Sustainable Recycling Technology forElectronic Waste: DeitY’s Initiatives

Dr. S. ChatterjeeOSD to Secretary, Govt. Of India, Additional Director

Department of Electronics and Information TechnologyElectronics Niketan, 6, C.G.O. Complex

New Delhi-110 003, Indiasandip@deity.gov.in

Date: 25th March 2015

Legislative Provision to manage ELegislative Provision to manage E--wastewaste

• MoEF &CC is the nodal Ministry for all environmental related issuesand is involved in enacting laws and guidelines related to e-waste.

• MoEF &CC has notified E-waste (Management and Handling) Rules,2011 on 1st May, 2012 to provide collection, handling, storage anddismantling of e-waste, setting up of authorized e-waste collectioncentre, dismantling and recycling facilities. Clause V of the Rulerelated to RoHS was enacted since 1st May 2014

• Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB) is responsible to implementthe rule alongwith State Pollution Control Boards (SPCB)

• CPCB has notified Guidelines Implementation of E-Waste Rules 2011and also a ‘List of registered e-waster recyclers/ dismantlers’, whichare possessing e-waste in various capabilities.

• SPCBs are responsible for inventorisation of e-waste, grantingpermission for collectors, recyclers etc.

• MoEF &CC is the nodal Ministry for all environmental related issuesand is involved in enacting laws and guidelines related to e-waste.

• MoEF &CC has notified E-waste (Management and Handling) Rules,2011 on 1st May, 2012 to provide collection, handling, storage anddismantling of e-waste, setting up of authorized e-waste collectioncentre, dismantling and recycling facilities. Clause V of the Rulerelated to RoHS was enacted since 1st May 2014

• Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB) is responsible to implementthe rule alongwith State Pollution Control Boards (SPCB)

• CPCB has notified Guidelines Implementation of E-Waste Rules 2011and also a ‘List of registered e-waster recyclers/ dismantlers’, whichare possessing e-waste in various capabilities.

• SPCBs are responsible for inventorisation of e-waste, grantingpermission for collectors, recyclers etc.

EE--Waste Scenario in IndiaWaste Scenario in India

• India would consumes US $ 400Bn worth of Electronic and appliancesindustry would reach to by 2020 (US $60Bn- 2013)

• Present expected inventory: 1Mn MT• Recycling by non-formal sector : 80-90%• Recycling by formal sector: 10-20%• No. of non-formal units : > 10000• No. of medium small scrap dealers > 250• No. of authorized formal / semi formal units approved by CPCB ~ 100

PCPC

Mobile PhoneMobile Phone

Resistor Carbon, ceramic, TaN,RuO2, NiCr

Capacitor ML ceramic, ceramic disc,ML polyester film, tubularceramic, polyestere,metalized polymer film, Ta,Al electrolytic

Inductor Cu wire, core: air/ferro-magnetic or/-ferri-air/ferro-magneticmaterials, / Ni-Fe alloypowder

Diode/Transistor

Si, Ge, Amorphous Si,metalloids Si, Ge, GaAs,SiC, graphene

ProductsProductsTelevisionTelevision

Mobile PhoneMobile PhonePiezoPiezo buzzers/ Elementbuzzers/ Element

ResistorsResistors

Crystals/Crystals/OscillatorsOscillators

TransistorsTransistorsTransformersTransformers

RelaysRelays

InductorsInductors

Integrated CircuitIntegrated Circuit

CapacitorsCapacitors

DiodesDiodes

ComponentsComponents

Diode/Transistor

Si, Ge, Amorphous Si,metalloids Si, Ge, GaAs,SiC, graphene

Transformer

Laminated Steel, Powder,Fe cores

Potentiometer

adjustable voltage dividerwith rheostat

Relay coil with soft iron core

Fuse alloy Sn, Pb

Switch Si-central rectifier or Triac

MaterialsMaterials

Resource Potential in EResource Potential in E--wastewaste

Source: UNEPSource: UNEP

“Printed Circuit Board (PCB) is most precious”

Potential Precious Metal in EPotential Precious Metal in E--wastewaste

Items Weight Copper Silver Gold Palladium

Cell phone 1MT 130000grams

3500grams

340 grams 140 grams

Motherboard(310g)

1 Kg 350g 800 mg 180 mg 80 mg

Memorycards (20g)

1 Kg N/A 1650 mg 750 mg 180 mg

SmallPCBs(28g)

1 Kg - 800 mg 180 mg 80 mgSmallPCBs(28g)H/disk drivePCB(12g)

1 Kg N/A 2600 mg 400 mg 280 mg

PCB opticaldrive (25g)

1 Kg N/A 2200 mg 200 mg 70 mg

DisplayPCB(37g)

1 Kg N/A 1300 mg 490 mg 99 mg

Source: Recycling critical raw materials waste electronics equipments, commissioned by North Rhine-Westphaliastate agency for nature, environment and consumer protection, Darmstadt, 24.2.12, Oko-Institut e.V

Potential Materials Recovered from EPotential Materials Recovered from E--wastewasteRecovered ItemsRecovered Items Recycling OptionRecycling Option UsedUsed

1.1. Small & large structural metal parts,Small & large structural metal parts,heat sinks,heat sinks, Ferrous metal,Ferrous metal,

2.2. Ferrite and ceramic componentsFerrite and ceramic components NonNonferrous metal scrap mainly Cuferrous metal scrap mainly Cu and Aland Al

3.3. Cables and wiresCables and wires

SmeltingSmelting

Striping + SmeltingStriping + Smelting

secondary rawsecondary rawmaterialmaterial

4.4. Precious metal scrap,Precious metal scrap, PCBs with ICPCBs with ICChips, electronic components andChips, electronic components andconnectorsconnectors

Smelting + HydroSmelting + Hydro--metallurgy +metallurgy +ElectroElectro--chemical Processchemical ProcessMechanical shredding +Mechanical shredding +screening + electrostaticscreening + electrostaticseparation + Falcon centrifugalseparation + Falcon centrifugalseparation + hydrometallurgyseparation + hydrometallurgy

secondarysecondary rawrawmaterialmaterialCopper,Copper, silver,silver, gold,gold,palladiumpalladium etcetc..

Met

als

Met

als

Smelting + HydroSmelting + Hydro--metallurgy +metallurgy +ElectroElectro--chemical Processchemical ProcessMechanical shredding +Mechanical shredding +screening + electrostaticscreening + electrostaticseparation + Falcon centrifugalseparation + Falcon centrifugalseparation + hydrometallurgyseparation + hydrometallurgy

5.5. Small & large structural plastic partsSmall & large structural plastic parts Chemical Recovery (plasticsChemical Recovery (plastics--derived fuels)derived fuels)Materials Recovery (RecycledMaterials Recovery (Recycledplastics)plastics)--PC,ABS, PCPC,ABS, PC--Energy Recovery(H2, steamEnergy Recovery(H2, steam

6.6. Glass componentsGlass components SmeltingSmelting secondary rawsecondary rawmaterialmaterial

7.7. Hazardous wastes like CFC, MercuryHazardous wastes like CFC, Mercury(Hg) Switches, CRT, batteries and(Hg) Switches, CRT, batteries andcapacitor, flame retardants plasticcapacitor, flame retardants plastic

Recycling is possible with dueRecycling is possible with dueenvironmental careenvironmental care

secondary rawsecondary rawmaterialmaterial

Pla

stic

sP

last

ics

Gla

ssG

lass

E-waste Rule w.e.f since 01.05.12, following activities are still prevalent• 90-95% e-waste recycling in non-formal sector

• PCBs are treated in primitive methods to remove components and valuemetals

• Burning cables to recover copper & unwanted materials in open air

• Creating environmental (air, soil) pollution.

• Severe health hazardous to the operators.

• Disposing unsalvageable materials in fields and riverbanks• Leaching of heavy metals/ chemicals into landfills and incinerator hazardous• Recovery yield is poor (~10-20%)- loosing precious metals

Present Scenario of EPresent Scenario of E--waste Recycling in Indiawaste Recycling in India

Non

Non

--for

mal

sec

tor

form

al s

ecto

r

E-waste Rule w.e.f since 01.05.12, following activities are still prevalent• 90-95% e-waste recycling in non-formal sector

• PCBs are treated in primitive methods to remove components and valuemetals

• Burning cables to recover copper & unwanted materials in open air

• Creating environmental (air, soil) pollution.

• Severe health hazardous to the operators.

• Disposing unsalvageable materials in fields and riverbanks• Leaching of heavy metals/ chemicals into landfills and incinerator hazardous• Recovery yield is poor (~10-20%)- loosing precious metals

Non

Non

--for

mal

sec

tor

form

al s

ecto

r

• 5-10% e-waste is recycled in formal sector

• Segregating, disassembling to recover: small & large structural metal parts,heat sinks, Ferrous metal, Ferrite and ceramic components Non ferrous metalscrap mainly Cu and Al, Cables and wires, Small & large structural plasticparts, glass components

• PCBs are exported to developed country to recover precious metals

For

mal

sec

tor

For

mal

sec

tor

PCB Recycling Practiced GloballyPCB Recycling Practiced Globally

Process 1

Mechanical shredding + Physicalseparation + hydrometallurgical

• Pretreatment: to disassemble reusable& toxic parts and to segregate PCBs

• Physical recycling of PCBs by(separators- magnetic, eddy current,electrostatic etc),

• Chemical recycling (pyrolysis processand gasification process)

• Pyrometallurgical,Hydrometallurgical orBiotechnological process to treat metalfraction

Process 2

Smelting + Hydrometallurgy+ electrolysis

• Smelting: PCBs, ICs, processors,connectors are treated in integrated copper& precious metal smelter-refineryoperations, without reduction size

• Pyrometallurgy, Hydrometallurgy andelectrometallurgy to recover preciousmetals

Process 1

Mechanical shredding + Physicalseparation + hydrometallurgical

• Pretreatment: to disassemble reusable& toxic parts and to segregate PCBs

• Physical recycling of PCBs by(separators- magnetic, eddy current,electrostatic etc),

• Chemical recycling (pyrolysis processand gasification process)

• Pyrometallurgical,Hydrometallurgical orBiotechnological process to treat metalfraction

Process 2

Smelting + Hydrometallurgy+ electrolysis

• Smelting: PCBs, ICs, processors,connectors are treated in integrated copper& precious metal smelter-refineryoperations, without reduction size

• Pyrometallurgy, Hydrometallurgy andelectrometallurgy to recover preciousmetals

DeitY’sDeitY’s Initiatives on EInitiatives on E--waste Recycling Technologywaste Recycling Technology

Goal and Objectives

– To develop cost effective & indigenous technology torecycle e-waste so that precious metals and others resourcesremain in country

– Generate knowledgebase & employment for locals– To help MoEF/ CPCB to protect environment, human health– To reduce the dependency on foreign technology on e-waste

recyling– To promote local equipment manufactures– Sensitize electronic manufacturers on the issues

Goal and Objectives

– To develop cost effective & indigenous technology torecycle e-waste so that precious metals and others resourcesremain in country

– Generate knowledgebase & employment for locals– To help MoEF/ CPCB to protect environment, human health– To reduce the dependency on foreign technology on e-waste

recyling– To promote local equipment manufactures– Sensitize electronic manufacturers on the issues

DeitY’sDeitY’s InitiativesInitiatives

Following R&D programme are undertaken:

– Recycling technology of Precious metal, Plastics and glass

– Up-scaling developed technologies

– Demonstration Pilot Plants

– Commercialization and Technology Transfer

Following R&D programme are undertaken:

– Recycling technology of Precious metal, Plastics and glass

– Up-scaling developed technologies

– Demonstration Pilot Plants

– Commercialization and Technology Transfer

• Processing technology was successfully developed for recyclingand reuse of electronic waste at National MetallurgicalLaboratory, Jamshedpur, India – (CSIR’s R&D laboratory). PilotPlant level demonstration done to recover precious metal from 1Metric Tonnes of e-waste with a recovery rate of 95%.Commercialization is being explored.o Pulverization, physical separation, chemical leaching etc. main

process• Printed circuit boards processing technology was successfully

developed & demonstrated at Centre for Materials for ElectronicsTechnology, Hyderabad (DeitY’s R&D Lab) & E-parisara,Bangalore.o Depopulation, pyrolysis, calciner, chemical leaching etc. main

process

Technology Developed for Extraction of MetalsTechnology Developed for Extraction of Metals

• Processing technology was successfully developed for recyclingand reuse of electronic waste at National MetallurgicalLaboratory, Jamshedpur, India – (CSIR’s R&D laboratory). PilotPlant level demonstration done to recover precious metal from 1Metric Tonnes of e-waste with a recovery rate of 95%.Commercialization is being explored.o Pulverization, physical separation, chemical leaching etc. main

process• Printed circuit boards processing technology was successfully

developed & demonstrated at Centre for Materials for ElectronicsTechnology, Hyderabad (DeitY’s R&D Lab) & E-parisara,Bangalore.o Depopulation, pyrolysis, calciner, chemical leaching etc. main

process

Shredding &Pulverization ofwaste PCBs

MagneticSeparation

GravityConcentration

FrothFlotation

ElectrostaticSeparation

Metallic powder

Non-metallic powder

Chemical Leaching

Physical beneficiationIndicative Process Flow Chart

Technology Deployed for Precious MetalTechnology Deployed for Precious Metalat NML, Jamshedpurat NML, Jamshedpur

Cu powder

Chemical Leaching

Sn recovery

Pb recovery

Roasted (at 5000Cfor 2 hrs) Acid Leaching

HydrothermalReductionSelective

Dissolution

Au, Ag recovery ThioureaLeaching

ImpurityRemoval

Solution

Fe & AlHydroxide

cake

LeachedSol.

Solution

Ag & Aupowder

Solution

Tin oxide

Pb powder

Technology Deployed for Precious MetalTechnology Deployed for Precious Metalat CMET, Hyderabad & Eat CMET, Hyderabad & E--parisaraparisara, Bangalore, Bangalore

Depopulation System Batch pyrolysis system Cont. Calcinationssystem

Scrap PCBs Depopulation System Batch pyrolysis system Cont. Calcinationssystem

Chemical leaching &electrolysis

Technology Deployed for Plastics at CIPET, BhubaneswarTechnology Deployed for Plastics at CIPET, Bhubaneswar

• Processing technology to recovery and conversion of Plasticsfrom WEEE to value added products was successfully developedat CIPET, Bhubaneswaro 7 categories of plastics (ABS, HIPS, PC, PP, PVC, nylons,

Epoxy, phenolic, Polyesters etc.) are found. Segregated them 3Types

o Type 1: Homogenous type (76%) : monitor housing, mousecover floppy disk, keyboards, mobile etc., contains PC, ABS,HIPS, PS. Processed Type-I plastics to form mixed plastics togain virgin properties, tested, value product developed fromderived plastics and patented.,

o Type 2: 20.5%: Hetero-genous type: (combination ofthermoplastics/thermosets & metals): connectors, catridge, etc.,

o Type 3: 3.5%: Thermoset plastics containing BFR, fillers &heavy metals

• Processing technology to recovery and conversion of Plasticsfrom WEEE to value added products was successfully developedat CIPET, Bhubaneswaro 7 categories of plastics (ABS, HIPS, PC, PP, PVC, nylons,

Epoxy, phenolic, Polyesters etc.) are found. Segregated them 3Types

o Type 1: Homogenous type (76%) : monitor housing, mousecover floppy disk, keyboards, mobile etc., contains PC, ABS,HIPS, PS. Processed Type-I plastics to form mixed plastics togain virgin properties, tested, value product developed fromderived plastics and patented.,

o Type 2: 20.5%: Hetero-genous type: (combination ofthermoplastics/thermosets & metals): connectors, catridge, etc.,

o Type 3: 3.5%: Thermoset plastics containing BFR, fillers &heavy metals

Fig. Plastic compostion & percentage

ABS23.0%

ABS/PC13.0%ABS/PS

3.0%

ABS/FR19.0%

PS9.0%

HIPS8.0%

PVC2.0%

PC1.0%

Bakelite13.0%

PMMA1.0%

Epoxy8.0%

WEEE-Plastics CompositionPrinter Housing PCMonitor bottom stand PCMonitor outer cover PC+ABS (85%,15%)Monitor back cover PCKey board bottom plate (1) HIPSTV housing ABS+PS (90%,10%)CPU casing PC+ABS (85%,15%)Speaker box outer cover PCMouse cover PC

Interesting Results on WEEE Plastics (CIPET, Bhubaneswar)Interesting Results on WEEE Plastics (CIPET, Bhubaneswar)

Fig. Plastic compostion & percentage

ABS23.0%

ABS/PC13.0%ABS/PS

3.0%

ABS/FR19.0%

PS9.0%

HIPS8.0%

PVC2.0%

PC1.0%

Bakelite13.0%

PMMA1.0%

Epoxy8.0%

Mouse cover PCTelephone casing PCKey board bottom plate (2) PS/ABS (10%,90%)

• Toxicity analysis conducted on recycled composition to know presence of heavymetals using chemical extraction method followed by GC-MS, Ramanspectroscopy, AAS in reputed labs.

• No liberation of toxic gases observed from BFR grade plastics at the processingtemperature of 240 oC to 260 oC.

• BFR plastics are stable in processing temperature and the liberation/ leachingof BFR can only take place if the plastics are incinerated in open environmentbeyond 300 oC.

Master batch developed from e-waste plastics for value added product

Electronic Meter Cover

Adaptor Components

Technology Deployment at CIPET, Bhubaneswar

o Technology transfer in process

Adaptor Components

Blended materials

RoHS Testing & Certification Facility: CMET, Hyderabad-Only Government LAB

InstrumentInstrument FunctionFunction

Inductively CoupledPlasma- MassSpectrometer

(ICP-MS)

Measure trace analysis of hazardous elements likeCadmium, Mercury, Lead, Arsenic, Selenium atnanogram-per-liter (ng/l) or part-per trillion (ppt)level

Ion Chromatography

( IC)

Determines ions Cr (+3 ) & Cr (+6) at the ppblevel presence in WEE equipment

Gas Chromatograph –Mass Spectrometer(GC-MS)

Detect brominated compounds at trace level.(brominated flame retardants (PolybrominatedBiphenyles, Polybromonated Diphenyl Ethers)

Gas Chromatograph –Mass Spectrometer(GC-MS)

Detect brominated compounds at trace level.(brominated flame retardants (PolybrominatedBiphenyles, Polybromonated Diphenyl Ethers)

Energy Dispersive X-rayFluorescenceSpectrometer (EDXRF)

Analyze hazardous elements Pb, Cd, Hg, total Cr &Br (RoHS) in ppm levels analysis in a non-destructive way

Atomic AbsorptionSpectroscopy(AAS)

Determine the concentration of a specific metalelement in a sample and to analyze theconcentration of over 70 different metals in asolution.

UV-VISSpectrophotometer

For hexavalent chromium analysis

Other Accessories for Sample Preparation

Crushing MachineUltra Centrifugal Mill Muffle Furnace

Pelletizer

RoHS Testing & Certification Facility: CMET, Hyderabad

Soxhlet ExtractorMicrowave DigestionNanopure water system

Rotary evaporator

More Details: http://www.cmet.gov.in/htmldocs/RoHS-Brocher.pdf

EU’s directive to RoHS Directive, effected since July 1, 2006 & E-Waste Rules, 2010 in Indiaenforced from 01.5.14 to restrict lead, mercury, cadmium, hexavalent chromium, or the flameretardants PBB and PBDE in electrical and electronic equipment

NABL accreditated ( T-1780) RoHS facility for the certification as per ISO/IEC 17025:2005standard

Major IssuesMajor Issues

• Electronics hardware requirement for India would be ~ 400 BnUSD by 2020. Consumption of electrical equipments are alsogrowing.

• Growth of end-of-life products would bound to increase• Leveraging the effective collection by informal sectors• Informal sector however using primitive means to extract precious

metals• Dismantling & Segregation till PCB stage are fairly acceptable in

India environmental point of view• PCB is exported to foreign countries to extract precious metals.

India losing its resource.• Creation of Demonstration Units with indigenous technology

recycle PCB could be immediate solution• It would also reduce the work load of MoEF&CC to give

permission to the exporters of PCB to western countries forrecycling

• Electronics hardware requirement for India would be ~ 400 BnUSD by 2020. Consumption of electrical equipments are alsogrowing.

• Growth of end-of-life products would bound to increase• Leveraging the effective collection by informal sectors• Informal sector however using primitive means to extract precious

metals• Dismantling & Segregation till PCB stage are fairly acceptable in

India environmental point of view• PCB is exported to foreign countries to extract precious metals.

India losing its resource.• Creation of Demonstration Units with indigenous technology

recycle PCB could be immediate solution• It would also reduce the work load of MoEF&CC to give

permission to the exporters of PCB to western countries forrecycling

Demonstration Plant on PCB Recycling at BangaloreDemonstration Plant on PCB Recycling at Bangalore

Major Targeted Deliverables

• Establish indigenous processing capability of PCB. To stop export forprocessing/ conserve the resources.

• Demonstration of recovery of metals, such as, Cu, Au, Ag and Pd fromprinted circuit boards (30mT per annum).

• Serving the informal sector by extending facility for recovery of metalswith direct economic and ecological benefits.

• Development of process methodologies for the cost effective recovery ofmetals copper, gold, palladium and silver on production scale

• Feasibility study for the recovery of metals such as Ta, Nb, In, Co andPlatinum group metals.

• Process development for recycle Li-ion batteries, used in mobile phonesand laptops.

Total Outlay: Rs. 11.27 Cr. Project Duration : 5Yrs. 2014-2019(DeitY: Rs. 8.00Cr, GoK: 0.75Cr. C-MET: Rs.1.3Cr., E-parisara: Rs.1.04 Cr.

Major Targeted Deliverables

• Establish indigenous processing capability of PCB. To stop export forprocessing/ conserve the resources.

• Demonstration of recovery of metals, such as, Cu, Au, Ag and Pd fromprinted circuit boards (30mT per annum).

• Serving the informal sector by extending facility for recovery of metalswith direct economic and ecological benefits.

• Development of process methodologies for the cost effective recovery ofmetals copper, gold, palladium and silver on production scale

• Feasibility study for the recovery of metals such as Ta, Nb, In, Co andPlatinum group metals.

• Process development for recycle Li-ion batteries, used in mobile phonesand laptops.

• Few such Units with Government/ Private participation wouldbe sufficient for present need

• Opex (operational cost, electricity, power, water) to certainextent land, if required, other logistics could be shared

• State could channelize materials recycled at informal sectorthrough environmentally sound technology

• State could recover/retain its valuable resources, preciousmetals

• Generate employment• Equipments could be locally developed• Informal operators could be motivated to utilize this facility &

continue the business• Protect environment• Formal sector could also be benefited by recycling their PCBs

in India• The facility can be also utilized for stripping cables, wire, CFL,

Florescence tube for safe recovery

PCB Recycling Demonstration PlantPCB Recycling Demonstration Plant

• Few such Units with Government/ Private participation wouldbe sufficient for present need

• Opex (operational cost, electricity, power, water) to certainextent land, if required, other logistics could be shared

• State could channelize materials recycled at informal sectorthrough environmentally sound technology

• State could recover/retain its valuable resources, preciousmetals

• Generate employment• Equipments could be locally developed• Informal operators could be motivated to utilize this facility &

continue the business• Protect environment• Formal sector could also be benefited by recycling their PCBs

in India• The facility can be also utilized for stripping cables, wire, CFL,

Florescence tube for safe recovery

Working Group on EWorking Group on E--wastewaste

Major Highlights

• Parliamentary Standing Committee on IT (2011-12) had directed DeitY toengange in “Policy issues on e-waste including coordination with MoEFC andindustry to tackle the issue of huge quantum of e-waste generated in thecountry.”

• In pursuit, DeitY has formed a Working Group on e-Waste, involving MoEFC,DoT, Industry associations and GiZ, Teri to devise an action plan and strategyto address this issue.

• WG captures views to suggest mechanism for smoother implementation of ‘E-waste Rule’ for regulators and also for manufactures, recyclers and consumersseamlessly without burdening environment.

• Technology plays an important role for e-waste disposal as well as extraction ofprecious metals and other resources from the end-of-life equipments.

• DeitY already initiated a demonstration plant to showcase its developedtechnology for PCB recycling in India. A funding mechanism needs to becreated to promote such demonstration units.

Major Highlights

• Parliamentary Standing Committee on IT (2011-12) had directed DeitY toengange in “Policy issues on e-waste including coordination with MoEFC andindustry to tackle the issue of huge quantum of e-waste generated in thecountry.”

• In pursuit, DeitY has formed a Working Group on e-Waste, involving MoEFC,DoT, Industry associations and GiZ, Teri to devise an action plan and strategyto address this issue.

• WG captures views to suggest mechanism for smoother implementation of ‘E-waste Rule’ for regulators and also for manufactures, recyclers and consumersseamlessly without burdening environment.

• Technology plays an important role for e-waste disposal as well as extraction ofprecious metals and other resources from the end-of-life equipments.

• DeitY already initiated a demonstration plant to showcase its developedtechnology for PCB recycling in India. A funding mechanism needs to becreated to promote such demonstration units.

Working Group on EWorking Group on E--wastewaste--cont.cont.

1st WG meeting held on 19.09.2014 at DeitY following decisions taken:

• Sub-groups are formed. Sub Group-I on compliance standards for theproducers, recyclers and consumers (GIZ, TERI, MAIT, CPCB). Sub Group-II: SOP and standardise the self authorization of producers after reviewingexisting EPR (ICA, MAIT, ELCINA). Sub Group-III: framework forassessing e-waste, initiate study on the actual quantum of e-waste (CPCB,SPCB, ICA, MAIT and ELCINA) Sub Group-IV: mechanism for registration,de-registration and process of registration for equipments and auditingmethods for non-complaints (CPCB, ICA, MAIT and ELCINA)

• SG’s to review: SOP for authorization, auditing norms, process of registrationstandards for recyclers, volume of the e-waste, standard of EPR with definedquantum. Important input for framing CPCB guidelines and the functioningof SPCB in various states.

• Periodic study of the soil, water and human health should also be carried outby CPCB. Funding could be shared jointly by DeitY, DoT and MoEF&CC.

• WG would promote the indigenous recycling technology to extract preciousmetals and other resource materials.

• DOT would consider modification of the license conditions for bulktelecommunication companies (mobile phone, broad band etc.) and theconsumers to be in build

1st WG meeting held on 19.09.2014 at DeitY following decisions taken:

• Sub-groups are formed. Sub Group-I on compliance standards for theproducers, recyclers and consumers (GIZ, TERI, MAIT, CPCB). Sub Group-II: SOP and standardise the self authorization of producers after reviewingexisting EPR (ICA, MAIT, ELCINA). Sub Group-III: framework forassessing e-waste, initiate study on the actual quantum of e-waste (CPCB,SPCB, ICA, MAIT and ELCINA) Sub Group-IV: mechanism for registration,de-registration and process of registration for equipments and auditingmethods for non-complaints (CPCB, ICA, MAIT and ELCINA)

• SG’s to review: SOP for authorization, auditing norms, process of registrationstandards for recyclers, volume of the e-waste, standard of EPR with definedquantum. Important input for framing CPCB guidelines and the functioningof SPCB in various states.

• Periodic study of the soil, water and human health should also be carried outby CPCB. Funding could be shared jointly by DeitY, DoT and MoEF&CC.

• WG would promote the indigenous recycling technology to extract preciousmetals and other resource materials.

• DOT would consider modification of the license conditions for bulktelecommunication companies (mobile phone, broad band etc.) and theconsumers to be in build

Future Road Path

Policy• E-waste Rule mandating the sale of materials to formal sector. Still

channelizing of e-waste to formal sector is a challenge. Appropriate financialmechanism needs to be devised.

• Devise a strategy to channelize the materials from MNCs,

• Devise a mechanism to incentivize collecting e-waste from state & centralGovt. offices, colleges, PSUs or work it out through policy measures

• To create interface with informal operators

• State machinery to collect materials from non-formal sector, and help invaluation of feed stock etc.

• Create major awareness programme

R&D• To recover Indium from ITO used in LCD Panel• To recover Rare-earth element from phosphors used in CFL, fluorescent tube,

CPT, magnet, motor, generator, wind turbine etc.• Recycling of lithium ion battery, Ni-Cd battery

Policy• E-waste Rule mandating the sale of materials to formal sector. Still

channelizing of e-waste to formal sector is a challenge. Appropriate financialmechanism needs to be devised.

• Devise a strategy to channelize the materials from MNCs,

• Devise a mechanism to incentivize collecting e-waste from state & centralGovt. offices, colleges, PSUs or work it out through policy measures

• To create interface with informal operators

• State machinery to collect materials from non-formal sector, and help invaluation of feed stock etc.

• Create major awareness programme

R&D• To recover Indium from ITO used in LCD Panel• To recover Rare-earth element from phosphors used in CFL, fluorescent tube,

CPT, magnet, motor, generator, wind turbine etc.• Recycling of lithium ion battery, Ni-Cd battery

EE--waste Awareness Programme: Digital India Programmewaste Awareness Programme: Digital India Programme

Objectivesa. Creation of contents for awareness programme:

• Training Material – Creation of training material for different stakeholder categorieswhich include – Schools, Youth, Bulk Consumers, RWAs, Informal Sector.

• Collaterals – Shall cover both ATL/BTL Activities

• Online/ Social Media Engagement

• Adaptation of all material in Local Language

b. Identifying Training Partners:

• Identification and selection partners in the identified states to implement the project

c. Implementation:

• The project shall cover 10 states which include – Madhya Pradesh, Uttar Pradesh,Jharkhand, Orissa, Goa, Bihar, Pondicherry, West Bengal, Assam and Manipur. Over thespan of the entire project duration, the project shall cover 1 city each from amongstthese states. The range of activities shall include:

• Workshops for schools/colleges/RWAs/ Bulk Consumers/ Regulatory bodies

• Media Engagement

d. Inventory study of quantum of e-waste in few specific cities

Objectivesa. Creation of contents for awareness programme:

• Training Material – Creation of training material for different stakeholder categorieswhich include – Schools, Youth, Bulk Consumers, RWAs, Informal Sector.

• Collaterals – Shall cover both ATL/BTL Activities

• Online/ Social Media Engagement

• Adaptation of all material in Local Language

b. Identifying Training Partners:

• Identification and selection partners in the identified states to implement the project

c. Implementation:

• The project shall cover 10 states which include – Madhya Pradesh, Uttar Pradesh,Jharkhand, Orissa, Goa, Bihar, Pondicherry, West Bengal, Assam and Manipur. Over thespan of the entire project duration, the project shall cover 1 city each from amongstthese states. The range of activities shall include:

• Workshops for schools/colleges/RWAs/ Bulk Consumers/ Regulatory bodies

• Media Engagement

d. Inventory study of quantum of e-waste in few specific cities

EcoEco--Park for managing EPark for managing E--waste inwaste inEnvironmental FriendlyEnvironmental Friendly-- proposedproposed

Eco-Park

PlasticProcessing Unit

MetalExtraction Unit

EffluentTreatment Unit

Evaluators

PCB, IC,Components

Plastics

e-waste

Collector/s

Dismantlers & Segregators Paymentbased quality

Metal & other scrapfor normalprocessing

Global Demand of Rare Earth Elements

Spent Fluorescent Lamps (FLs)

Waste Phosphors

Acid Leaching (H2SO4)

Sulfate solution of Eu, Y,Ce & Tb and other metals

as impurities

Solvent Extraction

Phosphor FormulaElement Content (%)

O Y Eu Al Mg Ba Ce Tb

RED Y2O3 : Eu3+ 17.5 67.2 6.5

Green CeMgAl10O17 : Tb3+

42.6 31.3 5.7 9.5 5.3

Tentative Process Flow ChartTentative Process Flow ChartChemical composition of pure tri-color phosphors

Solvent Extraction

Rare Earth nitrates

Rare Earth Oxides

Calcination

CeMgAl10O17 : Tb3+

Blue BaMgAl10O17 : Eu2+

42.3 1.9 32.4 2.7 12.4Mg, Al, Ba(Aqueous

phase)

Y, Eu, Tb, Ce(Organic

phase)

Global applications of Indium

Waste LCDsWaste LCDs

DismantlingDismantling

Plastics,Metals & PCBS

Plastics,Metals & PCBS

LCD PanelLCD Panel BacklightsBacklights

Recovery of Indium from LCD

Dismantling of LCD

Plastics,Metals & PCBS

Cutting & DissolvingCutting & Dissolving

Glass with PolarizerGlass with Polarizer

Crushing and SeparationCrushing and Separation

ITO GlassITO Glass polarizerpolarizer

Liquid CrystalsLiquid Crystals

1M H2SO4 Leaching of LCD Glass

Extraction8% D2EHPA,90% Kerosene, 2% 1-

Decanol

Raffinate(Cu, Zn, Al) Extract

Recovery of Indium from LCD-cont.Recovery of In by solvent extraction method

Raffinate(Cu, Zn, Al) Extract

Raffinate(In, Fe, Sn)

Strip(1M HCL)

Scrub(1M H2SO4)

Organicphase Strip (In)

ConclusionConclusion

• Globally, fully automated route using separation, pulverization,extraction metallurgy is used.

• These technologies are of high cost and energy intensive

• Demands massive quantity of input feed (e-waste)

• Prone to loss of some precious metals like tantalum, palladium,platinum, strontium, indium present in ppm level if notsegregated at early stage

• Manual (human centric) and semi-automated technology could beconsidered effective for India

• DeitY is aiming to harness technology solution which wouldinvolve segregation, depopulation of PCB, followed byprocessing of individual components category

• Appropriate R&D led process to be developed for effectiverecovery of other waste materials also

• Globally, fully automated route using separation, pulverization,extraction metallurgy is used.

• These technologies are of high cost and energy intensive

• Demands massive quantity of input feed (e-waste)

• Prone to loss of some precious metals like tantalum, palladium,platinum, strontium, indium present in ppm level if notsegregated at early stage

• Manual (human centric) and semi-automated technology could beconsidered effective for India

• DeitY is aiming to harness technology solution which wouldinvolve segregation, depopulation of PCB, followed byprocessing of individual components category

• Appropriate R&D led process to be developed for effectiverecovery of other waste materials also

Thank YouThank You