sustainable use of biodiversity and tropical rain forests ...sustainable use of biodiversity and...
TRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: Sustainable Use of Biodiversity and Tropical Rain Forests ...Sustainable Use of Biodiversity and Tropical Rain Forests through Ecosystem-based Forest Management Kanehiro Kitayama School](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062606/600335ae89750b21e81767ca/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Sustainable Use of Biodiversity and Tropical Rain Forests through Ecosystem-based
Forest Management
Kanehiro KitayamaSchool of Agriculture
Kyoto University(on behalf of my research team)
![Page 2: Sustainable Use of Biodiversity and Tropical Rain Forests ...Sustainable Use of Biodiversity and Tropical Rain Forests through Ecosystem-based Forest Management Kanehiro Kitayama School](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062606/600335ae89750b21e81767ca/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Houghton, unpublished
Carbon Emissions from Tropical DeforestationP
g C
yr-1
0.00
0.20
0.40
0.60
0.80
1.00
1.20
1.40
1.60
1.8018
50
1860
1870
1880
1890
1900
1910
1920
1930
1940
1950
1960
1970
1980
1990
2000
AfricaLatin AmericaS. & SE Asia
SUM
2000-20061.5 Pg C y-1(16% total emissions)
Figure cited from GCP
Rapid deforestation in SE Asia
![Page 3: Sustainable Use of Biodiversity and Tropical Rain Forests ...Sustainable Use of Biodiversity and Tropical Rain Forests through Ecosystem-based Forest Management Kanehiro Kitayama School](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062606/600335ae89750b21e81767ca/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Vegetation changes A2 Scenario (2000 vs. 2100)
Forest decline in Amazon
No changes in Borneo
IPCC (2007)
Forest increase
Forest loss
How Borneo looks like in the future?
![Page 4: Sustainable Use of Biodiversity and Tropical Rain Forests ...Sustainable Use of Biodiversity and Tropical Rain Forests through Ecosystem-based Forest Management Kanehiro Kitayama School](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062606/600335ae89750b21e81767ca/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Interactions of climate change and land-use adverse influences on
ecosystems
![Page 5: Sustainable Use of Biodiversity and Tropical Rain Forests ...Sustainable Use of Biodiversity and Tropical Rain Forests through Ecosystem-based Forest Management Kanehiro Kitayama School](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062606/600335ae89750b21e81767ca/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Land tenure in Borneo
Black: State borders/riversRed: HPH borders
Permanent forest estate 38 mill ha, 50% of the land
(Production forests for logging)
![Page 6: Sustainable Use of Biodiversity and Tropical Rain Forests ...Sustainable Use of Biodiversity and Tropical Rain Forests through Ecosystem-based Forest Management Kanehiro Kitayama School](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062606/600335ae89750b21e81767ca/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Production forests
![Page 7: Sustainable Use of Biodiversity and Tropical Rain Forests ...Sustainable Use of Biodiversity and Tropical Rain Forests through Ecosystem-based Forest Management Kanehiro Kitayama School](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062606/600335ae89750b21e81767ca/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Degraded production forests due tounregulated “conventional” logging
(Business as usual, baseline)
![Page 8: Sustainable Use of Biodiversity and Tropical Rain Forests ...Sustainable Use of Biodiversity and Tropical Rain Forests through Ecosystem-based Forest Management Kanehiro Kitayama School](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062606/600335ae89750b21e81767ca/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Effects of drought and logging on ecosystem C (FSYSC)
Year
1990 2000 2010 2020 2030 2040 2050 2060
Ecos
ytem
car
bon
(gC
/m2 )
26000
28000
30000
32000
34000
36000BaselineDrought w/ 2.6% mortalityDrought and loggingLogging
Warming only
DroughtSelective logging (heavy)
Drought and heavy logging (business as usual)
Dynamics of carbon in “a” Bornean rain forest: CENTURY model C
arbo
n (tr
eesa
ndso
ils)
LoggingLogging
![Page 9: Sustainable Use of Biodiversity and Tropical Rain Forests ...Sustainable Use of Biodiversity and Tropical Rain Forests through Ecosystem-based Forest Management Kanehiro Kitayama School](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062606/600335ae89750b21e81767ca/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Projection in Borneo
Nearly entire permanent forest estate (50% area)will be highly deteriorated due to logging and droughts
c. Another 40% area will completely lose (has lost) forest covers
Only 8.3% (or 6.2 million ha protected areas) of Borneo will remain relatively intact (but illegal encroachment)
![Page 10: Sustainable Use of Biodiversity and Tropical Rain Forests ...Sustainable Use of Biodiversity and Tropical Rain Forests through Ecosystem-based Forest Management Kanehiro Kitayama School](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062606/600335ae89750b21e81767ca/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Biodiversity
Land-use(Economic benefits)
Time
Trade-off between land-use and conservation
Protected area
Synergize timber production and conservation
![Page 11: Sustainable Use of Biodiversity and Tropical Rain Forests ...Sustainable Use of Biodiversity and Tropical Rain Forests through Ecosystem-based Forest Management Kanehiro Kitayama School](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062606/600335ae89750b21e81767ca/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Synergize land-use (timber production), mitigation,
adaptation and conservation
Project in Deramakot,Sabah, Malaysia
Project #F071 & D1006 of the Ministry of the Environment, Japan
![Page 12: Sustainable Use of Biodiversity and Tropical Rain Forests ...Sustainable Use of Biodiversity and Tropical Rain Forests through Ecosystem-based Forest Management Kanehiro Kitayama School](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062606/600335ae89750b21e81767ca/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Sabah, Malaysia
![Page 13: Sustainable Use of Biodiversity and Tropical Rain Forests ...Sustainable Use of Biodiversity and Tropical Rain Forests through Ecosystem-based Forest Management Kanehiro Kitayama School](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062606/600335ae89750b21e81767ca/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Deramakot
Unregulated convent. logging (heavy impacts, BAS)
Sustainable forest management(improved management since 1989)
Sabah
Project site as of 2002
Sustainable forest managementLong-term planningReduced harvestReduced impact loggingProtection of keystone
speciesEcological monitoring
![Page 14: Sustainable Use of Biodiversity and Tropical Rain Forests ...Sustainable Use of Biodiversity and Tropical Rain Forests through Ecosystem-based Forest Management Kanehiro Kitayama School](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062606/600335ae89750b21e81767ca/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Unregulated conventional logging (heavy impacts)
![Page 15: Sustainable Use of Biodiversity and Tropical Rain Forests ...Sustainable Use of Biodiversity and Tropical Rain Forests through Ecosystem-based Forest Management Kanehiro Kitayama School](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062606/600335ae89750b21e81767ca/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Sustainable forest management(Reduced-impact logging)
![Page 16: Sustainable Use of Biodiversity and Tropical Rain Forests ...Sustainable Use of Biodiversity and Tropical Rain Forests through Ecosystem-based Forest Management Kanehiro Kitayama School](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062606/600335ae89750b21e81767ca/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Pristine forest
![Page 17: Sustainable Use of Biodiversity and Tropical Rain Forests ...Sustainable Use of Biodiversity and Tropical Rain Forests through Ecosystem-based Forest Management Kanehiro Kitayama School](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062606/600335ae89750b21e81767ca/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Carbon accounting: satellite remote sensing 2002 accuracy±10% (+25% in highly degraded area)
Sus
For
ManMean:163±30
(ton/ha)
ConventionalMean:112±21
(ton/ha)
Carbon additionality51 ton C/ha for 13 yrs
2.8 M ton C in entire unit
![Page 18: Sustainable Use of Biodiversity and Tropical Rain Forests ...Sustainable Use of Biodiversity and Tropical Rain Forests through Ecosystem-based Forest Management Kanehiro Kitayama School](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062606/600335ae89750b21e81767ca/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Beneficial effects of sustainable forest management
on various organisms
![Page 19: Sustainable Use of Biodiversity and Tropical Rain Forests ...Sustainable Use of Biodiversity and Tropical Rain Forests through Ecosystem-based Forest Management Kanehiro Kitayama School](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062606/600335ae89750b21e81767ca/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Community in pristine forest
Community in sustainable management
Community in baseline
Improvement
Biological communities (trees, soil fauna, microbes, etc)
![Page 20: Sustainable Use of Biodiversity and Tropical Rain Forests ...Sustainable Use of Biodiversity and Tropical Rain Forests through Ecosystem-based Forest Management Kanehiro Kitayama School](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062606/600335ae89750b21e81767ca/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
Beneficial effects of sustainable forest manag’nt
Canopy tree
Middle/Large
AntsSpring tail、MitesDecomposer fliesFungiSoil microbes
Large soil fauna
Positive effects
Mammals
Decomposer
○
○
○
○
○
○
○
○
![Page 21: Sustainable Use of Biodiversity and Tropical Rain Forests ...Sustainable Use of Biodiversity and Tropical Rain Forests through Ecosystem-based Forest Management Kanehiro Kitayama School](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062606/600335ae89750b21e81767ca/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
Multiple benefits in timber, climate (carbon) and biodiversity
Is sustainable-forest- management system per se
sustainable?
![Page 22: Sustainable Use of Biodiversity and Tropical Rain Forests ...Sustainable Use of Biodiversity and Tropical Rain Forests through Ecosystem-based Forest Management Kanehiro Kitayama School](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062606/600335ae89750b21e81767ca/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
For a sustainability system to be sustainable
Forest CertificationAn economic incentive
-Consumers pay for the additional cost of the sustainable management
Sustainable forest management(high cost)
Audit Certify
Timbers from certified forests Auction
Products
Green-conscious consumers(premium)
![Page 23: Sustainable Use of Biodiversity and Tropical Rain Forests ...Sustainable Use of Biodiversity and Tropical Rain Forests through Ecosystem-based Forest Management Kanehiro Kitayama School](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062606/600335ae89750b21e81767ca/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
Adequate incentives are necessary
• Forest certification and labeling• REDD incentives (Reducing Emissions
from Deforestation and Forest Degradation)• Payment for Ecosystem Services
Otherwise, we will fail
![Page 24: Sustainable Use of Biodiversity and Tropical Rain Forests ...Sustainable Use of Biodiversity and Tropical Rain Forests through Ecosystem-based Forest Management Kanehiro Kitayama School](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062606/600335ae89750b21e81767ca/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
3 roles of biodiversity in ecosystem-based sustainability
• Provides functions and services: ecological principles in land-use management (protecting keystone species)
• Diagnoses ecosystem health and validity of management (standards and indicators)
• Adds a premium that will be an incentive for producers (institutions with incentives)
![Page 25: Sustainable Use of Biodiversity and Tropical Rain Forests ...Sustainable Use of Biodiversity and Tropical Rain Forests through Ecosystem-based Forest Management Kanehiro Kitayama School](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062606/600335ae89750b21e81767ca/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
Achieving sustainabilitySocio-economic scenario
Climate scenario
Prediction of ecosystem responses(Ecosystem ecology)
Climate change policiesAdaptation and mitigation
(Precautionary &No-regret policies)
Institutions (incentives) and capacity
Land-use policiesSustainable production(Ecological principles)
Conservation
Sciences
Societyand
governance