swine management
DESCRIPTION
Swine Management. Characteristics of swine. Pigs are Homeotherms Maintain a constant body temperature Pigs are Monogastrics Pigs have very few sweat glands. Housing. Types of houses Outside pen A- frame houses Open front buildings Environmentally regulated buildings. Housing. Housing. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
Swine Swine ManagementManagement
Characteristics of swineCharacteristics of swine Pigs are HomeothermsPigs are Homeotherms
Maintain a constant body temperatureMaintain a constant body temperature Pigs are MonogastricsPigs are Monogastrics Pigs have very few sweat glandsPigs have very few sweat glands
HousingHousing Types of housesTypes of houses
Outside penOutside pen A- frame housesA- frame houses Open front buildingsOpen front buildings Environmentally regulated buildingsEnvironmentally regulated buildings
HousingHousing
HousingHousing
ReproductionReproduction NaturalNatural AIAI Heat period averages 2 days and occurs Heat period averages 2 days and occurs
every 20-21 daysevery 20-21 days Can synchronize gilts by putting them Can synchronize gilts by putting them
together and in a pen next to a boartogether and in a pen next to a boar Lock up when in heat (Lordosis)Lock up when in heat (Lordosis)
ReproductionReproduction
ReproductionReproduction Boar penis is corkscrewedBoar penis is corkscrewed AI rod has to be corkscrewed as wellAI rod has to be corkscrewed as well
Boar semen cannot be frozenBoar semen cannot be frozen Shipped fresh overnightShipped fresh overnight
2 doses of semen are administered 2 doses of semen are administered 24 hours after 124 hours after 1stst incidence of standing heat incidence of standing heat 12 hours later12 hours later
Done because pigs are superovulatersDone because pigs are superovulaters
FarrowingFarrowing Farrowing – the act of parturitionFarrowing – the act of parturition Gestation period- 114 days (3X3X3)Gestation period- 114 days (3X3X3) Put into farrowing crates few days before Put into farrowing crates few days before
expected parturitionexpected parturition Sow’s can have any number of babiesSow’s can have any number of babies Wean at 21 daysWean at 21 days Pigs are very susceptible to diseasePigs are very susceptible to disease
Many farms are total confinmentMany farms are total confinment
Farrowing CratesFarrowing Crates Used to protect the baby pigs from being Used to protect the baby pigs from being
crushed by the sowcrushed by the sow Sow is confined in the middle so that she can’t Sow is confined in the middle so that she can’t
turn aroundturn around Equipped with feeder and watering deviceEquipped with feeder and watering device Space on both sides of the sow for babies Space on both sides of the sow for babies Use a heat lamp to keep babies warmUse a heat lamp to keep babies warm
Farrowing CratesFarrowing Crates
Navel Cord CareNavel Cord Care After birth excess navel cord is removedAfter birth excess navel cord is removed
Leave about 1 inch Leave about 1 inch Treat navel cord with iodineTreat navel cord with iodine Why?Why?
Prevent infectionPrevent infection
Navel Cord CareNavel Cord Care
Clipping needle teethClipping needle teeth Born with only eight teethBorn with only eight teeth
Fairly long and sharpFairly long and sharp Can irritate the sow while nursingCan irritate the sow while nursing Can remove these teeth to make more Can remove these teeth to make more
comfortable for the sowcomfortable for the sow We don’t clip We don’t clip
Clipping needle teethClipping needle teeth
Tail DockingTail Docking Pigs are normally in a confined spacePigs are normally in a confined space
Chew on others tailChew on others tail Done out of boredomDone out of boredom
To prevent tail biting and the possibility of To prevent tail biting and the possibility of infection, tails are dockedinfection, tails are docked
Dock were tail can barely touch the pigs Dock were tail can barely touch the pigs backback
Tail DockingTail Docking
InjectionsInjections 3 types of injections3 types of injections
SubcutaneousSubcutaneous IntramuscularIntramuscular IntravenousIntravenous
Two sites to give an injectionTwo sites to give an injection NeckNeck HamHam
InjectionsInjections
InjectionsInjections
InjectionsInjections
InjectionsInjections Iron is administered about 24 hours after Iron is administered about 24 hours after
birthbirth 1 cc of iron1 cc of iron Since pigs are in a create and don’t have Since pigs are in a create and don’t have
access to soil, iron- deficiency anemia can access to soil, iron- deficiency anemia can occuroccur
Some people give a small dose of Some people give a small dose of antibioticantibiotic
Give the sow penicillin Give the sow penicillin
Ear NotchingEar Notching Most used identification method for baby Most used identification method for baby
pigspigs Removing a portion of the earRemoving a portion of the ear The notches grow as the pig growsThe notches grow as the pig grows
Permanent identificationPermanent identification Litter # and Pig #Litter # and Pig #
Litter # - the pigs right earLitter # - the pigs right ear Pig # - the pigs left eatPig # - the pigs left eat
Ear NotchingEar Notching Litter #Litter #
Number of litter for the whole farmNumber of litter for the whole farm Not for individual sowNot for individual sow
Pig # Pig # Individual number for the baby pigIndividual number for the baby pig Has nothing to do with the rest of the farmHas nothing to do with the rest of the farm
Ear NotchingEar Notching
Ear NotchingEar Notching
Ear NotchingEar Notching
CastrationCastration Removal of the testiclesRemoval of the testicles Pigs are castrated if meant for slaughterPigs are castrated if meant for slaughter
Meat from boars may have an odor when Meat from boars may have an odor when cookingcooking
Takes testosterone out of the system, which Takes testosterone out of the system, which makes meat toughmakes meat tough
CastrationCastration Best time for castration is between 1 and 14 Best time for castration is between 1 and 14
days days Pigs are easier to restrainPigs are easier to restrain Bleed less from the surgeryBleed less from the surgery
One person holds the pig by the back legs and One person holds the pig by the back legs and the other person does the castratingthe other person does the castrating Make small incisionsMake small incisions Make sure to use some type of antiseptic sprayMake sure to use some type of antiseptic spray
CastrationCastration
CastrationCastration
CastrationCastration
CastrationCastration
ParasitesParasites CoccidiaCoccidia
Affects nursing pigs between days 5 and 15Affects nursing pigs between days 5 and 15 Develop a yellowish, very fluid diarrheaDevelop a yellowish, very fluid diarrhea
Infected pigs do not respond well to Infected pigs do not respond well to antibiotic treatmentantibiotic treatment
Mortality rates will be moderate to highMortality rates will be moderate to high
ParasitesParasites WormsWorms
RoundwormsRoundworms Nodular wormsNodular worms WhipwormsWhipworms ThreadwormsThreadworms Stomach wormsStomach worms LungwormsLungworms Kidney wormsKidney worms
Doesn’t occur much in baby pigsDoesn’t occur much in baby pigs
Weaning Weaning Baby pigs are weaned at 21 daysBaby pigs are weaned at 21 days Put in a nursery for a few weeksPut in a nursery for a few weeks
Until pigs are 40 – 45 lbsUntil pigs are 40 – 45 lbs Moved to other pens for growing and Moved to other pens for growing and
finishingfinishing