switching basics and intermediate routing

Case Study

Switching Basics and Intermediate Routing

CCNA 3

Executive Summary

This documentation has been finalised after a lot of research and discussions by the entire

Network Consultant Group. All the information required to install configure and test the network

your company XYZ has asked for. The documentation is broken up into 6 phases.

Phase 1, documents the VLSM design for all the subnets needed for the company’s groups and

interfaces needed for the connection between routers. This phase includes all the tables that have

all the details needed to implement the IP addresses for the interfaces for the routers, server, and

hosts. This phase also have the logical network diagram that shows all the IP addresses allocated

to all the router interfaces and subnets.

Phase 2, discusses about the possible routing protocols to be used in the network. The various

routing protocol are compared in this phase so that a decision can be made on which routing

protocol to use.

Phase 3, explores the OSPF routing protocol implementation and how it will be applied to the

routers on the network.

Phase 4, documents the VLAN design for the company. It also includes the detailed table to

implement the VLAN design.

Phase 5, this phase list equipment and materials needed to implement the network design. All the

information need to actually install the physical network list given here.

Phase 6, list the test phase showing what tests need to be preformed to make certain that the

network is running as intended will all links and devices working as they were intended.

Phase 1: IP Addressing and Design Implementation

IP Addresses

Based on the specification given by the company, the following table has been made with the IP

addressing scheme for the network design. VLSM has been used to maximise the use of IP

address.

VLSM design

No. of host required

Network address Subnet mask Max number of host

possible

In Use (yes/no) Network Name

18 223.0.0.0/27 30 yes Sales

5 223.0.0.32/27 30 yes Servers

36 223.0.0.64/26 62 yes Research

14 223.0.0.128/28 14 yes Admin

10 223.0.0.144/28 14 yes Branch

4 200.0.0.160/29 6 yes AdminVLAN

2 223.0.0.252/30 2 yes MAL

2 223.0.0.248/30 2 yes ADL

2 223.0.0.244/30 2 yes BRL

2 223.0.0.240/30 2 yes GWR

2 200.200.100.0/30 2 yes Internet

There are all 11 networks in the design, and all the network address will assume a growth of

100% on the IP addresses. The Sales and Marketing group needs 18 hosts IP addresses. A

network address of 223.0.0.0/27 has been assigned to this group which can accommodate 30

hosts.

Servers have been allocated to network 223.0.0.32/27. Research and Development group needs

36 useable IP addresses which then been allocated with network address of 223.0.0.64/26 which

has 62 useable IP address for further growth.

Administration group in turn needs 14 useable IP address and has been allocated with the

network address of 223.0.0.128/28. The Branch Office located in Melbourne needs 10 IP

addresses for the hosts. A network address of 223.0.0.144/28 has been given to this network.

For the VLAN management, the IP address of 200.0.0.160/29 has been allocated which can

accommodate 4 interfaces.

The last 5 network address is for the connection between routers, which only need 2 useable IP

address for each network. Main LAN has been allocated with 223.0.0.252/30, Administration

LAN with 223.0.0.248/30, Branch LAN with 223.0.0.244/30, Gateway Router with

223.0.0.240/30 and for the interface connecting to the internet with the network address of

200.00.100.0/30.

This diagram gives complete logical view of the network and all the addressing used. All

required networks are labelled and the router and switch information is given.

Routers

MAL router

There are 5 routers total in this design. MAL router will be placed in the main building. Serial

0/0 is the connection between the MAL and the GWR router. Serial 0/1 is the connection to the

branch office in Melbourne. The Fast Ethernet interface is sub divided into 4 so that it can

accommodate 4 VLANs, VLAN 1 for the administration of the VLANs, VLAN 10 for the

Research and Development group, VLAN 20 is for Sales and Marketing group and VLAN 30 is

for the servers. Details of MAL router is displayed in the table below:

Location: Main Building

Router Name: MAL

ADL router

ADL router is going to be located in the administration building. There are only two interfaces in

this router which is Serial 0/0 is the connection to the GWR router and the FastEthernet0/0

interface which is connected to the Admin LAN. Lo0 interface is the loop back address for OSPF

routing ID. The details for the configuration of ADL router is stated in the table below:

Location: Administration Building

Router Name: ADL Interface Description DCE/DTE Speed

or clock rate

Network name

Network number

Interface IP address

Subnet

Serial 0/0 To gateway router DTE 64000 ADL 223.0.0.248 223.0.0.250 /30

FastEternet 0/0 AdminLAN DTE 100M Admin LAN 223.0.0.128 223.0.0.128 /28

Lo0 OSPF ID 10.0.0.1 /32

Interface Description DCE/DTE Speed or clock

rate

Network name

Network number


Subnet

serial 0/0 MAL to GWR DCE 64000 MAL 200.0.0.252 223.0.0.253 /30

serial 0/1 MAL to BRL DCE 64000 BRL 200.0.0.244 223.0.0.246 /30

FastEthernet 0/0.1 VLAN admin 100M Vlan1Admin 223.0.0.160 223.0.0.162 /29

FastEthernet 0/0.10 To VLAN10 100M Research 223.0.0.64 223.0.0.65 /26

FastEthernet 0/0.20 To VLAN20 100M Sales 223.0.0.0 223.0.0.1 /27

FastEthernet 0/0.30 To VLAN 30 100M Server 223.0.0.32 223.0.0.33 /27

BRL router

BRL router will be placed at the Sales Branch Office located in Melbourne. This router has 2

interfaces. The serial0/0 interface is for the connection to the MAL router at the Main Building.

The Fastethernet0/0 is for the Sales Branch LAN. The details are listed in the table below:

Location: Sales Branch Office in Melbourne

Router Name: BRL Interface Description DCE/DTE Speed

or clock rate

Network name

Network number


Subnet

Serial 0/0 to MAL DTE 64000 BRL 223.0.0.244 223.0.0.245 /30

FastEthernet0/0

Sales branch LAN DTE 100M BranchLan 223.0.0.144 223.0.0.145 /28

GWR router

This router is located in the Administration Building. The router has 3 serial interfaces, which is

serial0/0 for the connection to the internet router, serial 0/1 is for the connection to ADL router,

and serial0/2 is for the connection to MAL router.

Location: Administration Building

Router Name: GWR Interface Description DCE/DTE Speed

or clock rate

Network name

Network number


Subnet

serial 0/0 Internet facing DCE 64000 GWR 200.200.100.2 /30

serial 0/1 Admin LAN DCE 64000 ADL 223.0.0.249 /30

serial 0/2 Main LAN 64000 MAL 223.0.0.254 /30

Lo0 OSPF ID 10.0.0.10 /32

Switches

Switch SW1

VLAN is implemented in this network design. There are 3 main switches that accommodate this

VLAN configuration. The first switch which is SW1 is located on the first floor of the main

building. SW1 is configured so that 5 servers can be set up on the first floor, but for the time

being only 1 http server is available, the other 4 ports is reserved for future servers. Ports 6 to 13

are configured for the Research and Development hosts which is in VLAN 20. The Sales and

Marketing hosts is configured to use ports 14 to 19 which are in VLAN 30. Port 22 is the link to

SW3, port 23 in turn is the link to SW2 and port 24 is linked to the router. All the details on the

switch configuration are specified in the table below:

Location: First floor of the Main building

Switch Name: SW1 Interface Description Speed Duplex Network

name Network number

Subnet Mask

VLAN Switchport type

Encapsulation

1 Server HTTP 100M full server 223.0.0.32 /27 10 Access





6 Research host 100M full Research 223.0.0.64 /26 20 Access








14 Sales host 100M full Sales 223.0.0.0 /27 30 Access






20 Unused

21 Unused

22 Link to Sw3 100M full 1 1 Trunk Dot1q


24 Link to router 100M full 1 1 Trunk Dot1q

Switch SW2

This switch is located on the second floor of the main building which will be configured to accommodate

VLAN 20, 30 and VLAN 1 for VLAN management. Research and Development group will be allocated

on ports 1 to 13. Sales and Marketing group will use ports 14 to 21. VLAN 1 will use the last to ports

which is 23 and 24. Port 23 is the interface connecting to SW1 and port 24 will be the one connected to

SW3. The full configuration of the switch is specified in the table below:

Location: Second floor of the Main Building


name Network number

Subnet Mask


Encapsulation






















22 Unused

23 Link to Sw1 100M full 1 Trunk Dot1q

24 Link to Sw3 100M full 1 Trunk Dot1q

Switch SW3

This is the third switch in the main building that is located on the third floor. This switch will

accommodate the Research and Development group, the Sales and Marketing group and VLAN

management link. Ports 1 to 16 will be used for Research and Development group. Ports 17 to 20 are for

Sales and Marketing group and the last 2 ports is for the management VLAN. Port 23 is the link to SW2

and port 24 is the link for SW1. Details on the configuration are specified in the table below:

Location: Third floor of the Main Building


name Network number

Subnet

Mask


Encapsulation





















21 Unused

22 Unused



IP Address Allocation

Sales and Marketing group

In the table shows the IP address allocated for the Sales and Marketing group. The group needs 9

IP addresses for the hosts. There are several more IP addresses available for this subnet for future

upgrades.

LAN

name PC or server name

IP address

Subnet gateway service provider

Sales Sales001 223.0.0.2 /27 223.0.0.1 Host

Sales002 223.0.0.3 /27 223.0.0.1 Host

Sales003 223.0.0.4 /27 223.0.0.1 Host

Sales004 223.0.0.5 /27 223.0.0.1 Host

Sales005 223.0.0.6 /27 223.0.0.1 Host

Sales006 223.0.0.7 /27 223.0.0.1 Host

Sales007 223.0.0.8 /27 223.0.0.1 Host

Sales008 223.0.0.9 /27 223.0.0.1 Host

Sales009 223.0.0.10 /27 223.0.0.1 Host

Sales010 223.0.0.11 /27 223.0.0.1 Host

Sales011 223.0.0.12 /27 223.0.0.1 Host

Sales012 223.0.0.13 /27 223.0.0.1 Host

Sales013 223.0.0.14 /27 223.0.0.1 Host

Sales014 223.0.0.15 /27 223.0.0.1 Host

Sales015 223.0.0.16 /27 223.0.0.1 Host

Sales016 223.0.0.17 /27 223.0.0.1 Host

Sales017 223.0.0.18 /27 223.0.0.1 Host

Sales018 223.0.0.19 /27 223.0.0.1 Host

Servers

The table below shows the IP addresses allocated for the servers. Currently there is only 1 server

on the subnet which is the HTTP server. The other 4 IP addresses are reserved for future servers.

LAN name

PC or server name

IP address Subnet gateway

service provider

Servers Server001 223.0.0.34 /27 223.0.0.33 Server HTTP

Server002 223.0.0.35 /27 223.0.0.33 unused

Server003 223.0.0.36 /27 223.0.0.33 unused

Server004 223.0.0.37 /27 223.0.0.33 unused

Server005 223.0.0.38 /27 223.0.0.33 unused

Research and Development group

The table below shows the Research and Development IP addresses. Currently the department

only needs 18 IP addresses for their hosts. There are more IP addresses for this subnet for a

100% future enhancement.

LAN name

PC or server name IP address Subnet gateway

service provider

Research R&D001 223.0.0.66 /26 223.0.0.65 Host

R&D002 223.0.0.67 /26 223.0.0.65 Host

R&D003 223.0.0.68 /26 223.0.0.65 Host

R&D004 223.0.0.69 /26 223.0.0.65 Host

R&D005 223.0.0.70 /26 223.0.0.65 Host

R&D006 223.0.0.71 /26 223.0.0.65 Host

R&D007 223.0.0.72 /26 223.0.0.65 Host

R&D008 223.0.0.73 /26 223.0.0.65 Host

R&D009 223.0.0.74 /26 223.0.0.65 Host

R&D010 223.0.0.75 /26 223.0.0.65 Host

R&D011 223.0.0.76 /26 223.0.0.65 Host

R&D012 223.0.0.77 /26 223.0.0.65 Host

R&D013 223.0.0.78 /26 223.0.0.65 Host

R&D014 223.0.0.79 /26 223.0.0.65 Host

R&D015 223.0.0.80 /26 223.0.0.65 Host

R&D016 223.0.0.81 /26 223.0.0.65 Host

R&D017 223.0.0.82 /26 223.0.0.65 Host

R&D018 223.0.0.83 /26 223.0.0.65 Host

R&D019 223.0.0.84 /26 223.0.0.65 Host

R&D020 223.0.0.85 /26 223.0.0.65 Host

R&D021 223.0.0.86 /26 223.0.0.65 Host

R&D022 223.0.0.87 /26 223.0.0.65 Host

R&D023 223.0.0.88 /26 223.0.0.65 Host

R&D024 223.0.0.89 /26 223.0.0.65 Host

R&D025 223.0.0.90 /26 223.0.0.65 Host

R&D026 223.0.0.91 /26 223.0.0.65 Host

R&D027 223.0.0.92 /26 223.0.0.65 Host

R&D028 223.0.0.93 /26 223.0.0.65 Host

R&D029 223.0.0.94 /26 223.0.0.65 Host

R&D030 223.0.0.95 /26 223.0.0.65 Host

R&D031 223.0.0.96 /26 223.0.0.65 Host

R&D032 223.0.0.97 /26 223.0.0.65 Host

R&D033 223.0.0.98 /26 223.0.0.65 Host

R&D034 223.0.0.99 /26 223.0.0.65 Host

R&D035 223.0.0.100 /26 223.0.0.65 Host

R&D036 223.0.0.101 /26 223.0.0.65 Host

Administration group

Below shows the IP addresses for the Administration group. Only 7 IP addresses are needed for

this group at the moment. There are several more IP addresses for this subnet for further

upgrades.

LAN name


service provider

Admin Admin001 223.0.0.130 /28 223.0.0.129 Host

Admin002 223.0.0.131 /28 223.0.0.129 Host

Admin003 223.0.0.132 /28 223.0.0.129 Host

Admin004 223.0.0.133 /28 223.0.0.129 Host

Admin005 223.0.0.134 /28 223.0.0.129 Host

Admin006 223.0.0.135 /28 223.0.0.129 Host

Admin007 223.0.0.136 /28 223.0.0.129 Host

Admin008 223.0.0.137 /28 223.0.0.129 Host

Admin009 223.0.0.138 /28 223.0.0.129 Host

Admin010 223.0.0.139 /28 223.0.0.129 Host

Admin011 223.0.0.140 /28 223.0.0.129 Host

Admin012 223.0.0.141 /28 223.0.0.129 Host

Admin013 223.0.0.142 /28 223.0.0.129 Host

Admin014 223.0.0.143 /28 223.0.0.129 Host

Sales Branch group

The table below shows the IP addresses for the Sales Branch group that is situated in Melbourne.

Currently only 5 IP addresses is needed for the hosts. 100% growth is possible for the future

because there are several more IP addresses available for this sub network.

LAN name


service provider

Branch Branch001 223.0.0.146 /28 223.0.0.145 host

Branch002 223.0.0.147 /28 223.0.0.145 host

Branch003 223.0.0.148 /28 223.0.0.145 host

Branch004 223.0.0.149 /28 223.0.0.145 host

Branch005 223.0.0.150 /28 223.0.0.145 host

Branch006 223.0.0.151 /28 223.0.0.145 host

Branch007 223.0.0.152 /28 223.0.0.145 host

Branch008 223.0.0.153 /28 223.0.0.145 host

Branch009 223.0.0.154 /28 223.0.0.145 host

Branch010 223.0.0.155 /28 223.0.0.145 host

Phase 2: Routing Protocols

Routing Protocol

Supports VLSM

Scalable Uses multicast updates

Has complete network view

Easy to configure

Proprietary

RIP V1 N N N N Y N

RIP V2 Y N Y N Y N

IGRP N Y Y N Y Y

EIGRP Y Y Y N Y Y

OSPF Y Y Y Y N N

All possible routing protocols were put into and matrix and certain desirable properties were

evaluated against each protocol. From this matrix it was ascertained that OSPF would be the

optimal protocol for XYZ company’s needs. OSPF has the right attributes such and VLSM

support, it is very scalable for future expansions and it uses the least amount of network

bandwidth to keep all routers up to date. OSPF does need a more skilled network administrator

to setup properly and the network must follow a very structured design. This was not seen as a

problem since the network has been designed following a very structured design and the OSPF

protocol will be setup and maintained by experienced administrators.

OSPF was chosen as the routing protocol to be used within this network.

Phase 3: OSPF

ADL router in the administration building was chosen as the DR router for the OSPF protocol as

it has the least workload of the 2 routers. GWR servers all packets flowing in form the internet

and out to the internet so there is a much higher workload placed on this router. GWR as the DR

would be a bad chosen given its much higher workload. ADL is the DR router in the

administration building.

There is no DR BDR election between routers in the remote branch building and the main build

because this is a point to point link and no DR BDR election will take place.

All the information needed to setup these routers has been added to the appropriate tables.

Loopback interfaces have been added to all routers that need them to set DR priorities.

Phase 4: VLAN Design and Implementation VLANs In the table below shows the switch details about VLAN configuration. Cisco Catalyst 3560-

24TS switches’ are recommended to implement the VLAN in the main building. Sw1 will be

configured to be in server VTP mode and also the Root STP.

Switch Name

Model # of ports

Location IP address Gateway Management Vlan

VTP mode

VTP domain

STP root

Sw1 3560-24TS 24

Main office floor 1 223.0.0.161 223.0.0.160 1 Server XYZ Yes

Sw2 3560-24TS 24

Main office Floor 2 223.0.0.162 223.0.0.160 1 Client XYZ No

Sw3 3560-24TS 24

Main office Floor 3 223.0.0.163 223.0.0.160 1 Client XYZ No

Sw1 has been elected as the STP root bridge. The reason for this is that, it is directly connected

to the MAL router and it has a trunk connection to Sw3. By doing so, logic loops in the network

can be eliminated. Spanning-tree configuration needs to have a central point that controls how

the protocols operate. Sw1 is the central point for this network. Sw1 was also picked to be the

VTP server so that any updates to the VLAN could be made on one switch and passed down to

all other switches.

Phase 5: Physical Layer Design

For the first floor physical layout in the main building, we are going to use a Cisco 2811 router, a

Cisco Catalyst 3560-24TS switch and a patch panel to for the Horizontal Cross Connect. The

Cisco 2811 router is specially made for medium size business and enterprise branch office. It

provides the company with the performance, reliability and availability needed for the critical

business application environment. The Cisco Catalyst 3560-24TS switch is made for this kind of

business, for a small size LAN access.

Main Building Floor 1 IDF/MDF/POP Equipment Type

Model No Qty No./Type Ports

Description Cost

Router Cisco 2811 1 2serial 1FE 2,320.95

Switch Cisco Catalyst 3560-24TS 1 24 FE 1,900.00

Patch Panel and Cat 5 cable 1 24 port 200.00

Main Building Floor 2 IDF Equipment Type


Description Cost


Patch Panel 1 24 port 200.00

Main Building Floor 3 IDF Equipment Type


Description Cost


Patch Panel 1 24 port 200.00

These tables give a break down of the cost for equipment and materials on floor by floor basics.

Vertical cable runs between MDF and IDF devices such as the routers and switches should be

kept to a maximum length of 30m horizontal cable runs between switch and hosts should be kept

to a maximum of 15m to the wall plate and 5m from the wall plate to the host computer. Straight

thought cables will be used between the switch patch panel and the host computer. Crossover

cable runs will be used between the different switch’s on the trunk links and between the router

and the Sw1 switch.

This diagram shows the cable runs required at each level of the building and all the required

information needed to wire up the building for the network.

Phase 6: Testing Network

Routing VLAN testing

To test the routing between VLANs within the main building the following tests should be

preformed. Ping and telnet form 1 host on VLAN 20 to a host on VLAN 10 and 30. Telnet is the

most complete test and if successful will show that all 7 layers of the OSI are working. This test

should be repeated between a host on each VLAN 10, 20 and 30 and the connected VLANs. This

test will test if router can occur between VLANs.

This will also test the trunk links if host on different levels are picked. This is quite a complete

test of the network and if all the links are working.

From VLAN/SW

To VLAN/SW

Protocol Hosts pass/fail

Host and http services

To test this, the HTTP server random host form the different VLANs will connect to port 80 of

the HTTP server and see if a connection can be made. The HTTP server services people on port

80 and there for people should be able to have access to this port.

From Host To Host pass/fail

Trunk link test

On each VLAN host should be able to communicate with each other so this should also be tested.

Pick 1 host on each VLAN and then telnet into a different host on the same VLAN but on a

different level of the building. This will test to see if the trunks are working as intended

From host

To Host Trunk Up/Down

Route pass/fail

switching basics and intermediate routing

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