swedish international development agency
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A pplying C LEANER PRODUCTION to M ULTILATERAL E NVIRONMENTAL AGREEMENTS. ACME. CP and MEA policy integration. S ESSION 11. United Nations Environment Program Division of Technology Industry and Economy. Swedish International Development Agency. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
Swedish International Development Agency
SESSION 11
United Nations Environment ProgramDivision of Technology Industry and Economy
CP and MEA policy integration
ACME Applying CLEANER PRODUCTION to MULTILATERAL ENVIRONMENTAL AGREEMENTS
1/ Background information> What does “policy making” refers to?
2/ Cleaner Production> Links between CP and MEA policies?
3/ UNFCCC> National policies?
4/ Basel Convention> National policies?
5/ Stockholm Convention> National policies?
6/ Policy development> What are the crucial elements in the policydevelopment cycle?
OUTLINEObjectives of this session
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“Policy making” refers to:
> a long-term, interactive, iterative and multi-stakeholder process, to develop a framework to implement a certain policy, and to evaluate and modify its implementation on a regular basis.
> elaborating a policy document or a policy statement – such as a national policy. This is only one part of the policy development process.
BACKGROUNDDefining “Policy”
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Policy is not equivalent to ‘regulations’ or ‘a legal framework’.
Policy represents a pallet / toolbox of possible instruments for policy instrumentation varying from ‘stick’ to ‘carrot’.
BACKGROUND“Policy” versus “Regulation”
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Legislation Financial
Technical Communication
BACKGROUNDGeneric toolbox for policies
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BACKGROUNDRange of policy instruments
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CLEANER PRODUCTIONMEA versus CP
MEAs are ‘focused’ on one single issue. ≠ CP is integrated.
MEA starts from the command-and-control
(top-down) ≠ CP starts from the voluntary actions
(bottom-up)
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LEGISLATION> Environmental norms and regulations.> Specific CP laws.> Mandatory CP assessments.> Link with permitting.
FINANCIAL> Emission fees and non-compliance fees.> Customised tax systems.> Grants, subsidies.> Financial assistance.
TECHNICAL> Technical guidelines.> Service support centres.> Clearinghouses.
COMMUNICATION> Voluntary agreements / industry codes of practices.> Education / awareness campaigns.> Pollutant Release and Transfer Registers.> (Non-financial) award systems.
AnalysisCLEANER PRODUCTION
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UNFCCCAnalysis
LEGISLATION> Regulations> Standards
FINANCIAL> Energy and CO2 taxes> Green taxation> Energy / electricity subsidies> Subsidies renewable systems> Green certificates
TECHNICAL> Research & development> Capacity building> Assessment guidelines> Overview of BAT’s
COMMUNICATION> Voluntary agreements> Information> Education> Public awareness campaigns.
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Tax system > Price on energy and/or tax on carbon or green taxation determines behavior of target group.> Inadequate pricing (or even subsidising) energy perhaps stimulates economic growth but is contra-productive to efficiency improvement.> Innovative tax systems (on physical terms instead of labour and income).
Voluntary agreements> Covenant approach (Netherlands).> Long-term agreement.> Target setting, no strict compulsary prescription of measures.> Flexibility and transparency are crucial elements for industry to develop strategy.
UNFCCCExamples
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Overview of national strategies, both governmental (regulatory, financial as well as communicative) as well as stakeholder initiatives
http://www.unfccc.int/national_reports/items/1408.php
UNFCCCReferences / information sources
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BASEL CONVENTIONAnalysis
LEGISLATION> Preventive Rules in WM Acts> National Action Plans> Product Ordinances> (Compulsary) audit schemes
FINANCIAL> Eco-tax on products> Tailored tax for disposal> Licensed charges > R&D funds for Eco-design
TECHNICAL> Guidelines with BAT’s> Eco-design guidance> Demonstration projects> Technical support centres
COMMUNICATION> Extended Producer Responsibility > Eco-labelling
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Compulsary standards / bans> Strict rules what kind of components / raw materials can be used in production.> Bans what kind of chemicals can be disposed (e.g. not allowed for landfilling, so either expensive treatment or incineration or incentive to seek way for avoiding).
Eco-labelling / EPR> Extended Producer Responsibility (e.g. voluntary agreements) including:
- Eco-design- Take back responsibility- Eco-labelling (clear information of consistence of product and how to dispose it)
Examples BASEL CONVENTION
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Overview of national strategies, both governmental (regulatory, financial as well as communicative) as well as stakeholder initiatives
http://www.basel.int/natreporting/status.html
References / information sourcesBASEL CONVENTION
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STOCKHOLM CONVENTIONAnalysis
LEGISLATION> National Implementation Plans> National Inter-depart. Councils> Tailored (CP) Laws> Specialised POP’s Laws
FINANCIAL> Support for developing NIP’s> Support for destroying POP’s> Support for substituting POP’s
TECHNICAL> Specialised support centres> Overview BAT’s> Monitoring programmes> Establishment analytical laboratories
COMMUNICATION> Registers> Information Exchange Networks> PR Campaigns
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National Implementation Plan> Requirement under the Convention> Good examples: Philippines, Switzerland, Canada, Armenia
- Nice mix of instruments- Priority to Cleaner Production- Mix of policies and capacity building / awareness raising actions- Multi-stakeholder involvement
Information clearing houses> Stockholm Convention has developed already an online system, so seek suggestions for process changes, materials substitution, etc. per sector and/or waste stream
ExamplesSTOCKHOLM CONVENTION
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Overview of national strategies, both governmental (regulatory, financial as well as communicative) as well as stakeholder initiatives
http://www.pops.int/documents/implementation/nips/submissions/default.htm
References / information sourcesSTOCKHOLM CONVENTION
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1.Analysis of the current
situation (problems / barriers / needs)
4.Implementation
5.Evaluation
2.Set priorities
and objectives3.
Policy development, including strategy,
action plan and instruments
POLICY DEVELOPMENTTheoretic development cycle
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During the start of policy making> Stakeholder analysis (needs, motivation, interests)> Evaluation of existing system (instruments, implementation stage, acceptance, barriers / problems, effectiveness)> Building consensus and common goal> Identification priorities> Define clear and measurable objectives
When defining the policies> Selection of a mix of instruments> Design strategy and action plan for implementation> Information and education campaigns> Monitoring of the implementation> Evaluation of the policy effectiveness> Periodic policy adjustment
Specific stepsPOLICY DEVELOPMENT
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General observations> There is no one single ‘right’ way of policy development.> Policy development is a long-term, repetitive process.> Regular evaluation and modification are necessary.
Basic conditions for good policy development> Political will.> Interest of relevant stakeholders.> General awareness.> Policy continuity and stability.> Adaptation to local conditions.
ConclusionPOLICY DEVELOPMENT
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Crucial elements of policies:
> Integrative approach;
> Seek for the most optimum mix of instruments;
> Clarity on hierarchy;
> Strive for mainstreaming;
> Development via multi-stakeholder approach.
CONCLUSIONWarp up of the session
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CONCLUSIONEnd of session 11
Thank you for your attention…Any questions?
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