sustainable waste management waste to energy and its potential to mitigate ghg emissions by:...
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Sustainable Waste Management
Waste to Energy and its Potential to Mitigate GHG Emissions
By: Lodewijk NellDate: 25 March 2015Occasion: Joburg Waste Summit
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EcoMetrix Africa is one of Southern Africa’s leading companies in the field of carbon management, carbon trading and the implementation of low carbon technologies.
• EcoMetrix provides carbon services along three distinct service lines, leveraging its unmatched global and domestic experience and track record in the field of:
• EcoMetrix has successfully delivered and engaged with a wide range of South African and global companies, among which:
Carbon Management‘Improving a company’s carbon
and energy performance’
Carbon Financing & Energy Policies‘Improving business cases securing benefits from
carbon credits and other incentives’
Energy Technologies‘Introducing low carbon technologies and
energy efficiency to Southern Africa’
Introduction EcoMetrix Africa
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• Sustainable Waste Management – The Challenge / Opportunity
• Energy Recovery – Biogas Production
• Example – Northern Water Works
• Biogas Advantages and Challenges
• Outlook
Agenda
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The Common Waste Challenge: Shift from a collection and disposal dominated waste hierarchy to a waste minimization and recycling dominated hierarchy. Reduce, re-use and recycle are preferred options both cost-wise as well as looking at the carbon mitigation impact.
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Several industrialized countries have implemented policies and regulations promoting this shift successfully up to the extent that landfilling is reduced to levels below 20% and recycling increased up to a level above 45%. South Africa is still only at the beginning of this shift.
(including composting and digestion)
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Within Energy Recovery, Biogas is gaining momentum with the first Landfill Gas and Anaerobic Digestion projects and interest/stakeholder groups like SABVIA and the National Biogas Platform emerging.
Bio2Watts BronkhorstspruitAnaerobic Digestion / Electricity Generation
Joburg Water Northern Water Works Anaerobic Digestion / Combined Heat Power
CoJ and Ener-G Systems Robinson Deep Landfill Gas Collection / Electricity Generation
When avoiding methane emissions and using it as energy the mitigation benefit is two-fold:
• Destruction of methane: 1 molecule of CH4 is equivalent to 21 molecules CO2
• Offsetting coal based electricity (use of biogas): about 1 ton CO2 per 1000 kWh• Equivalent mitigation by CH4 destruction: 500 Nm3 biogas = 300 Nm3 CH4 x 21 x 0.7 kg/m3 = 4.4 tCO2-e
7Project Example - Northern Water Works
430 million litres of sewage/day
Current project:
• Four digesters refurbished
• Three CHP units installed
• Up to 1.1 MW electricity for own use
Total potential:
• 40,000 Nm3/day biogas
• Around 4 MW electricity
* 60% Methane Content Assumed
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Various Biogas Sources which vary widely in characteristics (e.g. volume, quality, current use) and requirements (e.g. critical mass, pricing) when developing viable project models.
Biogas Sources
Municipal Solid Waste
Waste Water
Agricultural Waste
Forestry Waste
Animal Residues
Industrial Residues
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Biogas from Waste is generally in competition with alternative use (no real waste) and when converted into energy a decision needs to be made with respect to how to deploy the energy produced, whether internally or externally and in which form heat/electricity/fuel.
South Africa’s Mitigation Policies – Transport / Biogas
Bio “Waste”
Waste Sold to others
Power Heat FuelHeat/Power
Internal Use
Power Heat FuelHeat/Power
External Use
e.g. as a fuel for boilers
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Waste to Biogas has considerable advantages:
• Renewable source
• Reduces need for landfilling
• Clean natural biological process
• Creation of jobs
But will require public and private efforts to grow a credible market:
• Mobilization of dispersed and heterogeneous resources.
• Lack of data about waste sources.
• Regulatory barriers e.g. wheeling electricity via the grid, revenue generation by municipalities
Overall Theoretical Potential CoJ
Municipal Waste: 4,110 t/d equal to a max. of 200-400,000 Nm3/day biogas
CoJ Waste Water: 95,000 Nm3/day biogas
What about practical? What will we use if for?
Outlook
11Contact Details
EcoMetrix Africa (Pty) Ltd.
011 44 77 892
www.ecometrix.co.za
3rd Floor, The Travel House
4-6 Hood Street, Rosebank
Johannesburg, 2196
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Disclaimer:
This presentation has been prepared by EcoMetrix Africa (Pty) Ltd (EcoMetrix Africa) for the exclusive use by EcoMetrix Africa’s Client only.
EcoMetrix Africa has taken all reasonable care to ensure that the facts stated herein are true and accurate in all material aspects. However, EcoMetrix Africa nor any of their directors, officers, employees, advisors or agents makes any representation or warranty or gives any undertaking of any kind, express or implied, as to the actuality, adequacy, accuracy, reliability or completeness of any opinions, forecasts, projections, assumptions and any other information contained in, or otherwise in relation to, this presentation, or assumes any undertaking to supplement any such information as further information becomes available or in light of changing circumstances. No liability of any kind whatsoever is assumed by EcoMetrix Africa any of its directors, officers, employees, advisors or agents in relation to any such opinions, forecasts, projections, assumptions or any other information contained in, or otherwise in relation to, this presentation.
This presentation is confidential as it contains company confidential information as well as the intellectual property of EcoMetrix. Therefore, this presentation shall not be released to third parties without the express written permission has been given by all parties involved provided that the Client and EcoMetrix Africa may release the presentation, or parts thereof, to those of their directors, officers, employees, advisors or agents as may be necessary to complete the presentation or to progress future work items that may be based on the presentation.