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SupersymmetryA PHENOMENOLOGICAL APPROACH
Kai Wang
Phenomenology Institute
Department of Physics
University of Wisconsin{Madison
Zhejiang Institute of Modern Physics
Zhejiang University
May, 2006
Outline
Theory
1 Beyond Standard Model Physics: theory
2 SUSY, MSSM: model building challenges
3 SUSY Breaking (I)/(II)
Phenomenology
1 Why we believe in SM: SM@Colliders
2 SUSY Search at Colliders: LEPII, Tevatron and LHC
3 Tools: Monte Carlo Tools for BSM physics
Kai Wang ( PHENO,UW-Madison) SUSY: A Phenomenological Approach ZIMP,05,2006 2 / 23
Acknowledgement
Tao Han, University of Wisconsin-Madison
Kaladi Babu, Oklahoma State University
Vernon Barger, University of Wisconsin-Madison
Mingxing Luo, Zhejiang University
Ilia Gogoladze, University of Delaware
Hitoshi Murayama, University of California-Berkeley
Liantao Wang, Harvard University
Some Useful References on Collider Phenomenology
1 V. D. Barger and R. J. N. Phillips, \Collider Physics,"
2 R. K. Ellis, W. J. Stirling and B. R. Webber, \QCD and colliderphysics,"
3 E. Eichten, I. Hinchli�e, K. D. Lane and C. Quigg, \Super ColliderPhysics," Rev. Mod. Phys. 56, 579 (1984) [Addendum-ibid. 58, 1065(1986)].
4 T. Han, \Collider phenomenology: Basic knowledge and techniques,"arXiv:hep-ph/0508097.
5 H Pekins, \Introduction to High Energy Physics"
6 H. Baer and X. \Tata, Weak Scale Supersymmetry"
and ......ASK LUO SIR IF YOU WANA BORROW THEM. :)
Some Useful References on Supersymmetry
1 S. P. Martin, \A supersymmetry primer," arXiv:hep-ph/9709356
2 D. Bailin and A. Love, \Supersymmetric gauge �eld theory and stringtheory,"
3 R. N. Mohapatra, \Uni�cation And Supersymmetry. The Frontiers OfQuark - Lepton Physics,"
4 J. Wess and J. Bagger, \Supersymmetry and supergravity,"
5 P. C. West, \Introduction To Supersymmetry And Supergravity,"
6 H. E. Haber and G. L. Kane, \The Search For Supersymmetry:Probing Physics Beyond The Standard Model," Phys. Rept. 117, 75(1985).
7 H. P. Nilles, \Supersymmetry, Supergravity And Particle Physics,"Phys. Rept. 110, 1 (1984).
and ......
Kai Wang ( PHENO,UW-Madison) SUSY: A Phenomenological Approach ZIMP,05,2006 6 / 23
LHC Timeline
Spring/Summer 2007: Single Beam operation
Fall 2007: Collisions
2007-2010: Operation in "low luminosity mode"
2010: Full luminosity
LHC Progress Dashboard
http://lhc-new-homepage.web.cern.ch/lhc-new-homepage/DashBoard/index.asp
Kai Wang ( PHENO,UW-Madison) SUSY: A Phenomenological Approach ZIMP,05,2006 7 / 23
LHC Physics
Supersymmetry has a very rich phenomenology. Hence, a fullunderstanding of how to discover SUSY at LHC will give you someidea on how we can do with other new physics.
Supersymmetry is a well-motivated theory. Probably the mostpromising candidate for physics beyond standard model.
Kai Wang ( PHENO,UW-Madison) SUSY: A Phenomenological Approach ZIMP,05,2006 8 / 23
Beyond the Standard Model Physics
Kai Wang ( PHENO,UW-Madison) SUSY: A Phenomenological Approach ZIMP,05,2006 9 / 23
Beyond SM SU(3)C � SU(2)L�U(1)Y ! SU(3)C �U(1)e
what to study
whether to extend the gauge sector (enlarged gauge group and newphysics scale)
new signatures (colliders and other experiments)
Hints to New Physics
Neutrino Masses
Gauge Uni�cation
Electric Charge (U(1)Y normalization)
Global Symmetries
EWSB
Kai Wang ( PHENO,UW-Madison) SUSY: A Phenomenological Approach ZIMP,05,2006 10 / 23
The Standard Model GSM = SU(3)C � SU(2)L � U(1)Y
Counting Degrees of Freedom in the avor independent Non-SUSY SM
6 �elds Q; uc ; dc ; `; ec ; H
3 Yukawa Couplings LSM Yukawa = QucH + Qdc �H + `ec �H
Anomaly free conditions (SU(3)C � SU(2)L � GAbelian)1 [SU(3)]2 � G (automatically satis�ed from Yukawa couplings)2 [SU(2)L]
2� G
3 Trace Anomaly (Gravitational)4 Cubic Anomaly5 Mixed Anomalies Between Abelian Symmetries
Kai Wang ( PHENO,UW-Madison) SUSY: A Phenomenological Approach ZIMP,05,2006 11 / 23
U(1)Y is uniquely determined (except for its overall Normalization).
A[SU(3)C ]2�U(1)Y =Ng
2(2q + u + d) = 0
A[SU(2)L]2�U(1)Y =Ng
2(3q + `) = 0
TrU(1)Y = Ng (6q + 3u + 3d + 2`+ e) = 0
A[U(1)Y ]3 = Ng (6q3 + 3u3 + 3d3 + 2`3 + e3) = 0
Yukawa : q + u + h = 0; q + d � h = 0; `+ e � h = 0
No extra Unbroken U(1) Gauge Symmetry
Hypercharge normalization from new physics like Grand Uni�cationTheories (GUTs)
Kai Wang ( PHENO,UW-Madison) SUSY: A Phenomenological Approach ZIMP,05,2006 12 / 23
Global Symmetries
Anomalous
Instanton Breaking t'Hooft 1972
Sphelaron E�ect Dreiner & Ross, 1993
Quantum Gravity E�ects (wormholes, blackholes) Hawking, 1987
Examples
Q uc dc ` ec �c H
U(1)B 1=3 �1=3 �1=3 0 0 0 0
U(1)L 0 0 0 1 �1 �1 0
Kai Wang ( PHENO,UW-Madison) SUSY: A Phenomenological Approach ZIMP,05,2006 13 / 23
E�ective Field Theory Method
Renormalizable Standard Model Lagrangian + New Physics
LSM +1
�2O(6) + :::
Anomalous Couplings (Non-renormalizable)
SM particles only (Higgs or without Higgs)
Satisify SM GAUGE symmetry
couplings that are absent in tree level SM (new CP violation, Flavorviolation)
Global symmetries in the SM (lepton number, baryon number)
Kai Wang ( PHENO,UW-Madison) SUSY: A Phenomenological Approach ZIMP,05,2006 14 / 23
E�ective Field Theory Method
Renormalizable Standard Model Lagrangian + New Physics
LSM +1
�2O(6) + :::
Anomalous Couplings (Non-renormalizable)
SM particles only (Higgs or without Higgs)
Satisify SM GAUGE symmetry
couplings that are absent in tree level SM (new CP violation, Flavorviolation)
Global symmetries in the SM (lepton number, baryon number)
Kai Wang ( PHENO,UW-Madison) SUSY: A Phenomenological Approach ZIMP,05,2006 14 / 23
Violation of Global Symmetries from New Physics
Renormalizable Standard Model lagrangian: low energy e�ective theoryNew Physics: Non-renormalizable operators suppressed by cuto� scale
L � ``HH=��L+ QQQ`=��B + :::
Violation by Gravity at MPl
Lepton number violation (LNV) �L = 2Neutrinos have masses m� � 10�5 eV
Baryon number violation (BNV) �B = 1; �L = 1Proton decay �p � 1045 yrs
Kai Wang ( PHENO,UW-Madison) SUSY: A Phenomenological Approach ZIMP,05,2006 15 / 23
1ST hint to BSM Physics: m� 6= 0
SU(2)L Chiral Symmetry
�R , new gauge symmetries? (at least U(1)B�L)
lepton number violation?
Majarona fermion?
Kai Wang ( PHENO,UW-Madison) SUSY: A Phenomenological Approach ZIMP,05,2006 16 / 23
m� � 10�10 GeV
Dirac neutrino `�cHu: (�L = 0) 1012 order hierarchy in Yukawa coupling
constants as mt=m�
Majorana mass: `�cHu +MR�c�c : (�L = 2) (��)0�
Non-renormalizable ``HuHu=�R : (�L = 2)
�c : Right-handed neutrinosU(1)B�L is a gauge symmetry with the existence of �c
Explicitly broken by Majorana neutrino mass or Spontaneously ByMajoraron VEV.Hierarchy may imply new physics scale. Seesaw mechanism`�cHu + �L�
c�c �L(MR) � 1014 � 1015 GeV) m� � M2EW
=�L
Kai Wang ( PHENO,UW-Madison) SUSY: A Phenomenological Approach ZIMP,05,2006 17 / 23
Kai Wang ( PHENO,UW-Madison) SUSY: A Phenomenological Approach ZIMP,05,2006 18 / 23
EWSB & Unitarity
Longititunal W scattering
a = g2 E2
m2w
(2� 6cos�)
b = g2 E2
m2w
(�cos�)c = g2 E2
m2w
(�32 +
152 cos�)
d�
d= g2 E
2
m2w
(1
2+
1
2cos�)
B. W. Lee, C. Quigg and H. B. Thacker, Phys. Rev. D 16, 1519 (1977).
Kai Wang ( PHENO,UW-Madison) SUSY: A Phenomenological Approach ZIMP,05,2006 19 / 23
g2 E2
m2w
(�1
2� 1
2cos�)
Kai Wang ( PHENO,UW-Madison) SUSY: A Phenomenological Approach ZIMP,05,2006 20 / 23
Top and Precision Electroweak
Global Custodial SU(2)L+R
g 0 ! 0
SU(2)L � SU(2)R ) SU(2)L+R
m2W =
1
4g2v2
m2Z =
1
4(g2 + g 02)v2
m2W
m2Z
=g2
g2 + g 02= cos2�W
� =m2W
m2Zcos
2�W= 1
Kai Wang ( PHENO,UW-Madison) SUSY: A Phenomenological Approach ZIMP,05,2006 21 / 23
� = 1 +3GF
8�2p2
�m2t +m2
b �2m2
tm2b
m2t �m2
b
logm2t
m2b
�
The large top-bottom mass splitting is a strong violation of a custodialSU(2) symmetry (interchanging tR and bR) This results in largecorrections to MZ �MW at one loop.
Kai Wang ( PHENO,UW-Madison) SUSY: A Phenomenological Approach ZIMP,05,2006 22 / 23
Precision Electroweak Test on New Physics
seen from top quark example, Very Sensitive Suppress one loopcorrection to MZ ....
Hint to Model Building of BSM
New Parity Symmetry:
R-parity in SUSY, T-parity in Little Higgs, KK-parity in UED
Suppressed anomalous couplings (induced via loop)
New Physics particles always produced in pair
Dark Matter candidate (right DM?)
Kai Wang ( PHENO,UW-Madison) SUSY: A Phenomenological Approach ZIMP,05,2006 23 / 23