SYLLABUS CRIMINAL LAW REVIEWBY: Atty. Leonor D. BoadoBook I1. Criminal law: nature, definition, and constitutional limitations 2. Characteristics of penal law and their basis3. Philosophies underlying the criminal law justice system4. Construction/interpretation of penal laws 5. Cases

ARTICLE. 2 - Scope of application of the Code1. Treaties and laws of preferential application2. Extra-territorial application of penal law3. Cases

ARTICLE 3 – How felonies committed1. Elements of felonies in general2. Intent and motive3. Factors that affect intent and criminal liability 4. Intelligence 5. Cases

ARTICLE 4 –Who are criminally liable1. Two clauses in paragraph 1 2. Impossible crime3. Cases

ARTICLE 5. - Duty of the court . . .Cases

ARTICLE 6. Consummated, frustrated, and attempted felonies.1. Formal and material crimes2. Overt acts and preparatory acts3. Subjective and objective phases4. Attempted vis-à-vis frustrated homicide/murder5. Cases

Art. 8. Conspiracy and proposal to commit felony. 1. Two concepts of conspiracy2. Implied conspiracy3. Arias doctrine4. Cases

ARTICLE 9 - Grave, less grave, light felonies1. Significance of classification of crime as to gravity2. Relate to Article 16 and 17, Article 125

ARTICLE 10 - Offenses not subject to the provisions of this Code. — 1. Two clauses in the law 2. Malum in se and malum prohibitum3. When suppletory effect of the Code on special laws not available4. Principles of the Code applicable to special penal laws5. Relationship between dolo and special laws6. Cases

CIRCUMSTANCES THAT AFFECT CRIMINAL LIABILITYARTICLE 11 - Justifying circumstances. 1. Justifying circumstances and their requisites2. Justifying vs. Exempting3. R.A. 9262 – Violence against Women and Children4. Cases

ARTICLE 12 - Exempting circumstances1. Exempting circumstances and their requisites/tests 2. Relate to Section 1039, Administrative Code; Art. 800 New Civil Code and Article 79, Revised Penal Code3. Youthful offenders R.A. 9344 – Juvenile Justice ActP.D 603 – Child and Youth Welfare ActArticle 47 in relation to Arts. 68 and 834. Cases

ARTICLE 13 - Mitigating Circumstances1. Definition, nature and rationale; compared to aggravating 2. Specific mitigating circumstances and their requisites3. Analogous circumstances; examples 4. Cases

ARTICLE 14 - AGGRAVATING CIRCUMSTANCES 1. Definition, compared to mitigating2. Kinds/ in relation to Article 62 – organized syndicated crime3. Specific aggravating circumstancesArticle 62, No.5; Art. 1604. Cases 

ARTICLE 15 - ALTERNATIVE CIRCUMSTANCES1. Definitions, distinctions, 2. When aggravating, when mitigating

ARTICLE 16 – 20 1. Kinds of principals In relation to conspiracy and accomplices2. Accomplices before and after the fact3. Kinds of Accessories/accessories exempt from criminal liability 4. P.D. 1829 - Obstruction of justice 5. Cases

ARTICLE 21 - 221. Definition of penalties; constitutional limitations2. Nulum crimen nulla poena sine lege3. Prospectivity rule4. Cases

ARTICLES 24 and 291. Five measures not considered penalties.2. Sec. 3, Rule 114, Rules of Court3. Credits for the preventive detention4. Cases

ARTICLES 25, 70, 71, 73, 77 1. Principal and accessory penalties 2. Three scales of penalties and their functionsS.C. Adm. Circular 6-A-92 amending Circular 6-92 3. Complex penalty

ARTICLE 34 - Civil Interdiction 1. Article 38 of the New Civil Code 2. Effect on the person

ARTICLE 38, 66, 75 - Pecuniary Liabilities1. Article 104 2. Priority of settlement 3. Cases

ARTICLE 39 - Subsidiary penalty1. Nature, rationale and computation, requisites2. Applicability to special penal laws

ARTICLE 48 - Complex Crimes1. Five kinds of plurality of offenses, distinctions and exceptions 2. Single larceny rule3. Distinguished from special complex or composite crimes4. Cases

ARTICLE 49 and 69 1. Error in Personae; rules in imposing penalty 2. Penalty for incomplete justifying/exempting; 3. Relate to Art. 64 [5], Art. 11, 12 and 13 [1]4. Cases

ARTICLES 50 – 57, 61, 711. Graduation of penalties2. Compared to Articles 46 and 2503. R.A. 9346 - People vs. Bon, October 2006

ARTICLE 62 1. Relate to Articles 14 and 152. Syndicated or organized crime 3. Cases

ARTICLE 63, 64, 65, 761. Rules for imposition of indivisible and divisible penalties2. Effect of R.A. 93463. Legal duration of divisible penalties; when not of 3 periods4. Indeterminate Sentence and Probation Laws5. Cases

ARTICLE 81 - Execution of death penalty1. R.A. 9346 – Prohibition on imposition of death penalty2. R.A. 76593. Compared to Art. 83, as amended and Art. 474. Compared to Art. 153 on Public Disturbance5. Cases

ARTICLE 89 – 94; 36; 23 

1. Kinds of extinction of criminal liability2. Extinction of civil liability3. Executive clemency and its limitations4. Pardon vs. amnesty5. Commencement and tolling of period of prescription6. Effect of evasion and escape7. Section 64 of the Revised Administrative Code8. Cases

ARTICLES 38, 100 - 113 Civil liability1. Rule 111, Sec. 2 (b)], Rules of Court) 2. Art. 1161, 2177, 2206, 2219, New Civil Code3. When acquittal does and does not extinguish civil liability4. Requisites for subsidiary civil liability5. Computation and composition of civil liability

BOOK IIARTICLE 114 - 117ARTICLE 122 - 1231. Distinctions between piracy and mutiny:2. Compared with PD 532; R.A. 76593. Qualified piracy and qualified mutiny, how committed4. R.A. 6235 – Anti Hijacking Law5. Cases

ARTICLE 124 - 1301. Elements2. Arbitrary detention vs. unlawful arrest and delay in delivery3. R.A. 7438 of 1992 – Custodial rights 4. Ways of committing violation of domicile5. Compared to trespassing6. Cases

Art. 131, 146, 147Articles 132 – 1331. Interruption vs. Offending religious feeling2. Illegal assembly vs. Interrupting, prohibiting peaceful meeting3. BP 880 – Public Assembly Act4. Cases

TITLE THREE - CRIMES AGAINST PUBLIC ORDER

Art. 134-134 A, 135, 138, 142, 148, 149, 1531. Compare rebellion and coup d’etat; rebellion and subversion; rebellion and seditionInciting to rebellion, sedition2. R.A. 6968 – coup d’etat law3. Two kinds of direct assault; how indirect assault committed4. Who are persons in authority; agent of persons in authority5. Human Security Act – “Anti-Terrorism Law”6. B.P. 880 7. Cases

Art. 153, 155, 156 – 159, 160, 223- 2251. Kinds of crimes involving disturbance 2. Public disorder vs. tumults 3. Acts constituting alarms and scandal4. Crimes involving use of firearms5. Delivery of prisoners vs. evasion of service of sentence and infidelity in the custody of prisoners6. Evasion and loyalty conduct award, Article 98 7. Quasi-recidivism vs. habitual delinquency 8. Cases

TITLE IV - CRIMES AGAINST PUBLIC INTERESTArticle 169, Article 171, 1721. How forgery committed2. How falsification committed3. Forgery vs. falsification4. Falsification vs. perjury5. Cases

Article 1771. Kinds of usurpation2. P.D. No. 10 – usurpation 

Article 180 – 184; 1. Kinds of false testimony2. False testimony vs. Perjury3. Subornation of perjury4. Cases

C.A. 142 – Anti alias Law

Article 185-1891. R.A. 9184 – Procurement Law2. Public auctions vs. Public bidding3. Cases

TITLE V – OPIUMComprehensive Dangerous Drugs Act of 2002 – R.A. 9165.1. R.A. 7659 – Heinous Crimes Law2. R.A. 9346 – Prohibition on the imposition of death penalty3. R.A. 9344 – Juvenile Protection law4. Instigation vs. Entrapment

TITLE VI - AGAINST PUBLIC MORALSGambling and lottery1. R.A. 9287 – Illegal Numbers Game2. PD 1689 – PAGCOR Charter3. R.A. 7160 – Local Government Code

Art. 200 - 2021. Art. 341 – Corruption of minor2. Who are vagrants3. Compare to trespass to property and other forms of theft4. Prostitution5. Cases

TITLE VII – CRIMES COMMITTED BY PUBLIC OFFICERSArt. 203 – 2091. Who are public officers2. Malfeasance, misfeasance, nonfeasance3. Dereliction of duty4. How unjust judgment committed5. Attorney-client privilege6. Cases

Art. 210 - 2121. Kinds of bribery2. Qualified bribery vs. dereliction of duty 3. Corruption of public officers4. P.D. 749 [Immunity to Bribe-Givers]5. Cases

Art. 213 – 2221. Ways of committing illegal exaction 2. R.A. 3019 (Anti-Graft law) 3. R.A. 7080 – Plunder Law4. Kinds of malversation5. Technical malversation6. Forfeiture of ill-gotten wealth7. Bank Secrecy Law8. Suspension pendent elite9. Cases

Art. 226 - 2281. How infidelity in the custody of documents committed 2. Compared to qualified theft of mail matters3. Cases

Art. 231 - 2451. Forms of maltreatment of prisoners 2. Who is the offended party in crimes against chastity of prisoners3. Cases

TITLE EIGHT - CRIMES AGAINST PERSONSArt. 246, 255, 256 – 259 1. Elements of parricide2. Parricide vs. infanticide 3. Abortion and infanticide

Article 247 - Death/injuries under exceptional circumstances 1. Elements and construction2. Cases

Article 248 – 249; 260 -261 1. Murder vs. homicide2. Attempted/frustrated murder vs. attempted/frustrated homicide3. Attempted/frustrated vs. physical injuries4. Qualifying circumstances5. Murder/homicide vis-à-vis arson6. P.D. 1866/R.A. 8294 –Firearms, ammunition and explosives7. Elements of duel

8. Euthanasia9. Cases

Art. 251 – 254 1. Elements of crime 2. Compare victim in 251 and 2523. Cases

Art. 262 – 266 – Physical injuries1. Kinds of injuries2. In relation to Article 2943. R.A. 8049 – Hazing Regulation Act4. Cases

R.A. No. 8353 – Rape 1. Elements of the crime2. Kinds of rape3. Compared to sedition, forcible abduction, acts of lasciviousness4. Pardon by the offended; by the minor victim5. R.A. 7877 — Sexual Harassment 6. RA 9262 – Anti Violence against Women and Children7. R.A. 7610 – Child Abuse Law8. R.A. No. 9231 – Worst Form of Child Labor9. R.A. 9208 – Trafficking in Persons10. Cases

TITLE NINE – AGAINST PERSONAL LIBERTY and SECURITYArt. 267 – 271 1. Elements of kidnapping2. Compared with grave coercion3. Qualifying circumstances4. Composite crimes arising with kidnapping5. Compared with grave coercion6. Compared to robbery7. Kidnapping and forcible abduction8. Kidnapping by parents; compared with failure to return minor9. Elements of unlawful arrest; compared with arbitrary detention10. Cases

Art. 272 - 2741. Different kinds of seizure in payment of debt2. Compared to 287 – seizure of debtor’s property3. Cases

Art. 275 – 279 Abandonment 1. Kinds of abandonment2. Meaning of “uninhabited”3. Compared to abandonment under Article 3654. R.A. No. 7610 – Child Abuse Law5. Cases

Art. 280 - 281 - Qualified trespass to dwelling. 1. Elements of the crime2. Meaning of a. dwelling b. against the will3. Qualifying circumstances4. As an element of more serious crime (e.g.

robbery)5. When trespass cannot be committed6. Compared to theft, vagrancy7. R.A. 8368 – repealing the urban squatting law8. Cases

Art. 282 – 289 1. Kinds of threats; elements 2. Threat compared with coercion3. Kinds of grave coercion; distinctions4. Coercion compared with robbery; kidnapping5. Intimidation resulting to different crimes6. Unjust vexation vs. slander by deed, maltreatment, malicious mischief7. Seizure of property of debtor vs. robbery, estafa and dacion en pago8. Cases

Art. 290. Discovery and revelation of secrets1. How crime is committed2. Compared with estafa, theft3. Acts not covered by the article4. R. A. 4200 – Anti-wire tapping law5. Cases

TITLE TENCRIMES AGAINST PROPERTYCrimes are covered under this Title

Art. 293 – 2981. Kinds of robbery; compared with theft2. Stage of accomplishment of robbery and theft3. Asportation4. Animus lucrandi; presumption of5. Taking in robbery6. Violence against/intimidation of persons vs. force upon things7. Composite crimes of robbery vs. Art. 488. In relation to Article 263 on physical injuries9. Robbery with arson, how committed10. Kinds of robbery qualified by band in Article 295-296 11. 297 vs. 296 no. 112. How attempted robbery committed13. Cases

Art. 299 – 305 1. How committed; 2. Compared with qualified theft by household member3. Inhabited and uninhabited place 4. Picklocks and false keys distinguished5. Cases

Art. 306 - 307 1. P.D. No. 5322. Who are abettors of brigandage3. Nature of highway robbery with homicide4. R.A. No. 6539 – Anti-Carnapping 5. Cases

Art. 308 – 11 - Theft1. Elements of theft2. Other circumstances constituting theft3. P.D. 705, the Revised Forestry Law4. P.D. 704/E.O. 277, Revised Forestry Law committed5. Circumstances that qualify theft6. P.D. 1612 – Anti-Fencing Law7. P.D. No. 533 — Anti-cattle rustling law8. Cases

Art. 312. 1. Nature and elements of the crime2. Nature of penalty for usurpation3. Who is the offended party here4. Possible crimes committed with usurpation5. Cases

Art. 315 - 319 1. Elements of estafa2. Estafa vs. malversation, robbery, theft3. Other forms of estafa 4. P.D. 115 – Trust Receipts Law5. B.P. 22 –Bouncing Checks LawSC Adm. Circular No. 13-20016. R.A. 8042 – Illegal Recruitment7. P.D. 1689 – Syndicated Estafa8. R.A. 9160 as amended – anti Money Laundering9. R.A. 8042 – Migrant Workers Act (Illegal Recruitment)10. Cases

Art. 320 – 3321. Arson and malicious mischief compared2. Corpus delicti in arson3. P.D. 1613 – Arson 4. Special cases of malicious mischief5. Relatives exempt from criminal liability for theft, arson and malicious mischief6. Cases 

TITLE XI – CRIMES AGAINST CHASTITY

Art. 333 -3341. Elements of adultery and concubinage2. Offenders and the procedural requirements in filing case3. Pari delicto and constructive notice principles 4. Cases

Art. 336 - 3431. Consented and unconsented acts of lasciviousness2. Compared with attempted rape3. Kinds of seduction; compared with consented abduction4. Corruption of minor vs. Child Abuse Law5. R.A. 9262 - Violence against Women and Children 6. Trafficking in Persons Act7. Forcible abduction vs. kidnapping8. Cases

Art. 344 – 3461. Procedural requirement in prosecuting crimes against chastity2. Pardon with legal effect3. Effect of affidavit of desistance4. Civil liability of offender5. Cases

Art. 347 – 3511. Elements of crimes against civil status2. R.A. 7610 – Child trafficking3. Elements of bigamy; illegal marriage; distinctions4. Article 40, Family Code5. Cases

TITLE XIIICRIMES AGAINST HONORArticle 353 – 3621. Kinds of defamation2. Elements of libel3. Kinds of malice4. Kinds of privileged statement5. New York Times doctrine6. Rule of actual malice7. who is a public figure8. Doctrine of fair commentaries9. Procedural requirements on jurisdiction10. Cases

TITLE XIVCRIMINAL NEGLIGENCE

Article 3651. Nature of culpa 2. Article 365 vs. Article 33. Two kinds of imprudence4. Principles of dolo applicable to culpa5. Principles of dolo not applicable to culpa6. Medical negligence7. Principle of res ipsa loquitor8. Abandonment in 365 vs. abandonment in 275