Sustainable Singapore –

Waste Management and

Waste-to-Energy in a global city

Kan Kok WahChief Engineer

Waste & Resource Management Department

National Environment Agency

Singapore

2016 World Waste to Energy City Summit

11 May 2016

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1. Singapore’s Solid Waste Management System

2. Key Challenges & Opportunities

3. Waste-to-Energy (WTE) and Resource Recovery

4. Next Generation WTE plants

Outline

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Singapore

Dense Urban

Setting

5.54 mil population

Small Land Area

719.1 km2

Limited Natural

Resources

Country and a

City-State

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From Past to Present

From 1st waste-to-energy plant

Ulu Pandan (1979)

Tuas (1986)

Senoko (1992)

Tuas South (2000)

Keppel Seghers (2009)

From Direct landfilling

Lim Chu Kang Choa Chu Kang

Lorong Halus

…to

Offshore landfill

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Overview of Solid Waste Management System

2015 figures5

Domestic

Non-Domestic

Recycling

Collection Landfill

Waste-to-Energy

Reuse

TradeResidential

Industries Businesses

Total Waste Generated

21,023 t/d

Non-Incinerable Waste

516 t/d

Ash

1,766 t/d

Incinerable Waste

7,886 t/d

Electricity

2,702 MWh/d

Total Recycled Waste

12,739 t/d

2%

38%

61% Metals Recovered

118 t/d

Reduce

Recyclable Waste

12,621 t/d

60%

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Key Challenges – Waste Growth and Land Scarcity

0.00

1.00

2.00

3.00

4.00

1970 1980 1990 2000 2010

Index

Year

GDP

Population

Waste Disposal

1,200 tonnes/day (1970)

8,402 tonnes/day (2015)

Current Population: 5.54 mil

At this rate of waste growth…

7-10 years

New waste-to-energy

30-35 years

New offshore landfill

~2035Semakau Landfill

Singapore’s waste generation increased about 7 folds

over the past 40 years

there will be less & less land available

But…

Land Area: 719 km2

Population Density : 7,705 per km2

Waste Management Strategies

Recycling

• Maximise resource recovery from waste

• Adopt better recycling methods to sustain clean environment

Waste-to-Energy / Volume Reduction

• Adopt innovative technology to maximise energy recovery, minimise ash & land use

Landfill

• Minimise waste to landfill

Minimisation / Prevention

• Promote efficient use of resources in production processes

• Promote 3Rs & waste segregation at source in homes & businesses

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To enhance the sustainability of our system as solutions to the waste growth challenge are being developed

Waste-to-Energy Facilities in Singapore

Tuas WtE Plant Government owned & operated

Tuas South WtE Plant Government owned and operated

1979 1986 1992 2000 2009 2019

Ulu Pandan WtE Plant (Decomm in 2009)

Senoko WtE Plant Privatised in 2009

Keppel Seghers TuasPPP DBOO approach

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TuasOne WtE Plant PPP DBOO approach

6th Waste to Energy Facility

ProjectPublic Private Partnership

(PPP) scheme

Design, Build, Own and

Operate (DBOO) Model

Expected operation 2019.

WTE FacilityDomestic & industrial solid

waste

90% waste volume

reduction

3,600 tonnes/day

24% net efficiency

This is an artist impression of a possible design9

Energy from Waste for Utility Steam

WTE Facility

Capacity: process up to

1,000 t/d industrial &

commercial solid waste

Produce 140 tonnes per

hour of steam to serve the

needs of petrochemical

manufacturers on Jurong

Island

Expected operation in 3Q

2016

Source: http://www.volund.dk/~/media/Downloads/Brochures_-_WTE/Sembcorp_-_Singapore.pdf?la=en10

Biomass to Energy

(Gardens by the Bay)Electricity

• Supplied to Grid• Internal

electricity consumption

Steam

• Utility purposes for industries

• Drying of Spent Grains

Cogeneration

• Gardens by the Bay

Integrated Waste Management Facility (IWMF)

Realising Waste-Water-Energy NEXUS

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Integrated

Waste

Management

Facility

(IWMF)

Tuas Water

Reclamation

Plant

(TWRP)Reclaimed water for non-potable uses and incineration of sludge

Electricity for used water treatment

Incineration Bottom Ash (IBA) Metal Recovery

Increasing Resource Recovery

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• Increase resource recovery and

extend the lifespan of Semakau

Landfill

• Capacity of 1,800 t/d of IBA

• Resource recovery: 90% of the

ferrous metals of size above 4mm

and non-ferrous metals above

2mm

• Commenced operation: July 15

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Semakau Landfill Phase II Development

A single cell was created to form Phase II of the landfill, which was designed to: • maximise the landfill capacity

• minimise the amount of sand used

• lowering the overall construction cost

Maximise Lifespan of Semakau Landfill

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SSB 2015

To strive towards a “ZERO WASTE NATION”

• Reduce consumption, reuse and recycle all materials to conserve

precious resources and free up land for more meaningful uses

• The Government, community and businesses will come together to

put in infrastructure and programmes

A Vibrant &

Sustainable

City

Safeguard • Nurture • Cherish