sustainable environmental design education a curriculum model for architects and landscape...
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SUSTAINABLE SUSTAINABLE ENVIRONMENTAL ENVIRONMENTAL DESIGN DESIGN EDUCATIONEDUCATION
A CURRICULUM MODEL FOR ARCHITECTS A CURRICULUM MODEL FOR ARCHITECTS AND LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTSAND LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTS
American Solar Energy Society (ASES) National Passive Conference, Austin, TX June 2003American Solar Energy Society (ASES) National Passive Conference, Austin, TX June 2003
BackgroundBackground
In 2000, the Governor of the State of In 2000, the Governor of the State of California issued Executive Order D-16-00 California issued Executive Order D-16-00 that seeks to reduce costs and improve that seeks to reduce costs and improve environmental performance of state buildings environmental performance of state buildings in all phases of construction operations and in all phases of construction operations and maintenance.maintenance.
Scope of WorkScope of Work
The California Integrated Waste Management The California Integrated Waste Management Board (CIWMB) together with the College of Board (CIWMB) together with the College of Architecture and Environmental Design at Cal Architecture and Environmental Design at Cal Poly-San Luis Obispo (CAED) are undertaking Poly-San Luis Obispo (CAED) are undertaking a project to improve the adoption of a project to improve the adoption of sustainable environmental design principles in sustainable environmental design principles in higher education and industry continuing higher education and industry continuing education programs in landscape and education programs in landscape and architecturearchitecture
DefinitionsDefinitions
““Sustainable environmental design” consists of Sustainable environmental design” consists of the the principles and practicesprinciples and practices of architecture of architecture and landscape architecture that protect and landscape architecture that protect environmental qualityenvironmental quality and and human healthhuman health, , reducereduce environmental impacts environmental impacts resulting from resulting from physical changes to buildings and physical changes to buildings and landscapes, and improve the landscapes, and improve the life-cycle life-cycle economicseconomics of natural, human, and financial of natural, human, and financial investments in the built and natural investments in the built and natural environment.environment.
Ecole des Beaux ArtsEcole des Beaux ArtsThis academy, founded in 1733, This academy, founded in 1733,
defined Architecture as one of defined Architecture as one of the Fine Arts and courses the Fine Arts and courses
were structured accordingly. were structured accordingly. In the 19th Century the Ecole In the 19th Century the Ecole
became the most influential became the most influential architectural school in the architectural school in the
world. It became the model world. It became the model for schools in every Western for schools in every Western
country. Most well known country. Most well known American architects of the American architects of the 19th century studied there 19th century studied there
and most pre-WWII curricula and most pre-WWII curricula in the U.S. were based on the in the U.S. were based on the
Beaux Arts format.Beaux Arts format.
BauhausBauhausThe Bauhaus was founded in The Bauhaus was founded in 1919 by Walter Gropius as a 1919 by Walter Gropius as a counter to the established counter to the established academies. It was based on academies. It was based on the idea of Architecture and the idea of Architecture and Design being a functional Design being a functional element as part of an element as part of an increasingly industrialized increasingly industrialized society. It was extraordinarily society. It was extraordinarily influential in the Modern influential in the Modern Movement. After World War II Movement. After World War II most American Schools most American Schools changed to a Bauhaus inspired changed to a Bauhaus inspired curriculum model.curriculum model.
Comparison of Three SituationsComparison of Three Situations
ASPECTASPECT
BEAUX ARTSBEAUX ARTS
Model AModel A
BAUHAUSBAUHAUS
Model BModel B
PRESENTPRESENT
Model CModel C
1. Defined by:1. Defined by: Western Western civilizationcivilization
International International industrializationindustrialization SustainabilitySustainability
2. Major 2. Major concern:concern: StyleStyle FundamentalsFundamentals HolismHolism
3. Resulting in 3. Resulting in an emphasis an emphasis
on:on:
Cultural Cultural continuitycontinuity AbstractionAbstraction ContextContext
4. Within a 4. Within a setting of:setting of:
Traditional Traditional European citiesEuropean cities
New urban New urban planning theoriesplanning theories
Planet as a Planet as a wholewhole
ComparisonComparison (continued) (continued)
ASPECTASPECT
BEAUX ARTSBEAUX ARTS
Model AModel A
BAUHAUSBAUHAUS
Model BModel B
PRESENTPRESENT
Model CModel C
5. Applying 5. Applying disciplines of:disciplines of:
Art, literature, Art, literature, and archeologyand archeology
Euclidean Euclidean geometry and geometry and
mechanicsmechanics
Ecology, and Ecology, and information information
theorytheory
6. Achieving 6. Achieving expression by:expression by:
Visual Visual compositioncomposition
Function and Function and structurestructure
Diversity and Diversity and connectivityconnectivity
7. With 7. With aesthetics aesthetics
emphasizing:emphasizing:
Harmony, Harmony, proportion, and proportion, and
scalescale
Simplicity of Simplicity of geometry, geometry,
materials, and materials, and structurestructure
Complexity and Complexity and fluidityfluidity
8. Requiring 8. Requiring skills in:skills in:
Drawing and Drawing and presentationpresentation
Analysis and Analysis and drawingdrawing
System thinking System thinking and synthesisand synthesis
ComparisonComparison (continued) (continued)
ASPECTASPECT
BEAUX ARTSBEAUX ARTS
Model AModel A
BAUHAUSBAUHAUS
Model BModel B
PRESENTPRESENT
Model CModel C
9. To reach the 9. To reach the objective of:objective of: BeautyBeauty FunctionFunction HealthHealth
10. To help 10. To help define a cultural define a cultural
era of:era of:
Agriculture, Agriculture, husbandry, and husbandry, and
tradetrade
Science, Science, industry, and industry, and commercecommerce
Information, Information, sustainability, sustainability,
global commerce global commerce and equityand equity
Methodology: two approachesMethodology: two approaches
Survey Model
info info
Analysis of informationImplications of topicsRelationships between topicsCase StudiesHierarchy of subjects
Construction of Proposed Curriculum Model
ConcernsTopicsTests
ImplicationsImplicationsSPECTRUM OF
DEFINITIONS
CONCEPTS
SOME DESIGN
CONSIDERATIONS
Planning for future generatio
ns and our own
SPECTRUM OF
DEFINITIONS Human activities
more integrated w/natural processes
More diverse
yet holistic systems
Cultural shift
Longer range
Reconnect to natural
processes & respond to
opportunities
Era of informatio
n & sustainabi
lity
HolismHolism
• Holism implies Holism implies integration of all the integration of all the partsparts to develop a condition where to develop a condition where the sum of the whole is greater the sum of the whole is greater than the parts, thus achieving than the parts, thus achieving synergy.synergy.
Context and Context and Setting of the Planet as a WholeSetting of the Planet as a Whole
• InterconnectionsInterconnections• Complex realityComplex reality
Underlying Disciplines & Underlying Disciplines & Skills EmphasizedSkills Emphasized
• Math (Fractal Geometry)Math (Fractal Geometry)• Information TheoryInformation Theory• EcologyEcology• Greater breadth of synthesisGreater breadth of synthesis
Achieving Expression & Achieving Expression & Aesthetic EmphasisAesthetic Emphasis
• ConnectivityConnectivity• DiversityDiversity• ComplexityComplexity• FluidityFluidity
HealthHealth
• EnvironmentalEnvironmental• EconomicEconomic• SocialSocial
GoalsGoals
• Help Achieve and Define a Help Achieve and Define a Cultural Era of Information, Cultural Era of Information, Sustainability, Global Commerce, Sustainability, Global Commerce, and Equityand Equity
LinkagesLinkages
Design courses
Core courses
Support courses
YEAR 1 2 3 4 5
II.Site and
microclimate design
III. Building andlandscapeecology
IV.ConstructabilityAnd Economics
V. Comprehensive
Design
Semester
DESIGNCOURSES
CORECOURSES
SUPPORTCOURSES
I.Foundation
design
1f
2f
5f
6f
4f 8f 3f 7f 9f 10f
Natural, cultural, +aesthetic systems
Natural, structural+ material systems
Natural, energy+ bio- resources
Cultural, economic+ legal systems
ALL systems + resources
See Outline of Topics for numeric and label references.
THE MURKY REALITYTHE MURKY REALITY
• The SurveyThe Survey• Case StudiesCase Studies• Topics & TemplatesTopics & Templates
TopicsTopics
Design Design andand…… • Natural SystemsNatural Systems• Cultural SystemsCultural Systems• Economic SystemsEconomic Systems• Information SystemsInformation Systems• Aesthetic SystemsAesthetic Systems• Structural SystemsStructural Systems• Material ResourcesMaterial Resources• Energy ResourcesEnergy Resources
Design and Natural SystemsDesign and Natural Systems
• planetary systems and dynamicsplanetary systems and dynamics• ethical issues and theoriesethical issues and theories• patterns and scalingpatterns and scaling• natural history and resourcesnatural history and resources• site analysis, site planning, and site site analysis, site planning, and site
designdesign• research methodsresearch methods
Design and Cultural SystemsDesign and Cultural Systems
• cultural ecology & cultural historycultural ecology & cultural history• social issues regarding the built social issues regarding the built
environmentenvironment• history of settlement patternshistory of settlement patterns• history of landscapes and landscape designhistory of landscapes and landscape design• history of architecture and constructionhistory of architecture and construction• architectural programmingarchitectural programming
Design and Economic SystemsDesign and Economic Systems
• triple bottom line accountingtriple bottom line accounting• ethics and economic issuesethics and economic issues• introduction to professional practiceintroduction to professional practice• regulatory conditionsregulatory conditions• operations of professional practiceoperations of professional practice• details of professional practicedetails of professional practice
Design and Information SystemsDesign and Information Systems
• communication and designcommunication and design• graphicsgraphics• electronic communicationelectronic communication• computer aided design and computer aided design and
presentationpresentation• drawingdrawing• research methodsresearch methods
Design and Aesthetic SystemsDesign and Aesthetic Systems
• history and philosophy of aestheticshistory and philosophy of aesthetics• paintingpainting• sculpturesculpture• craftscrafts• photographyphotography• computer artcomputer art
Design and Structural SystemsDesign and Structural Systems
• structural integrationstructural integration• building structural systemsbuilding structural systems• traditional structural materialstraditional structural materials• new structural materialsnew structural materials• construction techniquesconstruction techniques• structural detailing and specificationsstructural detailing and specifications
Design and Material ResourcesDesign and Material Resources
• aesthetics of materialsaesthetics of materials• water, waste and supplemental water, waste and supplemental
materialsmaterials• materials selectionmaterials selection• materials assembly techniquesmaterials assembly techniques• materials detailing and specificationsmaterials detailing and specifications
Design and Energy ResourcesDesign and Energy Resources
• bioclimatic design principalsbioclimatic design principals• building metabolismbuilding metabolism• passive heating and coolingpassive heating and cooling• natural lighting, natural ventilation, natural lighting, natural ventilation,
electrical generation possibilitieselectrical generation possibilities• calculations and modeling techniquescalculations and modeling techniques• mechanical backup systems mechanical backup systems
integrationintegration
TemplateTemplate
EXAMPLE OF A SPECIFIC TOPIC APPLIED TO OUR PROCESS
SOLAR GEOMETRY
The ivory tower of idealizedcurriculum
Aspects of: 1.sustainability2.holistic3. context4.planetary setting.
All imply that concepts and skillsof this topic are a basic necessity.
The murky reality of what'shappening via survey
If this topic is not mentioned inany of the survey replies, we canassume this is not given much emphasisin current teaching models.
HOW?
TEACHING THE BASICS OF DESIGNING WITH SOLAR GEOMETRY
TemplateTemplateTEACHING THE BASICS OF DESIGNING WITH SOLAR GEOMETRY
subtopics context
climaticfunctionalaesthetic
specific site information
specific site analysis
acceptance techniques
control techniques
exercisesurban contextlandscape contextarchitectural context
tools
magnetic declination chartsangle charts @ specificlattitudestopographic concernsshading concerns
descriptive geometrycomputer programsmodeling: sun pegs to heliodons
goals
The student must beable to :
1. understand the importanceof solar geometry to thedesign process.
2. evaluate solargeometry for a specific site
3. have the conceptualtools to manipulate 3-Dforms in order to optimizeacceptance or rejection ofsolar acceptance at anyseason
4. understand the qualitativetechniques available andhow they are used in modeling
Summary & ConclusionsSummary & Conclusions
Much like the revolutionary effect of the Beaux Much like the revolutionary effect of the Beaux Arts and Bauhaus traditions, sustainable design Arts and Bauhaus traditions, sustainable design is awaiting its debut as a cohesive design is awaiting its debut as a cohesive design pedagogy. The SEDE program is allowing for pedagogy. The SEDE program is allowing for the description and testing of a curriculum to the description and testing of a curriculum to teach the essential lessons of our era of teach the essential lessons of our era of diminishing resources and environmental diminishing resources and environmental quality.quality.
Summary Summary (continued)(continued)
It is anticipated that the “Idealized curriculum” It is anticipated that the “Idealized curriculum” will be especially helpful as a starting point for will be especially helpful as a starting point for generating specific curricula. As the survey generating specific curricula. As the survey data continue to come in, they will become data continue to come in, they will become more useful to inform the development of the more useful to inform the development of the final Sustainable Environmental Design final Sustainable Environmental Design Education Program.Education Program.
AcknowledgementsAcknowledgements
CIWMBCIWMB
Cal Poly Faculty & student assistantsCal Poly Faculty & student assistants
Rachel Aljlani, Scott Cochran, Travis HameraRachel Aljlani, Scott Cochran, Travis Hamera
And the host of advisors, formal and informal, on the project.And the host of advisors, formal and informal, on the project.