sustainable development year 1 chemical engineers university of bath the state of the world - water...
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Sustainable Development
Year 1 Chemical Engineers University of Bath
The state of the world -water use in the mining industry
Updated 2009
Agenda
• What the future holds in terms of population, economy and resource demand
• What this means for the planet• Sustainable Development as a
response and its possible implications
• An introduction to the Assignment
World Population
0.00
1.00
2.00
3.00
4.00
5.00
6.00
7.00
8.00
9.00
10.00
20502040203020202010200019901980197019601950
Year
Billion
s
Population growth rates
0
0.5
1
1.5
2
2.5
1234567891011121314151617181920
decades 1950 - 2050
Perc
enta
ge
China, 292
South America,97
Africa, 308
Other Asia, 371
India, 212
Urban population growth 2005-25
Rio Tinto
Source: IISI, World Bank, Global InsightRio Tinto
Rio Tinto
Human Development Report 2007/8 UNDP Country Fact Sheets
The Gap between rich and poor
34%
17%
44%
5%
-ve income growth, more inequalities
+ve income growth, less ve inequalities
+ve income growth, more inequalities
-ve income growth, less inequalities
Inequality has increased in many countries, with or without growth -10
year comparison
World Development Indicators 2007 – World Bank – 59 countries on $1-2 per day
Agenda
What the future holds in terms of population, economy and resource demand
• What this means for the planet• Sustainable Development as a
response and its possible implications
• An introduction to the Assignment
OneOne
WorldWorld
http://assets.panda.org/downloads/living_planet_report_2008.pdf
http://assets.panda.org/downloads/living_planet_report_2008.pdf
What is happening to our planet
• Croplands, forests, grassland, wetlands and fisheries continue to decline
• Water availability changing
• CO2 etc levels continue to rise with consequent increase in climate variability
• Biodiversity decreasing• Poverty gap not closing• Global conflict increasing
http://assets.panda.org/downloads/living_planet_report_2008.pdf
Agenda
What the future holds in terms of population, economy and resource demand
What this means for the planet• Sustainable Development as a
response and its possible implications
• An introduction to the Assignment
The challenge
Continuing to grow the world’s economies to alleviate poverty without destroying the fundamental ecological systems which sustain life as we know it.
Tom Burke
Interpreting SD – In context
GlobalSustainable development is development that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs WCED (Brundtland), ‘Our Common Future’ 1987
Country, state, regionUK Government (2008) We want to live within environmental limits and ensure a strong, just and healthy society by means of a sustainable economy good governance and sound science. Priority areas are: sustainable production and consumption, climate change, natural resource protection and environmental enhancement and creating sustainable communities.
BusinessRössing, Uranium Mining company Namibia (company)ensuring that the positive developments taking place during the years of mining have a long lasting positive effect on the people of the region and Namibia building employees’ capacity to contribute to their future wellbeing minimise inevitable environmental impacts of mining are after closure remain enough natural resources for the children of future generations to have a livelihood in the region.
Individual to make and want to make sound choices in the face of the inherent complexity and uncertainty of the future.
Is the choice effective?
Is it just?
Is it modest?
Techno-economic
Social
Ecological
Sustainable Development Trade Offs
SD High groundA balance between T-ESE
So what of those future generations
• Being more efficient and careful now• Changing the nature of resources• Setting aside wealth for the future• Changing the nature of opportunity
• Or letting them take care of themselves when the time arrives
Chemical Engineer’s role
• We will use our skills to improve the quality of life: foster employment, advance economic and social development, and protect the environment.
• This challenge encompasses the essence of sustainable development. We will work to make the world a better place for future generations.
IChemE London communiqué
Efficiency Improvements
IndustryYears Efficiency gain
per unit of output
EU Chemical 1985-1996
34% less energy
US Chemical 1974-1998
43% less energy
European Paper 1975-1997
50-80% less water
European and Canadian Paper
1990-1998
10.5% less energy
Steel in OECD 1971-1991
20% less energyOECD 2001
Agenda
What the future holds in terms of population, economy and resource demand
What this means for the planetSustainable Development as a
response and its possible implications
• An introduction to the Assignment
Mine
Waste rock to store
Mine
Waste rock to store
Mineral treatme
nt
Haulage
Grinding
Mine
Waste rock to store
Mineral treatme
nt
Concentrate
Fine waste
(tailings) to store
For further
processing
Waste Disposal
Tailings Dam
http://www.rossing.com/environ_stewardship.htm
Assignment
• Prepare a statement on the global water situation.
• Calculate the water balance for a mining operation in a water stressed area
• Suggest how the balance can be improved
• Look for pitfalls in what you suggest
Useful Links
http://assets.wwf.org.uk/downloads/lpr_2008.pdf
www.guardian.co.uk/water/story/0,13790,1148543,00.htm
www.wbcsd.org (search for water reports under publications and reports)
http://www.unesco.org/water/wwap/wwdr/index.shtml