sustainable enviroment in mongolia
TRANSCRIPT
Environmentally Sustainable Transport in Ulaanbaatar City
Mongolia
Tsogt BATBAYARTsogt BATBAYAR
Capital City Governor and Mayor of Capital City Governor and Mayor of UlaanbaatarUlaanbaatar
Contents of PresentationContents of Presentation
1. Basic statistics of Ulaanbaatar
2. Overview of Transports in Ulaanbaatar
3. Environmental challenges facing Ulaanbaatar
4. The measures being taken in EST in Ulaanbaatar
5. The challenges facing for promoting EST in Ulaanbaatar
6. The strategies for promoting EST in Ulaanbaatar
Gashuunsukhait
Altanbulag
Khandgait
DARKHAN
DALANZADGAD
Khanbogd
DORNOGOVI
TUV
DUNDGOVI
MANDALGOVI
SUKHBAATARBichigt
Khavirga
DORNOD
Ereentsav
KHOVD
Yarant
Dayan
Ulaanbaishint
ULGII
OMNOGOVI
ZAVKHAN
GOVI-ALTAI
Burgastai
CHOIR
MURUN
BAYANKHONGOR
OVORKHANGAI
BAYANKHONGOR
Khankh
ERDENET
TSETSERLEG
ARVAIKHEER
ARKHANGAI
KHUVSGUL
BAYAN-ULGII
ULAANGOM
ULIASTAI
KHOVD
UVS
BULGAN
SAINSHAND
CHOIBALSAN
BARUUN-URT
UNDURKHAANZUUNMOD
KHENTII
SELENGEBULGAN
Zamiin-Uud
ALTAIGOVISUMBER
ULAANBAATAR
Baga-IlenkhArts suuri
1. Basic statistics of Ulaanbaatar
1.1. LOCATION OF CITIES
1.2. Ulaanbaatar – The Capital City of Mongolia1.2. Ulaanbaatar – The Capital City of Mongolia
• Territory – 470.444 ha, ca 0.3% of total territory
of Mongolia (156 426 424,6 ha)
• Administrative Districts: - 9
• Population: 987,200– 38.2% of the total population of
Mongolia
• Over 57% of the GDP is produced in the Capital City
• Ulaanbaatar City makes up one third of the Mongolian Government’s budget
1.3. Urbanization and population of UB1.3. Urbanization and population of UB
14.0
22.325.2 26.8
32.7 33.3 34.2 35.7 36.738.537.2
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
1956
1969
1979
1989
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
population of urban area UB
Rat
e of
UB
pop
ula
tion
to
the
tota
l pop
ula
tion
of
Mon
goli
a, b
y %
1.4. GDP per capita in 1.4. GDP per capita in UlaanbaatarUlaanbaatar
251.7321.1351.1392.3426.2460.1504.6547.2
717.8
1100 1100
0
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
1400
1600
1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006
UB MongoliaUSD
2.1. POPULATION AND VEHICLES IN UB
0
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
1400
1600
1800
2000
1990 2000 2005 2010 2015
Years
Pop
ula
tion
, th
ousa
nd
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
Veh
icle
, th
ousa
nd
Population
Vehicle
2. OVERVIEW OF PUBLIC TRANSPORT IN ULAANBAATAR
2.2. CITY PUBLIC TRANSPORT2.2. CITY PUBLIC TRANSPORT MODES MODES
2.3. Increasing of vehicles and road 2.3. Increasing of vehicles and road extensionsextensions
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
400
1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004
Years
Roa
d le
ngth
, km
0
10000
20000
30000
40000
50000
60000
70000
80000
Num
ber
of v
ehic
les
Road length, km Number of vehicles
2005
450 90000
Usage Usage duration duration / years // years /
Number and Number and percentage of percentage of
big and medium big and medium sized buses sized buses
Number and Number and percentage of percentage of
small sized small sized busesbuses
Number and Number and percentage of percentage of
taxistaxis
Up to 3Up to 3 37 37 (5. (5.33%)%) 9 9 (0.4%)(0.4%) 8 8 (0.6%)(0.6%)
3.13.1 - 7 - 7 47 47 ((6.76.7%)%) 21 21 (0.8%)(0.8%) 425 425 (29.4%)(29.4%)
7.1 –7.1 – 10 10 223311 (3 (333%)%) 230 230 ((99.5%).5%) 703703 (48.7%) (48.7%)
10.110.1 -- 15 15 26262 2 (3 (377..55%)%) 1970 1970 (81.0%)(81.0%) 307 307 (21.3%)(21.3%)
More than More than 1515
122122 (1(17.57.5%)%) 201201 (8.3%) (8.3%) --
ResultResult 6699 99 (100%)(100%) 2431 2431 (100%)(100%) 1443 (100%)1443 (100%)
2.4. Usage duration of big, medium and small sized buses
3. Environmental challenges in Ulaanbaatar
3.1. Air pollution3.1. Air pollution
3.2. Soil pollution3.2. Soil pollution
3.2. Water pollution3.2. Water pollution
3.1. Air pollution in Ulaanbaatar3.1. Air pollution in Ulaanbaatar
“Geography and Geology research center” NGO’s survey indicates the percentage of Ulaanbaatar City’s air pollution:
• Smoke from the ger-areas /Mongolian traditional dwellings/ 90%
• Heating power plants 6%• Vehicles 3%• Low pressure heating stoves 1%
3.1.1. Ulaanbaatar City’s air pollution
3.1.5. The most recent survey indicates the 3.1.5. The most recent survey indicates the percentage of Ulaanbaatar City’s air pollutionpercentage of Ulaanbaatar City’s air pollution
61 3
90
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
Heating power plant
Low pressureheating stoveVehicles
Ger-areas
3.2 Ulaanbaatar City’s soil pollution3.2 Ulaanbaatar City’s soil pollution
Each household residing in the ger-areas has their own toilets in their yards is the main reason that the soil is being polluted.
3.3 Ulaanbaatar City’s water 3.3 Ulaanbaatar City’s water pollutionpollution
Polluted water flowing into a Polluted water flowing into a riverriver
4. 4. The policies in transport sector to develop The policies in transport sector to develop EST in Ulaanbaatar CityEST in Ulaanbaatar City
1. Exploitation of liquid propane for vehicles1. Exploitation of liquid propane for vehicles
2. Encouraging the exploitation and manufacturing of trolley buses and electro buses for the public transport
2. Encouraging the exploitation and manufacturing of trolley buses and electro buses for the public transport
3. Introducing high-techs to decrease the toxic ingredients coming out of vehicles
3. Introducing high-techs to decrease the toxic ingredients coming out of vehicles
4. Putting “Eco” sign on vehicles4. Putting “Eco” sign on vehicles
4.1. Exploiting liquid propane4.1. Exploiting liquid propane
• The program “Liquid propane” was approved by the Mongolian Government’s decision number 140, in 2006.
• Measures are being taken to exploit liquid propane for public transport taxis, in order to carry out this program.
969 taxis of 30 companies of public taxi service are using liquid propane. Aiming to have the complete usage of liquid propane for the 1440 taxis, by the 2008.
• Aiming to have complete usage of liquid propane for the small sized buses in the public transportation of Ulaanbaatar City, starting from 2008.
4.1.1 VEHICLE STATUS
4.2. Manufacturing and using of trolley 4.2. Manufacturing and using of trolley buses and electro buses in public buses and electro buses in public
transporttransport
• Manufacturing 120 trolley buses in the year 2007-2009, in cooperation with the “MosGorTrans” state manufacturing authority of Russia.
• Mongolian “Electro vehicle” company manufactured 1 “JEA-800” trolley bus. The advantage is that the estimated manufacturing cost was less than the manufacturing cost in Europe and in Russia.
• Planning to manufacture 1 electro bus in 3 months period.
4.3. Using high-tech devices4.3. Using high-tech devices• The Mongolian-Japanese joint venture “Uni-Gas” is doing test on
the devices of benzin and liquid propane combination, manufactured in Italy, suitable for the Mongolian sharp continental and severe cold climate. This device is eliminating the problems for vehicles using liquid propane in the winter.
• This device is being placed free of charge, to the public transport vehicles. The cost of this device is 430$.
• This device is not being placed on some old vehicles due to security measures /securing from accidents of propane loss/
• Test is being made on “City Taxi” company’s taxis, by placing devices from China, that decreases the toxic ingredients coming out of vehicles and accelerates the burning, by increasing air access to the vehicles’ engine.
• Experts from “Community of research on electric techniques of
vehicles” are doing research on usage and cost of this device.
4.4. Promoting EST in Ulaanbaatar 4.4. Promoting EST in Ulaanbaatar CityCity
• More than 75% of the total vehicles trafficking in Ulaanbaatar City are more than 7 years old. Officials are planning to create favorable legal condition on promoting EST, by doing a city wide state inspection on vehicles and putting “Eco” sign on the technically approved vehicles, starting 2007.
• The vehicles without the “Eco” sign will be banned and limited for trafficking in Ulaanbaatar City.
5. 5. The challenges facing Ulaanbaatar City The challenges facing Ulaanbaatar City on promoting ESTon promoting EST
5.1. Limited legal condition5.2. Lack of road network and road usage in Ulaanbaatar City5.3. Traffic jams 5.4. Low livelihood of residents and price coordination of public transports5.5. Lack of financial resource on new
vehicle access in public transport
6. Strategies for promoting EST in public transport
- Developing a general plan on upgrading the public transport in the city
- Developing the conditions of legal and jurisdictional acts in public transport
- Providing equipments and technologies for the organizations serving in public transport
-Intensifying the work on placing devices decreasing toxic ingredients coming out of
vehicles
- Developing a technical project on decreasing toxic ingredients from vehicles with diesel
engines
- Vehicle taxation based on practical calculation on the vehicle’s road usage
6. Strategies for promoting EST in public transport
- Take measures to access the most effective methods and analyze the new relations on road
transport
- Road network extensions and improving of roads
6. Strategies for promoting EST in public transport
- Developing vehicle transportations based on land usage and regional development prospective
- Using the measures of “Transport needs management”
Thank you for your attention