonding in coordination compounds, kinetics of the

reactions in complexes and various spectroscopic and analytical techniques to elucidate the

structure of complexes.

2. Paper-I: RCH 231b- Heterocyclic chemistry

Paper-II: RCH 232b- Medicinal chemistry

Since the majority of bioactive compounds are heterocyclic compounds, this is really a course

on the fundamental chemistry of medicines and appreciate the importance of heterocyclic

compounds.

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3. Paper-I:RCH 231c- Chemical Kinetics

Paper-II: RCH 232c- Adsorption and catalysis

This paper is intended to introduce different theories of reaction rates and their kinetics,

introduction to Heterogeneous catalysis and their theories, different types of adsorption and

their influence on catalysis.

4. PaperI -RCH 231d- Analytical Chemistry

PaperII -RCH 231d- Applied Analysis

This paper deals with principles of chemical analysis, theories and instrumentation of advanced

separation and analytical techniques, significant developments in drug, pharmaceutical, food,

environmental and biochemical analysis.

SEMESTER III: (Dissertation)

In the third semester, the students are given major emphasis to pursue research work on a

chosen research problem. The modular objectives include research proposal, presentations on

the research work done, submission of dissertation and viva voce examination. The assessment

will be done based on paper publications in refereed journals and presentation of research

papers in national / international conferences/symposia/seminars.

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SEMESTER –I (General Papers)

RRM 131: General Research Methodology 60Hrs

Unit 1: Research Design and Strategies

Unit 2: Quantitative Research Methodology

Unit 3: Qualitative Research Methodology

Unit 4: Structural Research Methodology

RCH 132: Modern Methods of chemistry 60 Hrs

Unit 1: Applications of symmetry and Group Theory 12 Hrs

The symmetry point groups. Reducible and Irreducible representations - Great Orthogonality

theorem and its consequences. Character tables- reduction formula - Construction of character

tables. Chemical applications of Group theory for molecular vibrations. Molecular vibration of

symmetrical AB2 (bent) molecule, Symmetry of normal modes of ethylene. Selection rules and

applications to IR and Raman spectra, Woodward- Hoffmann rules, Jahn-Teller distortion.

Applications of Group theory to electronic spectra.

Unit 2: Spectroscopic Techniques 12Hrs

Electronic spectroscopy

Principle, theory, instrumentation and application in quantitative and qualitative analysis. Single

and double beam instruments and rapid scanning spectrophotometer.

Infrared and Raman spectroscopy

Principles and instrumentation of Infra red and Raman spectroscopy, Characteristic vibrational

frequencies of organic functional groups. Factors affecting vibrational frequencies, Application

of Raman spectroscopy as a complimentary technique to IR in structure analysis.

NMR Spectroscopy

Introduction-Fourier transform technique, chemical shift values and correlation for protons

bonded to carbon. Applications in structural elucidations. 13

CNMR spectral analysis, Two

dimensional NMR spectroscopy.

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Mass Spectrometry

Basic principles, instrumentation, ion production, Mass spectral fragmentation of organic

compounds, Applications in structural elucidation.

Applications of spectrometric methods in elucidating the structure of organic compounds.

Solution of structural problems using UV. IR, NMR and mass spectral data.

Electron spin resonance

Principles, Instrumentation, ESR of organic free radicals in solution, Inorganic radicals and

transition metals.

NQR spectroscopy

NQR isotopes, electric field gradients, Nuclear Quadrupole coupling constants, Experimental

techniques and applications.

Unit 3: Analytical techniques 12Hrs

Chromatography- Principles and applications of paper, thin layer, 2D-thin layer

chromatography, Gas chromatography-detectors, temperature programming, GC-MS, HPLC

Electro analytical methods- Principles and applications of Electrogravimetry, Coulometry,

Polarography and Voltammetry, amperometric titrations.

Thermal methods of analysis.

Theory, instrumentation and applications of TGA, DTA and DSC.

Radio analytical methods- neutron activation analysis, isotopic dilution analysis, radiotracer

technique. Applications of all these techniques, use of radioactive isotopes in solving analytical

and physico chemical problems.

Capillary electrophoresis: Theory, Instrumentation, Sample separation and detection,

applications, capillary electrochromatography, MECC.

Analysis of Biomolecules: Enzyme based assay. ELISA, RIA, Flurosencent techniques,

Western blotting, Biosensors, and chemosensors. Nano techniques- Detection using flurosence.

DNA sequencing, sequencing of proteins.

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Unit 4: New methodologies in catalysis 12 Hrs

Preparation of catalysts, introduction of precursor compound, impregnation, adsorption,

interaction of metal compound with substrate surface, metal distribution within catalyst pellets,

metal cluster compounds as active precursors, pre-activation treatment, drying and calcinations,

activation process.

catalytic activity of zeolites, sorption and diffusion in relation to catalysis,

Shape selective catalysis by zeolites, zeolites in certain industrial processes, petroleum refining,

alkylation and aromatization, ion exchange in zeolites, application in pollution control.

Synthesis, structure, characterization and applications of aluminophosphate molecular sieves.

Unit 5: New methodologies in organic synthesis 12 Hrs

Electro-organic synthesis: Special features of electro-organic synthesis as compared to

conventional synthesis, reaction variables in electro-organic synthesis.

Classification: synthesis involving cathodic, anodic, phase-transfer catalysed and

electropolymerisation reactions, one or two examples of each type of reaction.

Biocatalysts in organic synthesis: Introduction, biochemical oxidations and reductions, enzymes

catalysed hydrolytic processes.

Aqueous phase reactions – Green Chemistry: Diels-Alder reaction, Claisen rearrangement,

Michael reaction, aldol condensation, Knoevenagel reaction, benzoin condensation, pinacol

coupling, Strecker synthesis, Wurtz reaction, Heck reaction. Oxidations and reductions,

polymerization reactions.

References:

1. Cotton F.A.. Chemical Applications of Group Theory Wiley Eastern, 1976.

2. Schonland D.S. Molecular Symmetry Van Nostrand, 1965.

3. Banwell C.N. Introduction to Molecular Spectroscopy.TMH Edition, 1994.

4. Barrow G.M. Introduction to Molecular Spectroscopy. McGraw Hill, 1988.

5. Kemp W. Organic spectroscopy. London: ELBS, 2000.

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6. Silverstien R.M., and W.P. Weber. Spectrometric identification of organic compounds.

2005.

7. Pavia D.L., G.M. Lapman and G.S. Kriz. Introduction to spectroscopy, 3rd

Ed. Harcourt

College Publishers, 2001.

8. Christian G.D. Analytical chemistry. 5th

ed, John – Wiley and Sons Inc., 1994.

9. Willard H.H., L.L. Merrit, J.A. Dean and F.A. Set Instrumental methods of analysis.

CBS Publishers, 1996.

10. Skoog, West, Holler and Crouch. Fundamentals of analytical chemistry, 8th

ed. Thomson

Asia Pvt. Ltd, 2004.

11. Styles A.B., Catalyst manufacture, Ny: Marbel Dekker Inc., 1983.

12. Anderson J.R. and M. Boudart Catalysis, science and technology, Vol. 6, Berlin

Heildberg: Springer – Verlag, 1984.

13. Barrer R.M. Hydrothemal Chemistry of Zeolites, London: Academic press, 1982.

14. Breck D.W. Zeolite molecular sieves. Ny: Wiley, 1977.

15. .Ahluwalia V.K and M.Goyal. A text book of organic chemistry. New Delhi: Narosa

publishing house, 2000.

16. Ahluwalia V.K. and R. Aggarwal. Organic synthesis: special techniques. New Delhi:

Narosa publishing house, 2001.

17. Sanghi R.and M.M.Srivatsava. Green chemistry, environment friendly alternatives, New

Delhi: Narosa publishing house, 2003.

18. Ahluwalia V.K. and M.Kidwai, New trends in green chemistry, Netherlands: Kluwer

academic publishers, 2004.

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RCH 231a: Co-ordination chemistry 60Hrs

Unit 1: Bonding in Metal Complexes 10 Hrs

Crystal field theory-splitting of orbitals in octahedral, tetrahedral, square planar, square

pyramidal and trigonal bipyramidal fields-Ligand field stabilisation energy-John-Teller effect-

Evidence for metal ligand overlap.

Molecular orbital theory of transition metal complexes-Molecular orbital energy level diagram

for octahedral complexes with and without pi-bonding.

Unit 2: Kinetics and Mechanism of metal complex formation 10 Hrs

Inert and labile complexes-crystal field activation energy-possible mechanisms for ligand

replacement reactions Ligand exchange reactions in octahedral complexes of cobalt (III) and

Square planar platinum (II), complexes – Trans effect-electron transfer processes. Electron

transfer reaction;, outer sphere electron transfer, Marcus equation, inner sphere electron

transfer- one and two electron transfer reactions, electron transfer through extended bridges,

mixed valence compounds, unstable intermediate oxidation state.

Unit 3: Electronic spectra of transition metal complexes 10 Hrs

Charge transfer transition and d-d transition-selection rules and transition probabilities-effect of

spin orbit coupling-Spectrochemical series of ligands-Term states for d ions-ergal diagrams-

Tanabe-Sugano diagrams-Calculation of Dq. Values with special reference to nickel complexes-

Application of uv and visible spectroscopy in the study of metal complexes of first transition

series.

Unit 4: Magnetic susceptibilities of transition metal complexes 8 Hrs

Magnetic susceptibility measurements-Gouy Method-Magnetic moment-Orbital contributions to

magnetic moment-spin orbit coupling-Temperature independent paramagnetism Application of

magnetic moments to structure elucidation.

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Unit 5: Electron paramagnetic resonance 10 Hrs

Instrumentation and sampling techniques-presentation of the spectrun-hyperfine splitting –

Factors affecting the magnitude of g values-Zerofield spllitting and Kramers dageneracy-

Nuclear quadrupole interaction-spin hamiltonian – Line widths in solid state EPR-Applications

to metal complexes

Unit 6: Bio-inorganic Chemistry 12 Hrs

Oxygen carriers and oxygen transport proteins-Hemoglobin, myoglobin and haemocyanin-co-

operativity in haemoglobin-Iron storage and transport in biological systems-Ferritin and t

ransforrin-Haeme proteins in redox reactions-Cyctochromes, peroxidases and catalyses-Vitamin

B12. Nitrogenese-carboxy peptidase A.

References

1. Huheey J.E. Inorganic Chemistry, Principles of Structure and reactivity; New York:

Harper and Row,

2. F.A Cotton. Applications of group theory New York: Wiley, 1971.

3. Cotton F.A. and G.Wilkinson. Advanced Inorganic Chemistry. 4th

ed. New York: Wiley

Interscience,.

4. Basolo F.and R.G.Pearson. Mechanism of Inorganic reactions. New York: Wiley.

5. Purcele K.F.and J.C.Kotz. Inorganic Chemistry Philadelphia: W.B. Sonders Company,.

6. Drago R.S. Physical Methods in Chemistry. East West Edn.

7. .Earnshaw A Introduction to Magentic Chemistry. Academic Press.

8. Azaroff L.V. Introduction to solids, New York. Mc.Graw Hill.

9. Kittel C. Introduction to solid state Physics. New Delhi: Wiley-Eastern.

10. Hay R.W. Bio-inorganic Chemistry. Chichester: Ellis Horwood Ltd., 1984.

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RCH 232a: Bioiorganic chemistry 60Hrs

Unit 1: Essential Trace Elements, Alkali metal and alkaline earth cations 6 Hrs

Future essential trace elements, role of minerals, essential ultratrace metals and nonmetals.

Coordination chemistry of alkali cations, ligands of alkali cations, ion transport.

Unit 2 : Non-redox metalloenzymes 8 Hrs

Carboxipeptidase A, carbonic anhydrase, alcohol dehydrogenase.

Unit 3: Redox metalloenzymes 10 Hrs

Cytochromes, superoxide and superoxide dismutase, peroxidase and catalase, blue-copper

proteins and non-blue proteins.

Unit 4: Respiratory proteins 8 Hrs

Myoglobin, haemoglobin, hemerythrin and hemocyanin.

Unit 5 : Chemistry of Vitamin B12 and Model Compounds 8 Hrs

Structure of vitamin B12 , derivatives of vitamin B12, properties, Model compounds, chemistry

of carbon-cobalt bond, coordination chemistry, photochemistry of vitamin B12 derivatives,

kinetics and ligand exchange.

Unit 6: Iron storage and transport in biological systems 4 Hrs

Tranferrin and ferritin

Unit 7 : Nitrogen fixation and Iron-Sulphur Protiens 4 Hrs

Nitrogenase and rubredoxin.

Unit 8: Metals in medicine 6 Hrs

Chelation therapy, gold compounds and rheumatoid arthritis, anticancer drugs, antimicrobial

agents

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Unit 9 : Effects of Inorganic Pollutants on Biological Systems 6 Hrs

Impact of toxic metal ions on enzymes, cadmium, mercury, lead, arsenic, carbon monoxide,

nitrogen oxides, sulphur dioxide, cyanide.

References

1. Hay R.W. Bio-inorganic Chemistry. Chichester: Ellis Horwood Ltd., 1984.

2. Cotton F.A. and G.Wilkinson. Advanced Inorganic Chemistry. 4th

ed. New York: Wiley

Interscience,.

3. Bertini I, H. B. Gray, S. J Lippard and J. S. Valentine. Bioinorganic Chemistry.1st ed.

Viva Books Pvt Ltd, 2007.

4. Kaim. Wolfgang , Brigitte Schwederski. Bioinorganic Chemistry: Inorganic Elements in

the Chemistry of Life: An Introduction and Guide. Wiley, 1994.

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RCH231b Heterocyclic Chemistry 60 Hrs

Unit 1. Introduction 3 Hrs

Nomenclature, general reactivity patterns of common heterocyclic compounds.

Unit 2. Small Ring Heterocycles 5 Hrs

Syntheses of aziranes, oxiranes & thiiranes; Ring openings and heteroatom extrusion; Synthesis

& reactions of azetidines, oxetanes & thietanes

Unit 3. Five membered heterocycles – Furan, Pyrrole and Thiophene 4 Hrs

Synthesis and reactions

Unit 4. Six membered heterocycles – Pyridine, Quinoline and Isoquinoline 4 Hrs

Synthesis and reactions

Unit 5. Seven-and Large-Membered Heterocycles 5 Hrs

Synthesis and reactions of azepines, oxepines, thiepines, diazepines and thiazepines.

Unit 6. Rings with more than one heteroatom 12 Hrs

Structural and chemical properties; Synthesis and reactions of 1, 2 –Azoles and 1, 3-Azoles,

Synthesis of pyrazole, isothiazole and isooxazole, Synthesis of imidazoles, thiazoles &

oxazoles, Synthesis of pyridazines, pyrimidines, pyrazines, Synthesis of triazole and tetrazole.

Unit 7. Bicyclic Heterocycles 8 Hrs

Synthesis and reactions including medicinal applications of benzopyrroles, benzofurans,

benzothiophenes, benzimidazoles, benzodiazepines, benzothiazoles, benzoxazoles, quinolines,

isoquinolines, benzofused diazines, acridines, phenothiazines, carbazoles and pteridines

Unit 8. Porphyrins 4 Hrs

Classification and synthesis of porphin rings; Natural and synthetic metalloporphyrins;

importance in biology.

Unit 9. Biological Heterocycles 15 Hrs

Chemical and biological properties and total synthesis of thiamine, lysergic acid, reserpine,

nicotine, phenanthrene alkaloids, papaverine, nucleic acids bases.

Total synthesis of Cephalosporin-C, taxol, Artemisinin, Belladine, Atropine, Heptaphylline,

Peepuloidin, Morphine, Camphor, Cadinene, Abietic acid, Gibberelic acid, Zinziberine,

Squalene, pelargolidin chloride and Hirsutidin chloride, Azadirachtin.

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RCH232b Medicinal Chemistry 60 Hrs

Unit 1. Introduction 6 Hrs

Development of new drugs, procedures followed in drug design, chemical parameters in drug

design (biological isosterism), biological properties of simple functional groups.

Unit 2. Drug discovery, Design and Development 12 Hrs

a. Finding a lead: Choosing a disease, choosing a drug target, identifying a bioassay and

finding a lead compound.

b. Optimising target interactions: Structure-activity relationship, identification of a

pharmacophore and strategies in drug design.

c. Drug development: Preclinical and clinical trials, patenting and regulatory affairs, chemical

and process development.

Unit 3. Combinatorial synthesis 15 Hrs

Solid phase techniques, Methods of parallel synthesis, isolating active component in a

mixture: deconvolution, Structural determination, planning and designing a combinatorial

synthesis, examples of combinatorial synthesis and its limitations.

Unit 4. Pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics 12 Hrs

Protein as drug targets: Enzymes- protease, kinase,

Protein as drug targets: Receptors- Nuclear receptor, ion channel and GABA receptors

Nucleic acids as drug targets

Unit 5. Various categories of drugs 15 Hrs

Antibiotics, Antimalarials, Analgesic & Antipyretics, Anti-inflammatory, Anaesthetics,

Tranquilizers, Cardiovascular and Antivirals

Books Suggested:

1. Bansal K. Raj. Heterocyclic chemistry 3rd ed., New Age International (P) Ltd.,1999.

2. Joule J. A. and K. Mills. Heterocyclic chemistry . 4th ed. Blackwell publishing, 2007

4. Gupta R.R., M. Kumar and V. Gupta. Heterocyclic Chemistry Vol. 1-3, Springer Verlag

5. Gilchrist T.L. Heterocyclic Chemistry. Longman Scietific Techinal.

5. Acheson R.M. An introduction to the Heterocyclic Compounds. John Wiley

6. Katritzky A.R. and C.W. Rees. Comprehensive Heterocyclic Chemistry. eds. Pergamon

7. Mann J., R.S. Davidson, J.B. Hobbs, D.V. Banthrope and J.B. Harborne, Natural Products:

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Chemistry and Biological Significance, Longman, Essex.

8. Silverman R. B. The Organic Chemistry of Drug design and Drug action, Academic

press.

9. Lednicer D. Strategies for Organic Drug synthesis and Design. J. Willey.

11. Wilson, Gisvold AND Dorque: Text book of organic medical and pharmaceutical

chemistry

12. Graham L.Patrick An introduction to medicinal chemistry, 3rd

ed, Oxford University press,

2005.

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RCH231c Chemical Kinetics 60 Hrs

Unit 1: Introduction to Kinetics 20 Hrs

Theories of unimolecular reactions, bimolecular reactions, Ter molecular reaction, complex

reactions: Reversible, series and parallel reaction, Temperature dependence of rate constants,

Arrhenius expression.

Unit 2: Chain and fast reactions 20 Hrs

Chain reactions: Straight chain and branched chain reactions. Radical chain reactions, Radical

chain polymerization. Potential energy surfaces, Reaction co-ordinate, reaction cross section,

Activated complex theory. General methods for studying fast reactions.

Unit 3: Reactions in Solutions 20 Hrs

Reactions in solution, primary salt effect, Kinetic isotope effect, solvent isotope effect. Linear

Free energy Relationships: Hammett equation, Okamoto-Brown equations. The Taft equation,

Swain Scott and Grunwald Winstein equation. Acid base catalysis, Secondary salt Effect,

Bronstad Catalysis Law.

References:

1. Nicholas John. Chemical Kinetics Harper and Row 1976.

2. Gardiner W.C. Rates & Mechanism of Chemical Reactions, W.A. Benjamin Inc. 1969.

3. Gilliam R.D. Introduction of Physical Organic Chemistry. Addison-Wesley, 1969.

4. Moore W.J. and R.G.Pearson Kinetics and Mechanism J.W., New York, 1988.

5. Laiddler K.J. Chemical-Kinetics McGraw Hill, New York, 1991.

6. Atkins P.W. Physical Chemistry 16th

Edn. ELBS, 1998.

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RCH 232c Adsorption and Catalysis 60Hrs

Unit 1: Introduction to Catalysis 20 Hrs

Homogeneous and Heterogeneous Catalysis, Kinetics of heterogeneous catalysis, unimolecular

reactions, Absolute Rate Theory, diffusion, Electronic fractors in catalysis by metals and

semiconductors. Heterogeneous catalysis, transition state theory, specificity and selectivity in

catalysis, catalytic activity and strength of chemisorption, Langmuir-Hinshelwood and Eley-

Rideal mechanism. Michaelis – Menten Enzyme Kinetics, Competitive Inhibition in Enzyme

Catalysis

Unit 2: Adsorption 20 Hrs

Physical forces of adsorption, Chemical forces of adsorption on metals and semi-conductors.

Kinetic of chemisorption, Adsorption and reaction rate Adsorption equilibrium. Kinetics of

solid state reactions. Intermolecular interactions, Physisorption, Surface area, pore size

distribution, hysterisis and shapes of capillaries, chemisorption, potential energy curves, heat of

adsorption, adsorption isotherms, Freundlich,.Langmuir and BET.

Unit 3: Catalytic Technology 20 Hrs

Surface area and porosity measurement – measurement of acidity of surfaces; Support materials

– preparation and structure of supports – surface properties, preparation of catalysts –

introduction of precursor compound – pre-activation treatment – activation process.

Deactivation of catalysts, classification of catalyst deactivation processes, poisoning of

catalysts, coke formation on catalysts, metal deposition on catalysts, sintering of catalysts,

Regeneration of deactivated catalysts,

References:

1. Hughes R. Deactivation of catalysts, Academic press, London, 1984.

2. Anderson R.B. Experimental methods in catalysis research, Academic press,

New York, 1981

3. Clark A. The theory of Adsorption and catalysis. Academic Press, 1970.

4. Rideal E.K.Concepts in Catalysis. Academic Press, 1968.

5. Garner W.E. Chemistry of the solid state. London: Butterworthoo,.

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6. Galway A.K. Chemistry of solids. London: .W.Chapman and Hall.

7. Wendlandt. Thermal Methods of Analysis. New York: Interscience.

8. Chakraborthy D.K. Adsorption and catalysis by solids. Wiley Eastern Ltd. 1990.

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RCH 231d: Analytical Chemistry 60 Hrs

Unit 1: Validation of analytical methods 15Hrs

Accuracy and precision, Relative error, correlation coefficient, mean and average deviation and

standard deviation, limit of detection, quantitation limit, sensitivity, selectivity, specificity,

measurability, Statistical tests 2.5 d and 4d rule, t-test, F-test and their significance, Least square

method of deriving calibarion plots.

Unit 2: Advanced Separation Techniques:

Solvent extraction - batch and continuous extraction of liquids, continuous solid- liquid

extraction, (Soxhlet extraction of phytochemicals), Craig’s counter current method, industrial

applications. 5Hrs

Chromatography: Ion Exchange chromatography- concentration and recovery of trace metals,

anion and cation separations and applications.; Principle and Techniques of column

chromatography; size exclusion chromatography; capillary GC; HPLC - applications, Gel

permeation chromatography for polymers and biomolecules, Super critical liquid

chromatography- principle, instrumentation and applications. 10 Hrs

Electrophoresis: Theory and classification, Factors influencing mobility, macromolecular size

and charge, interaction with supporting electrolyte, pH and concentration discontinuities, factors

affecting electrophoretic phenomena,SDS page, electrolysis, electroosmosis, temperature and

supporting media, Instrumentation and methodology. 10 Hrs

Unit 3: Optical spectroscopy methods 20Hrs

Atomic Absorption spectrometry: Theory, instrumentation, analytical applications,

interferences. Atomic Emission spectroscopy: Flame Emission Spectroscopy, ICPES, basic

principles of flame photometry, applications. Molecular Luminescence Spectroscopy: Theory of

fluorescence and phosphorescence, fluorimetry in quantitative analysis, instrumentation,

fluorescence quenching, applications in quantitative analysis

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References:

1. Skoog, West, Holler and Crouch. Fundamentals of analytical chemistry, 8th

ed. Thomson

Asia Pvt. Ltd, 2004.

2. Willard H.H., L.L. Merrit, J.A. Dean and F.A. Set. Instrumental methods of analysis, CBS

Publishers, 1996.

3. West and West, Treatise on Analytical Chemistry.

4. Christian G.D. Analytical chemistry, 5th

ed. John – Wiley and Sons Inc., 1994.

5. Khopkar S.M Environmental Pollution Analysis. Wiley Eastern.

6. Vowels P. D. and D.W. Connel. Experiments in Environmental Chemistry. Pergamon 1980.

7. Narayan Reddy K.S. The essentials of Forensic medicine and Toxicology. Hyderabad:

Suguna Devi, 2002.

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RCH 232d: Applied Analysis 60 Hrs

Unit 1: Drugs and pharmaceutical analysis 15 hrs

Importance of quality control; drugs and pharmaceuticals. Sources of impurities in pharmaceutical

chemicals. Analytical quality control in finished/final products. Common methods of assay. Analysis of

common drugs:Analgesics- paracetamol; Antiallergies-chlorpheneramine malleate; antibiotics-pencillin,

Narcotics-nicotine, Expectorants-benadryl; sedatives-diazepam; vitamins-A,C,B1,B2,B6, niacin & folic

acid

Unit 2 : Biomedical and forensic analysis 20 Hrs

Analytical methods for the constituents of physiological fluids (blood, serum, urine). Blood-Estimation

of glucose, cholesterol, urea, haemoglobin and bilirubin. Urine- urea, uric acid, creatinine, calcium

phosphate, sodium, potassium and chloride. Chemical, instrumental and biological assays to be

discussed wherever necessary.

Forensic analysis: General discussion of poisons with special reference to mode of action of cyanide,

organophosphates and snake venom. Estimation of poisonous materials such as lead, mercury and

arsenic in biological materials.

Unit- 3: Food Analysis 15 Hrs

General methods for the determination of moisture, ash, crude protein, fat, crude fibre, carbohydrates,

calcium, potassium, sodium and phosphates. Dairy products- composition of milk and milk products..

Analysis of fat content, minerals in milk and butter.

Food additives, adulterants and contaminants-food preservatives like benzoates, propionates, sorbates,

bisulphites. Artificial sweeteners like saccharin and sodium cyclamate. Pesticide residues in food.

Control of food quality-Codex alimentarices, Indian Standards.

Beverages-. Analysis of caffeine in coffee and tea, chloral hydrate in toddy, estimation of

methylalcohol in alcoholic beverages.

Unit 4: Environmental Analysis 10Hrs

Toxic chemicals in the environment and their determination, impact of toxic chemicals on

enzymes, pesticides-pollution of surface water, A survey of methods involved in the

determination of carbon monoxides, sulphur oxides, nitrogen oxides, hydrocarbons and

particulars; Method of soil analysis, soil fertility its determination, analysis of fertilizers.

Analysis of organochlorine, organophosphorus and carbamate pesticides.

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References:

1. Laitinin H.A, Chemical Analysis –, Mc Graw Hill., 1960.

2. Larry G. Hargis, Analytical Chemistry

3. James S. Fritz and George H. Schenk. Quantitative Analytical Chemistry,

4. Higuchi T. and E.B. Hanssen Pharmaceutical Analysis Wiley: New York.

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