sustainable tourism in protected areas
TRANSCRIPT
Sustainable tourism in
protected areas
Dr Anna Spenceley
HNE Eberswalde, University for Sustainable Development, 24 Sept 2015
• Part 1: Sustainable and nature-based
tourism in Southern Africa
• Part 2: Tourism and the World Parks
Congress: Comparing 2003 (Durban) and
2014 (Sydney)
Outline
• Part 1: Sustainable and nature-based
tourism in Southern Africa
• Part 2: Tourism and the World Parks
Congress: Comparing 2003 (Durban) and
2014 (Sydney)
Outline
http://www.gpstourism.org/UNEP_Southern%20Africa_Situation%20Analysis_EN_2013.pdf
Key questions:
• What is happening in sustainable tourism in southern Africa?
• What are the challenges to mainstreaming sustainable tourism?
Source: http://www.actsa.org/page-1003-TheFacts.html
Methods:
• Literature review
• Online survey: Sent to 199 people. (29% participation)
• Stakeholder review & virtual meeting
Agencies working on sustainable tourism in Southern Africa
Sustainable tourism initiatives in Southern Africa
Barriers to mainstreaming
sustainable tourism
Public sectorcapacity building
needs
Private sectorneeds to develop
sustainabletourism
RECOMMENDATIONS
1. Improve the enabling environment for sustainable tourism
• regional tourism strategies & frameworks – review and fill gaps
• participatory processes & improve linkages & coordination
Nosy Be, Madagascar
Watamu, Kenya
1
2. Conserve biodiversity – improved capacity for protected area managers of tourism
• Training on sustainable tourism • Technical assistance for sustainable tourism protected area
management plans
Masaai mara, KenyaMida Creek, Watamu, Kenya
3. Increase supply of sustainable tourism products: • Access to funds for products: Pilot grant fund (capital, TA,
loans)• Improved capacity and knowledge of products
Research on business case for sustainable tourism Training and tools for products
Makasutu Cultural Forest, The Gambia Singita Lebombo, South Africa
4. Increase demand for sustainable tourism• Awareness raising campaign: trigger change in behaviour • Promote sustainable destinations and products
Celebrity ‘face’, certification, Media: social media, documentaries, e-bookings
Drakensberg Mountains,
South Africa
Yield > Numbers
• Part 1: Sustainable and nature-based
tourism in Southern Africa
• Part 2: Tourism and the World Parks
Congress: Comparing 2003 (Durban) and
2014 (Sydney)
Outline
• World Parks Congress held every 10
years.
– Biggest global meeting on protected areas
• Organised by IUCN and its WCPA
– 2003 – Durban
• 3000 delegates
– 2014 – Sydney
• 6000 delegates
Part 2: Tourism & the WPC
© Eagles, 2014
The IUCN TAPAS Group
Anna Spenceley (Chair)
Knowledge development
•Megan Epler Wood
Communities
•Susan Snyman(Vice Chair)
Capacity Building
•Dan Paleczny
Heritage
•Robyn BushellCommunications
•Ron Mader
Membership
•Elena Nikolaeva
IUCN Secretariat
•Giulia Carbone
What we do traditionally
PARKS The I
n
t er n ational Jo urnal of Protected Areas and Co nser vation
Issue 18.2: December 2012
Developing capacity for a pr otected pl anet
Develop knowledgeBuild capacity
Network
New working group on communities
Online
review and
comment Webinars on key themes
What we doing more of
Membership application: http://tinyurl.com/tapasmembership
Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/pages/Tourism-and-Protected-Areas-Specialist-Group/122961127797095
LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/groups?home=&gid=4735342
Slideshare: http://www.slideshare.net/planeta/tapasgroup
Wiki: http://planeta.wikispaces.com/tapas
Google+: https://plus.google.com/u/0/117973343043881234019/posts
IUCN Website: http://www.iucn.org/about/work/programmes/gpap_home/gpap_capacity2/gpap_wcpacap/gpap_tourism/
Social media / online channels
• Not a stream or cross-cutting issue
• Despite this . . .– 125 tourism and visitation presentations:
covering all streams
– Tourism events at WPC: e.g. SADC/TAPAS Group/GiZ, UNDP, University of Waterloo, GSTC, TAPAS Group
– Parallel meetings: Global Eco, Wildlife Tourism Australia
– Tourism Journey: a guide through the complex program, from the TAPAS Group (informal stream)
Tourism at WPC 2014
Who presented tourism?
Tourism + WPC streams
WPC 2014 Streams % of papers
Reconciling development challenges 66%
Reaching conservation goals 51%
Respecting indigenous and traditional knowledge and
culture
37%
Supporting human life 21%
Enhancing diversity and quality of governance 19%
Improving health and well-being 18%
Inspiring a new generation 15%
Responding to climate change 1%
WPC 2003 and 2014
Financing PAs, 33%
Sustainable use of nature/ culture,
61%
Conventions and guidelines, 21%
Heritage links, 3%
Stewardship by public,
12%
Working with local people and
industry, 46%
Supporting community
development and poverty reduction,
29%
Co-management, 21%
Contributing to Civil-society, 21%
WPC 2003 and 2014
Financing PAs, 33%
Sustainable use of nature/ culture,
61%
Conventions and guidelines, 21%
Heritage links, 3%
Stewardship by public,
12%
Working with local people and
industry, 46%
Supporting community
development and poverty reduction,
29%
Co-management, 21%
Contributing to Civil-society, 21%
• Case studies
• Certification and
standards (ISO18065:
2015; European Charter;
GSTC; IUCN Green List)
• Sustainability indicators
• Best Practice Guidelines
i. Sustainability & diversity
ii.Collaboration & poverty reduction
• Quantify $ benefits to
local people
• Long-term technical &
capacity support for
communities
• Generate enough $ to
change behaviour that
damages biodiversity
Maluleke, 2014
Sinclair, 2014Sinclair, 2014
Maluleke, 2014
ii.Collaboration & poverty reduction
Snyman, 2014
Sinclair, 2014
Wilderness Safaris paid USD 1.1 m in community lease fees in 2013
iii.Financing protected areas
• Partnerships with NGOs
managing PAs /
collecting fees
• Tourism concession
tools: UNDP, IFC, SADC
(TFCAs)
• TFCA tourism (SADC):
Tour de Tuli, Desert
Knights, Tour de Pafuri
Vorhland, 2014
iii.Financing protected areas
Eagles and Kajala, 2014 Sinclair, 2014
• Visitor number monitoring
• Shift from state funding to tourism fees
Inspiring solutions
Sinclair, 2014
• Health treatment
• Building new markets
Fauteux, 2014
Chong-Chun, 2014
Fauteux, 2014
What makes it work?
Sinclair, 2014
Chong-Chun, 2014
Formal outputs
Sinclair, 2014
Chong-Chun, 2014
2003
Recommendation V12: Tourism
as a Vehicle for Conservation &
Support for PAs
2014
Tourism mentioned 5 x in Vision & Stream outputs.
No tourism recommendation.
Informal outputs
Sinclair, 2014
Chong-Chun, 2014
https://www.facebook.com/pages/Tourism-and-Protected-Areas-Specialist-Group/122961127797095
http://www.slideshare.net/planeta/tapasgroup
http://planeta.wikispaces.com/tapas
UNDP Park Talks: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UC-KOkIyprmsuavAE5BMDp2A
Tourism and the IUCN World Parks Congress 2014JOST, 23 (7), 1114-1116
Sustainable and inspirational: A decade of progress in protected area tourism
Implications for the next 10 yrs?
Sinclair, 2014
Chong-Chun, 2014
• UN Resolution A/RES/69/233 on Sustainable tourism
• Decision XII/11 on Biodiversity and Tourism Development
• Tourism concession session - SADC
(TFCAs)