syllabus and marking scheme b.sc. (part-i/ii/iii) 2019-2020 · two questions will be set from each...

DEPARTMENT OF PHYSICS

SYLLABUS AND MARKING SCHEME

B.Sc. (Part-I/II/III)

2019-2020

Programme specific outcome

We offer graduation and post-graduation level courses in physics. We define

objectives for graduate student.

Levels of outcomes:-

1) A graduate student after completing his degree should be able to understand scientific

facts and figures clearly. He should also have sufficient knowledge about the subject

2) During the course, a student becomes able to develop skill to write scientific theory and

concepts in a proper manner. It improves his/her skills regarding science attitude in every

span of like.

• A student attains a certain level of experimental as well as the theoretical Knowledge.

• In these years of graduation course, A student understands, apply, analyze, and evaluates

scientific facts and figures.

• A student also develops communication skills, which develop their overall personality.

• During the course students interact will the society through N.C.C, N.S.S, and Red cross.

• During this process they develop a deep understanding about the problems in society.

• A student also learns to express scientific facts and figures objectively as well as

descriptively.

Programme outcome

1- During the graduation degree students develop analytical and critical thinking especially

in the field of science.

2- It is also desirable that students should understand the basic problems of society and

develop their scientific views to overcome the problems specially superstitions,

unhygienic living, drugs etc.)

3- Student develops effective communication skills to explore and express their scientific

thoughts in general.

4- During science graduation the students become a responsible citizen of society.

5- During the course students develop moral values and professional ethics in all their

endeavours.

6- This course makes students aware about environmental hazards and sustainable

development.

7- The process of imparting Knowledge is such that the students possess interest in the

subject, even after completion of his graduation.

Course outcome

BSc-I

The undergraduate training in Physics is aimed at providing the necessary inputs so as to set

forth the task of bringing about new and innovative ideas/concepts so that the formulated

model curricula in physics becomes in tune with the changing scenario and incorporate new

and rapid advancements and multi disciplinary skills, societal relevance, global interface, self

sustaining and supportive learning.

It is desired that under graduate i.e. B.Sc. level besides grasping the basic concepts of physics

should in addition have broader vision. Therefore, they should be exposed to societal interface

of physics and role of physics in the development of technologies.

B.Sc.-II

Present course is aimed to provide ample knowledge of basics of physics which are relevant to

the understanding of modern trends in higher physics.

The first paper is aimed at preparing the background of thermodynamics and statistical

physics essential for any advanced study of physics of condensed matter and

radiations.

The second paper is mainly concerned with a course on geometrical and Physical

optics and the laser Physics. It deals with important phenomenon like inter-ference,

diffraction and polarisation with stress on the basic nature of light. It also introduces

the basics of laser physics with some of its important applications.

The experiments are based mostly on the contents of the theory papers so as to provide

comprehensive insight of the subject.

B.Sc.-III

Present course is aimed to provide ample knowledge of basics of Physics which are relevant

to the understanding of modern trends in higher physics.

The first paper is aimed at preparing the back ground of modern physics which

includes the relativistic and quantum ideas mainly concerned with atomic, molecular

and nuclear physics. It constitutes an essential pre-requisite for better understanding of

any branch of physics.

The second paper is mainly concerned with Solid State Physics, Solid State Devices

and Electronics. This course is quite important from the applicational aspects of

modern electronic devices. It also forms the basis of advance electronics including

communication technology to be covered at higher level.



Signatures :

HOD : ------------------------------- External subject Experts: 1- ----------------------2--------------------------3------------------- Departmental Members : 1----------------2-------------3-------------4-------------5------------

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HOD : ------------------------------- External subject Experts: 1- ----------------------2--------------------------3-------------------

Departmental Members : 1----------------2-------------3-------------4-------------5------------

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Signatures :

HOD : -------------------------------

External subject Experts: 1- ----------------------2--------------------------3------------------- Departmental Members : 1----------------2-------------3-------------4-------------5------------

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Student Members: 1----------------------------2---------------------3---------------------

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HOD : -------------------------------


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PHYSICS

B.Sc. Part – II

Objectives :

Present course is aimed to provide ample knowledge of basics of physics which are relevant to

the understanding of modern trends in higher physics.

The first paper is aimed at preparing the background of thermodynamics and statistical physics

essential for any advanced study of physics of condensed matter and radiations.

The second paper is mainly concerned with a course on geometrical and Physical optics and

the laser Physics. It deals with important phenomenon like inter-ference, diffraction and polarisation

with stress on the basic nature of light. It also introduces the basics of laser physics with some of its

important applications.



Scheme of Examination :

1.There shall be two theory papers of 3 hours duration each and one practical paper of 4 hours

duration. Each paper shall carry 50 marks.

2.Each theory paper will comprise of 5 units. Two questions will be set from each unit and the student

will have the choice to answer one out of two.

3.Numerical problems of about 30 percent will compulsorily be asked in each theory paper.

4.In practical paper each students has to perform experiments during examination.

5.Practical examination will be of 4 hours duration. The distribution of practical marks will be as

follows:

Experiments: 15 + 15 = 30

Viva-Voce: 10

Internal Assessment: 10

Signatures : HOD : -------------------------------


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PAPER – I ( Code- 2034)

THERMODYNAMICS, KINETIC THEORY AND STATISTICAL PHYSICS

UNIT-I

The laws of thermodynamics : The Zeroth law, concept of path function and Point function,

various indicator diagrams, work done by and on the system, first law of thermodynamics,

internal energy as a state function, reversible and irreversible change, carnot theorem and the

second law of thermodynamics. Different versions of the second law. Claussius theorem

inequality. Entropy, Change of entropy in simple cases (i) Isothermal expansion of an ideal

gas (ii) Reversible isochoric process (iii) Free adiabatic expansion of an ideal gas. Entropy

of the universe. Principle of increase of entropy. The thermodynamic scale of temperature, its

identity with the perfect gas scale.Impossibility of attaining the absolute zero, third law of

thermodynamics.

UNIT-II

Thermodynamic relationships : Thermodynamic variables, extensive an intensive, Maxwell's

general relationships, application to Joule-Thomson cooling and adiabatic cooling in a general

system, Van der Waals gas, Clausius-Clapeyron heat equation.Thermodynamic potentials and

equilibrium of thermodynamical systems, relation with thermodynamical variables. Cooling

due to adiabatic demagnetization, production and measurement of very low temperatures.

Blackbody radiation : Pure temperature dependence, Stefan-Boltzmann law, pressure of

radiation, Special distribution of BB radiation, Wien's displacement law, Rayleigh-Jean's law,

the ultraviolet catastrophy, Planck's quantum postulates, Planck's law, complete fit with

experiment.

UNIT-III

Maxwellien distribution of speeds in an ideal gas : Distribution of speeds and of velocities,

experimental verification, distinction between mean, rms and Most probable speed values.

Doppler broadening of spectral lines.Transport phenomena in gases : Molecular collisions,

mean free path and Collision cross sections. Estimates of molecular diameter and mean free

path. Transport of mass, momentum and energy and interrelationship, dependence on

temperature and pressure.Liquifaction of gases : Boyle temperature and inversiontemperature.

Principle of regenerative cooling and of cascade cooling, liquifaction of hydrogen and helium.

Refrigeration cycles, meaning of efficiency.

Signatures : HOD : -------------------------------


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UNIT-IV

The statistical basis of thermodynamics : Probability and thermodynamicprobability, principle

of equal a priori probabilities, statistical postulates. Concept of Gibb's ensemble, accessible

and inaccessible states. Concept of phase space, canonical phase space, Gamma phase space

and mu phase space. Equilibrium before two systems in thermal contact, probability and

entropy, Boltzmann entropy relation. Boltzmann canonical distribution law and its

applications, law of equipartition of energy. Transition to quantum statistics : 'h' as a natural

constant and its implications, cases of particle in a one-dimensional box and one-dimensional

harmonic oscillator.

UNIT-V

Indistinguishability of particles and its consequences, Bose-Einstein & Fermi-Dirac

conditions, Concept of partition function, Derivation of Maxwell- Boltzmann, Bose- Einstein

and Fermi-Dirac Statistics Through Canonical partion function. Limits of B.E. and F-D

statistics to M-B statistics. Application of BE statistics to black body radiation, Application of

F-D statistics to free electrons in a metal.

Note:- Pattern of Questions paper setting

Section A - Objective type – 1x10=10 marks, 10 questions – select 2 questions form

each unit each carry 1 marks.

Section B - Short Answer type – 3x5 =15 marks, 02 questions from each unit (total 10

question) each carrying 3 marks. Word Limit (75-100 Words)

Section C – Long Answer type – 5x5 =25 marks, 02 long questions from each unit

(total 10 question) each carrying 5 marks. Word Limit (250-300 Words)



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PAPER – II (Code- 2035)

(WAVES, ACOUSTICS AND OPTICS)

UNIT-I Waves in media : Speed of transverse vaves on a uniform string, speed of Longitudinal vaves

in a fluid, energy density and energy transmission in waves, typical measurements. Waves

over liquid surface : gravity waves and ripples. Group velocity and phase velocity, their

measruements.Harmonics and the quality of sound ; examples. Production and detection

ofultrasonic and infrasonic waves and applications.Reflection, refraction and diffraction of

sound : Acoustic impedance of a medium, percentage reflection & refraction at a boundary,

impedence matching fortransducers, diffraction of sound, principle of a sonar system, sound

ranging.

UNIT-II Fermat's Principle of extremum path, the aplanatic points of a sphere and Other applications.

Cardinal points of an optical system, thick lens and lens combinations. Lagrange equation of

magnification, telescopic combinations, telephoto leneses. Monochromatic aberrations and

their reductions ; aspherical mirrors and Schmidt corrector plates, aplanatic points, oil

imersion objectives, meniscus lens. Optical instruments : Entrance and exit pupils, need for a

multiple lens eyepiece, common types of eyepieces. (Ramsdon and Hygen's eyepieces)

UNIT-III Interference of light : The principle of superpositions, two slit interference, coherence requirement

for the sources, optical path retardations, lateral shift of fringes, Rayleigh refractometer Localised

fringes ; thin films. Haldinger fringes : fringes of equal indination. Michelson interferometer, its

application for precision defermination of wavelength, wavelength difference and the width of

spectral lines, Twymann. Green interferometer and its uses, intensify distribution in multiple

beam interference. Tolansky fringes, Fabry-Perot interferometer and etalon.

UNIT-IV Fresnel half-period zones, plates, straight edge, rectilinear propagation, Fraunhefer diffraction :

Diffraction at a slit, half-period zones, phasor diagram and integral calculus methods, the intensity

distribution, diffraction at a circular aperture and a circular disc, resolution of images, Rayleigh

criterion, resolving power of telescope and microscopic systems.Diffraction gratings : Diffraction

at N parellel slits, intensity distribution, plane diffraction grating, relection grating and blazed

gratings, Concave grating and different mountings, resolving power of a grating and comparison

with resolving powers of prism and of a Fabry-Perot etalon. Double refraction and optical rotation

: Refraction in uniaxial crystals, Phase retardation plates, double image prism. Rotation of plane

of polarisation, origin of optical rotation in liquids and in crystals. Signatures :


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UNIT-V

Laser system : Purity of a spectral line, coherence length and coherence time, spatial

coherence of a source, Einstein's A and B coefficients, Spontaneous and induced emissions,

conditions for laser action, population inversion, Types of Laser : Ruby and, He-Ne and

Semiconductor lasers.Application of lasers : Application in communication, Holography and

non Linear optics. (Polarization P including higher order terms in E and generation of

harmonics).

Note:- Pattern of Questions paper setting

Section A - Objective type – 1x10=10 marks, 10 questions – select 2 questions form

each unit each carry 1 marks.

Section B - Short Answer type – 3x5 =15 marks, 02 questions from each unit (total

10 question) each carrying 3 marks. Word Limit (75-100 Words)

Section C – Long Answer type – 5x5 =25 marks, 02 long questions from each unit (total 10

question) each carrying 5 marks. Word Limit (250-300 Words)

Signatures :



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Student Members: 1----------------------------2---------------------3---------------------

B.Sc. Part- II (Code-2036)

PRACTICALS PRACTICALS

Minimum 16 (Sixteen) out of the following or similar experiments of equal standard.

1 . Study of Brownian motion

2 . Study of adiabatic expansion or a gas.

3 . Study of conversion of mechanical energy into heat.

4 . Heating efficiency of electrical kettle with varying voltages.

5 . Study of temperature dependence of total radiation.

6 . Study of termperature dependence of spectral density of radiation.

7 . Resistance thermometry.

8 . Thermoemf thermometry.

9 . Conduction of heat through poor conductors of different geometries.

10. Experimental study of probability distribution for a two-option system using a coloured

dice.

11. Study of statistical distributions on nuclear distintergration data (GM Counter used as a

black box)

12. Speed of waves on a stretched string.

13. Studies on torsional waves in a lumped system.

14. Study of interference with two coherent sources of sound.

15. Chlandi's figures with varying excitation and loading points.

16. Measurement of sound intensities with different situation.

17. Characteristics of a microphone-loudspeaker system.

18. Designing an optical viewing system.

19. Study of monochromatic defects of images.

20. Determining the principal points of a combination of lenses.

21. Study of interference of light (biprism or wedge film)

22. Study of diffraction at a straight edge or a single slit.

23. Study of F-P elaton fringes.

24. Use of Deffraction grating and its resolving limit.

25. Resolving limit of a telescope system.

26. Polarization of light by reflection ; also cos-squared law.

27 Study of Optical rotation for any systems.

28. Study of laser as a monochromotor coherent sourec.

29. Study of a divergenee of a Laser beam.

30. Calculation of days between two dates of a year.

31. To check if triangle exists and the type of the triangle.

32. To find the sum of the sine and cosine series and print out the curve.

33. To solve simultaneous equations by elimination method.

34. To prepare a mark-list of polynomials.

35. Fitting a straight line or a simple curve to a given data.

36. Convert a given integer into binary and octal systems and vice-versa.

37. Inverse of a matrix.

38. Spiral array.

TEXT AND REFERENCE BOOKS : TEXT AND REFERENCE BOOKS :

D.P. Khandelwal : "Optics and Atomic Physics" (Himalaya Publishing House, Bombay 1988)

D.P. Khandelwal : "A Laboratory Manual for Undergraduate Classes" (Vani Publishing

House, New Delhi)

S. Lipschutz and A Poe : "Schaum's Outline of Theory and Problems of Programming with

Fortran" (McGraw-Hill Book Company 1986) C. Dixon : "Numerical Analysis".

Signatures :

HOD : -------------------------------

External subject Experts: 1- ----------------------2--------------------------3-------------------


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Student Members: 1----------------------------2---------------------3---------------------

PHYSICS

B.Sc. Part –III

Objectives :

Present course is aimed to provide ample knowledge of basics of Physics which arerelevant to

the understanding of modern trends in higher physics.The first paper is aimed at preparing the

back ground of modern physics which includes the relativistic and quantum ideas mainly

councerned with atomic, molecular and nuclear physics. It consistutes an essential pre-

requisite for better understanding of any branch of physics.The second paper is mainly

concerned with Solid State Physics, Solid State Devices and Electronics. This course is quite

important from the applicational aspects of modernelectronic devices. It also forms the basis

of advance electronics including communicationtechnology to be covered at higher level.The

experiments are based mostly on the contents of the theory papers so as to provide


Scheme of Examination :

1. There shall be two theory papers of 3 hours duration each and one practical paper of 4

hours duration. Such paper shall carry 50 marks.

2. Each theory paper will comprise of 5 units. Two questions will be in each unit and the

student will have the choice to answer one out of the two.

3. Numerical problems of about 30 percent will compulsorily be asked in each theory paper.

4. In practical paper each student has to perform two experiments during examination.

5. Practical examination will be of 4 hours duration.

The distribution of practical marks will be as follows.

Experiments : 15 + 15 = 30, Viva-voce :10

Internal Assessment - 10.

Signatures : HOD : -------------------------------


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Student Members: 1----------------------------2---------------------3---------------------

PAPER – I (Code- 3034)

RELATIVITY, QUANTUM MECHANICS, ATOMIC MOLECULAR

AND NUCLEAR PHYSICS.

UNIT-I

Reference systems, inertial frames, Galilean invariance and conservation laws,propogation of

light, Michelson-Morley experiment, search for ether.Postulates for the special theory of

ralativity, Lorentz tranformations, lengthcontraction,time dilation, velocity additon theorem,

variation of mass with velocity,mass-energy equivalence, particle with zero rest mass,

Compton effect.

UNIT-II

Origin of the quantum theory : Failure of classical physics to explain the phenomena such as

black-body spectrum, photoelectric effect. Wave-particle duality and uncertainty principle : de

Broglie's hypothesis for matter waves : the concept of wave and group velocities, evidence for

diffraction &interference of particles, experimental demonstration of mater waves. Davisson

and Germer's experiment.Consequence of de Broglie's concepts, quantisation in hydrogen

atom, energies of a particle in a box, wave packets. Consequence of the uncertainty relation :

gamma ray microscope, diffraction at a slit.

UNIT-III

Quantum Mechanics : Schrodinger's equation. Postulatory basis of quantum mechanics,

operators, expectation values, transition probabilities, applications to particle in a oneand

three dimensional boxes, harmonic oscillator in one dimension, reflection at a steppotential,

transmission across a potential barrier.Hydrogen atom : natural occurrence of n,l and m

quatum numbers, the related physical quantities.

UNIT-IV

Spectra of hydrogen, deuteron and alkali atoms spectral terms, doublet fine structure,

screening constants for alkali spectra for s,p, d and f states, selection rules. Discrete set of

elctronic energies of moleculers, quantisation of vibrational and rotational energies,

determination of internuclear distance, pure rotatinal and rotation vibration spectra.

Dissociation limit for the ground and other electronic states, transition rules for pure vibration

and electronic vibration spectra. Raman effect, Stokes and anti-Stokes lines, complimentary

character of Raman and infrared spectra, experimental arrangements for Raman spectroscopy.

Signatures : HOD : -------------------------------


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UNIT-V

Interaction of charged particles and neutrons with mater, working of nuclear detectors, G-M

counter, proportional counter and scintillation counter, cloud chambers, spark chamber,

emulsions. Structure of nuclei, basic properties (r1, μ Q and binding energy), deuteron binding

energy, p-p and n-p scattering and general concepts of nuclear forces, Beta decay, range of

alpha particle Geiger-Nuttal law. Gamow's explanation of beta decay, alpha decay and

continuous and discrete spectra. Nuclear reactions, channels, compound nucleus, direct

reaction (concepts). Shell model & liquid drop model, fission and fusion (concepts), energy

production in stars by p-p and carbon cycles (concepts).

TEXT AND REFERENCE BOOKS :

1. H.S. Mani and G.K. Metha : "Introduction to Modern Physics"'' (Affiliated East-West

Press,1989)

2. A Beiser, "Prospective of Modern Physics"

3. H.E. White, Introduction to Atomic Physic"

4. Barrow, "Introduction to Molecular Physics!"

5. R.P. Feynman, R.B. Leighton and M Sands, "The Feynman Lectures on Physics", Vol.III

(B.I. Publications, Bombay, Delhi, Calcutta, Madras).

6. T.A. Littlefield and N Thorley, "Atomic and Nuclear Physics" (Engineering Language

Book Society)

7. H.A. Enge, "Introduction to Nuclear Physics", (Addision-Wesly)

8. Eisenberg and Resnik, "Quantum Physics of Atoms, Molecules, Solids, Nuclei and

Particles" (John Wiley)

9. D.P. Khandelwal, "Optics and Atomic Physics", (Himalaya Publishing House, Bombay,

1988). Signatures :


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PAPER-II (Code-3035)

SOLID STATE PHYSICS, SOLID STATE DEVICES AND ELECTRONICS

UNIT-I

Amorphous and crystalline solids, Elements of symmetry, seven crystal system, Cubic

lattices, Crystal planes, Miller indices, Laue's equation for X-ray diffraction, Bragg's Law.

Bonding in solids, classification. Cohesive energy of solid. Madelung constant, evaluation of

Parameters. Specific heat of solids, classical theory (Dulong-Petit's law). Einstein and Debye

theories. Vibrational modes of one dimensional monoatomic lattice, Dispersion relation,

Brillouin Zone.

UNIT-II

Free electron model of a metal, Solution of one dimensional Schrodiner equation in a constant

potential. Density of states. Fermi Energy, Energy bands in a solid (Kronig- Penny model

without mathematical details). Metals, Insulator and Semiconductors. Hall effect. Dia, Para

and Ferromagnetism. Langevin's theory of dia and para-magnetism. Curie- Weiss's Law.

Qualitative description of Ferromagnetism (Magnetic domains), B-H. curve and Hysteresis

loss.

UNIT-III

Intrinsic semiconductors, carrier concentration in thermal equlibrium, Fermi level, Impurity

semiconductor, doner and acceptor levels, Diode equation, junctions, junction breakdown,

Depletion width and junction capacitance, abrupt junction, Tunnel diode, Zener diode. Light

emmitting diode, solar cell, Bipolar transistors, pnp and npn transistors, characteristics of

transistors, different configurations, current amplificationfactor, FET.

UNIT-IV

Half and full wave rectifier, rectifier efficiency ripple factor, Bridge rectifier, Filters, Inductor

filter, T and N filters, Zener diode, regulated power supply. Applications of transistors.

Bipolar Transistor as amplifier. Single stage and CE small signal amplifiers, Emitter

followers, Transistoras power amplifier, Transistor as oscillator, Wein-Bridge Oscillator and

Hartley oscillator.

Signatures :

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UNIT-V

Introduction to computer organisation, time sharing and multi programming systems, window

based word processing packages, MS Word. Introduction to C programming and application

to simple problems of arranging numbers in ascending / descending orders : sorting a given

data in an array, solutionof simultaneous euation.

BOOKS RECOMMENDED :

1. Introduction to solid state physics : C.Kittel

2. Solid State Physics : A.J. Dekkar

3. Electronic Circuits : Mottershead

4. Electronic Circuits : Millman and Halkias

5. Semiconductor Devices : S.M. Sze

6. Computer fundamental : balaguara Swami

Signatures :

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B.Sc.-III (Code-3036)

PRACTICALS

MINIMUM 16 (Sixteen) Out of the following or similar experiment of equal standard :

1. Determination of Planck's constant

2. Determination of e/m by using Thomson's tube

3. Determination of e by Millikan's method

4. Study of spectra of hydrogen and deuterium (Rydberg constant and ratio of masses of

electron proton)

5. Absorption spectrum of iodine vapour

6. Study of alkali or alkaline earth spectra using a concave gra's

7. Study of Zeeman effect for determination of Lande g-factor.

8. Analysis of a given band spectrum.

9. Study of Raman spectrum using laser as an excitation source.

10. Study of absorption of alpha and beta rays.

11. Study of statistics in radioactive measurement.

12. Coniometric study of crystal faces.

13. Determination of dielectric constant

14. Hysteresis curve of transformer core

15. Hall-probe method for measuement of magnetic field

16. Specific resistance and energy gap of a semiconductor

17. Characteristics of transistor

18. Characteristics of a tunnel diode

19. Study of voltage regulation system

20. Study of a regulated power supply

21. Study of lissajous figures using a CRO

22. Study of VTVM

23. Study of RC and TC coupled amplifiers

24. Study of AF and RF oscillators

25. Find roots of f(x)=0 by using Newton-Raphson method

26. Find roots of F(x)=0 by using secant method

27. Integration by Simpson rule

28. To find the value of V at

31. String manipulations

32. Towers of Honoi (Nonrecursive)

33. Finding first four perfect numbers

34. Quadratic interpolation using Newton's forward-difference formula of degree two. Signatures : HOD : -------------------------------


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TEXT AND REFERENCE BOOKS :

1. B.G. Strechman ; "Solid State Electronic Devices". II Edition (Prentice-Hall of India, New

Delhi, 1986)

2. W.D. Stanley ; "Electronic Devices, Circuits and Applications" (Prentice Hall, New Jersey,

USA, 1988)

3. S. Lipschutsz and A Poe ; "Schaum's Outline of Theory and Problems of Programming

with Fortran" (McGraw-Hill Book Co. Singapore, 1986)

4. C Dixon ; "Numerical Analysis"

Signatures :

HOD : -------------------------------


6--------------7----------------8------------------9--------------------

Student Members: 1----------------------------2---------------------3---------------------

syllabus and marking scheme b.sc. (part-i/ii/iii) 2019-2020 · two questions will be set from each...

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