sustainable mob en

8/14/2019 Sustainable Mob En

1/17

Takeshi Uchiyamada

Executive Vice President

Toyota Motor Corporation

December 14, 2009

Takeshi Uchiyamada

Executive Vice President

Toyota Motor Corporation

December 14, 2009

Toyotas R&D Activitiesfor Realizing Sustainable Mobility

Toyotas R&D Activitiesfor Realizing Sustainable Mobility


2/17

Demand foralternative fuels

Oil demand

Oild

emand&supply(Millionb/d)

Synthetic-fuelGTL/CTL

Super heavy oil

TMC estimate

CNG

Electricity/Hydrogen

Alte

rnativeenerg

ysupplypote

ntial

(Millionb/d)

Gap between oil demand and supply will expand gradually in near future

Alternative fuels will be desirable

Bio-fuel

Oil supply

Demand & Supply Potential for Alternative FuelsDemand & Supply Potential for Alternative FuelsDemand & Supply Potential for Alternative Fuels


3/17

CoalCoal

BiomassBiomass

Nuclear

energy

Nuclear

energy

Natural

gas

Natural

gas

20102010 20302030

Technology improvement of gasoline vehicles and diesel vehiclesOilOil

ICE

Internalcombustion

engine

ICE

Internalcombustion

engine

EVEV

FCHVFCHV

Gasoline and DieselGasoline and Diesel(from conventional oil fields)(from conventional oil fields)

Gasoline and DieselGasoline and Diesel(from deep(from deep--sea oil fields, oilsea oil f ields, oil

shales, etc.)shales, etc.)

Hydro,

Solar,Geothermal

energy

Hydro,

Solar,Geothermal

energy

Electricity

Electricity

generation

generation

Hydroge

n

Hydrogen

production

producti

on

GasGas

Synthetic fuelsSynthetic fuels(GTL/CTL/BTL)(GTL/CTL/BTL)

Bioethanol/biodieselBioethanol/biodiesel

ElectricityElectricity

HydrogenHydrogen

Drilling and refiningtechnology and cost

Build infrastructureGas storage technology

CO2 reduction technology(during production of fuel)

Gasification/synthetic technology /

cost

Stabilize supply

Obtain desired propertiesTechnologyutilizing cellulose

CO2 reduction technology(thermal power station)

Electrical storagetechnology for EV

Electrical storagetechnology forPHVs and EVs

Infrastructuredevelopment

CO2 reductiontechnology (duringhydrogen production)

Hydrogen storagetechnology / cost

Infrastructuredevelopment

Each alternative fuel has several issues, meaning oil will remainmain fuel for some time, with l iquid fuels and non-liquid fuels coexisting

Future Fuel Issues2009

Scenarios for Response to Environmental and Energy IssuesScenarios for Response to Environmental and Energy Issues


4/17

55

1010

00

(35MPa)(35MPa)

CNG

(20Mpa)

CNG

(20Mpa)(70MPa)(70MPa)

Energy density of Li-ion battery is 1/50 of gasoline

EthanolEthanol

GasolineGasoline

DieselDiesel

Gaseous fuelGaseous fuelBatteryBattery Liquid fuelsLiquid fuels

High-pressurehydrogen gas

High-pressurehydrogen gas

SuperiorSuperior

InferiorInferior

Lithium-ion

batteries

Lithium-ion

batteries

Nickel-metal

hydride batteries

Nickel-metal

hydride batteries

Volumeenerg

ydensity

(gas

oline=10)

Volumeenergydensity

(gas

oline=10)

(Toyotas calculations)(Toyotas calculations)

Comparison of Energy DensityComparison of Energy Density


5/17

TOYOTA e-comOYOTA e-com

TOYOTA RAV4 EVOYOTA RAV4 EV

20122012

EV Issues1) Cruising range, 2) cost, 3) charging time,

4) dedicated charging infrastructure

Not even latest lithium-ion batteries

can solve EV issues

EV Issues1) Cruising range, 2) cost, 3) charging t ime,

4) dedicated charging infrastructure

Not even latest lithium-ion batteries

can solve EV issues

Electric Vehicle (EV)Electric Vehicle (EV)

Important to take practical approach regarding pure EV cruising range

Focus should be on achieving widespread use of EVs

as short-distance vehicles


6/17

Plug-in Hybrid Vehicle (PHV) MeritsPlug-in Hybrid Vehicle (PHV) Merits

EV (general passenger car)

Surplus-size battery to cope with anxiety

over cruising distance

EV (general passenger car)

Surplus-size battery to cope with anxiety

over cruising distance

Plug-in Hybrid merits:Plug-in Hybrid merits:

Use a hybrid system to

eliminate EV usability concerns

Use a hybrid system to

eliminate EV usability concerns


7/17

Household electricity(100V200V)Household electricity(100V200V)

Larger battery capacity than Prius; can be recharged from external power source

Serve as EV for commuting; serve as hybrid vehicle for longer drives

BatteryMotor

Engine

Fuel Tank

Gas stationGas station

PHV ConceptPHV Concept


8/17

Approximately 50% of drivers travel less than 25km per day

Distance traveled daily (km)

100

0

20

40

60

80

10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100

Frequency

%

Results of road tests

by PHV prototype

Results of road tests

by PHV prototype

Period:from August 2007

Data recorded through road tests in JapanData recorded through road tests in Japan

Cumulative

PHV Road TestPHV Road Test

Base : 2nd generationBase : 2nd generation
http://public-domain-archive.com/national/country.php?target=32


9/17

PRIUS PLUGPRIUS PLUG--IN HYBRIDIN HYBRID

PRIUS PLUG-IN HYBRID (PHV)PRIUS PLUG-IN HYBRID (PHV)


10/17

Engine displacement / max. powerEngine displacement / max. power

System max. powerSystem max. power

Hybrid fuel economyHybrid fuel economy

BatteryBattery

EV driving rangeEV driving range

Plug-in hybrid fuel economyPlug-in hybrid fuel economy

1,797cc / 73kW 99PS1,797cc / 73kW 99PS100kW (136PS)100kW (136PS)

30.6km/L30.6km/L

Li-ion batteryLi-ion battery

23.4km23.4km

57.0km/L57.0km/L

Charging timeCharging timeApprox. 100 min (200V)

Approx. 180 min (100V)



measured in JC08 test cycle

PRIUS PLUG-IN HYBRID SpecificationsPRIUS PLUG-IN HYBRID Specifications

Motor max. powerMotor max. power 60kW (82PS)60kW (82PS)


11/17

EU200 Japan230U.S.A.150

France, UK, Portugal,Germany, Netherlands, etc.France, UK, Portugal,Germany, Netherlands, etc.

Approximately 600 vehicles are launched for Japan, U.S.A., EU,

etc, starting from December 2009.

Others20

Prius Plug-in Hybrid Countries of AvailabilityPrius Plug-in Hybrid Countries of Availability


12/17

Volume: Several tens of thousands

Price: Affordable/Reasonable

Volume: Several tens of thousands

Price: Affordable/Reasonable

Aiming to begin sales in two yearsAiming to begin sales in two years

PHV Expansion PlanPHV Expansion Plan


13/17

Promote vehicle electricity use through

short-distance EVs and core-use PHVs

To be launched in 2012To be launched in 2012

PHVPHV

Market introductionMarket introduction startsstarts at end ofat end of

2009 mainly in Japan, U.S.A. and EU2009 mainly in Japan, U.S.A. and EU

Short-distance EVShort-distance EV

Enhance Electricity Use in PHV & EVEnhance Electricity Use in PHV & EV


14/17

Cold Weather Starting PerformanceCold Weather Starting PerformanceCruising RangeCruising Range

Long distance driving test from Osaka to Tokyo Cold weather test in Canada (Yellowknife)

Started and driven in temperaturesas low as 30 Celsius

Practical cruising range :830km for 10-15 test cycle

on par with a gasol ine-powered vehicle

- Toyota FCHV market introduction: 2015 (aim)

- Toyota will actively cooperate with all parties concerned to address

other important hurdles toward market introduction,including development of hydrogen supply infrastructure.

Fuel Cell Vehicle InitiativesFuel Cell Vehicle Initiatives


15/17

HV

PHV

FCHV

FCHV(BUS)

Passenger cars Route buses

Short-distance

vehicles

EV

Winglet

Vehicle size

Delivery

trucks

Heavy-duty

trucks

Small delivery

vehicles

Motorcycles

FCHVs

EVs

HVs & PHVs with

internal combustion engine

Driving

distance

Gasol ine, diesel, bio-fuels, compressed

natural gas, gas to liquids, coal to liquids, etc.ElectricityFuel Hydrogen

EVsEVs: short: short--distance vehicles;distance vehicles; HVsHVs andand PHVsPHVs with ICE: widewith ICE: wide--use vehicles;use vehicles;FCHVsFCHVs: medium: medium--toto--large vehicles.large vehicles.

Response to Environmental and Energy IssuesResponse to Environmental and Energy Issues

i-REAL


16/17

Hybrid technology in PHVs, EVs and FCHVs

Battery

Battery

FC

stack

Engine

Battery

Fuel

tank

Motor

Battery

HVV FCHVCHV

PHVHV

EVV

Engine

Motor

Motor

Fuel

tank

Fuel

tankEngine

H2 tank

Motor

Response to Environmental and Energy IssuesResponse to Environmental and Energy Issues


17/17

TODAY for TOMORROWTODAY for TOMORROW

sustainable mob en

Documents