sustainable development - dhyeya ias · new kind of tiger reserve that is not built with fences and...

CURRENT AFFAIRS BY RAKSHIT CHARAN 1

SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT

‘CULTURAL MODEL’ OF CONSERVATION

Idu Mishmi Cultural and

Literary Society wrote that the

right strategy for the Dibang

Tigers would be to develop a

new kind of tiger reserve that

is not built with fences and

armed patrol guards, but

around a cultural model, a

culture so far proven to be

effective in saving the tigers.

The animist tribe of Arunachal Pradesh, who consider tigers their elder

brothers, fears that declaring Dibang Wildlife Sanctuary (DWS) as a tiger reserve

would impact their livelihood.

The 2014 tiger census reported 201 tigers in the northeastern hills and the

Brahmaputra plains, out which five were reported in DWS, which extends over

the Mishmi hills.

An area of 4129 sqkm of the 9129 sqkm Dibang Valley is designated as

Dibang Wildlife Sanctuary (DWS) but has not yet been named a tiger reserve.

Human activities are permissible inside wildlife sanctuaries. People are

allowed to graze cattle and collect forest produce. Settlements aren’t permitted

but rights over land are granted to their rightful holders. While in case of a

national park, grazing, settlement and other such human activities inside a national park are strictly prohibited.

Even collection of firewood and other forest produce isn’t allowed.

Application by Cultural model of conservation in different tribes of India

• Bishnoi Tribe of Rajasthan: Bishnois consider trees as sacred and protect the entire ecosystem including animals

and birds that exists in their villages. Tribe has organized their own Tiger Force which is a brigade of youth actively

pursue wildlife protection.

• Chenchu Tribe of Andhra Pradesh: They are involved in tiger conservation at Nagarjunasagar Srisailam Tiger

Reserve (NSTR).

• Maldhari Tribe in Junagadh(Gujarat): The success of lion conservation in Gir forest area is due to peaceful

coexistence of tribe with lions.

• Bugun Tribe of Arunachal Pradesh: They protect the critically endangered bird Bugun Liocichla. For its efforts

Singchung Bugun Community Reserve won the India Biodiversity Award 2018.

• Nyishi tribe of Arunachal Pradesh - Hornbills in the Pakke/Pakhui Tiger Reserve. Recently, government of

Arunachal Pradesh declared the Pakke Paga Hornbill Festival (PPHF)– the state’s only conservation festival, as a

‘state festival’.


KHANGCHENDZONGA BIOSPHERE RESERVE

• The Khangchendzonga

Biosphere Reserve, located in

norther part of sikkim has become

the 11th Biosphere Reserve from

India that has been included in

the UNESCO designated World

Network of Biosphere Reserves

(WNBR).

• The decision to include

Khangchendzonga Biosphere

Reserve in WNBR was taken at

the 30th Session of International

Coordinating Council (ICC) of Man

and Biosphere (MAB) Programme

of UNESCO held at Palembang,

Indonesia.

• India has 18 Biosphere

Reserves and with the inclusion of

Khangchendzonga, the number of

internationally designated WNBR

has become 11, with 7 Biosphere

Reserves being domestic

Biosphere Reserves.

• Khangchendzonga Biosphere Reserve includes a range of ecolines , varying from sub-tropic to Arctic, as well as

natural forests in different biomes, that support an immensely rich diversity of forest types and habitats.

• The core area of the Biosphere Reserve is a major transboundary Wildlife Protected Area.

• The southern and central landscape, which makes up 86% of the core area, is situated in the Greater Himalayas.

The northern part of the area accounts for 14% is characterized by trans-Himalayan features.

• Buffer zones are being developed to promote eco-tourism activities. Plantation and soil conservation work is also

being carried out.

• The core zone – Khangchendzonga National Park was designated a World Heritage Site in 2016 under the ‘mixed’

category. Many of the mountains, peaks, lakes, caves, rocks, Stupas (shrines) and hot springs function as

pilgrimage sites. Over 118 species of the large number of medicinal plants found in Dzongu Valley in north Sikkim

are of ethno-medical utility.

• The transition zone is targeted for eco-development activities, afforestation, plantation of medicinal herbs and soil

conservation measures.


PRADHAN MANTRI JI-VAN YOJANA

"Pradhan Mantri JI-VAN

(Jaiv Indhan- Vatavaran Anukool

fasal awashesh Nivaran) Yojana"

for providing financial support to

Integrated Bioethanol Projects

using lignocellulosic biomass and

other renewable feedstock.

Under this Yojana, 12

Commercial Scale and 10

demonstration scale Second

Generation (2G) ethanol Projects

will be provided a Viability Gap

Funding (VGF) support in two

phases:

a) Phase-I (2018-19 to

2022-23): wherein six commercial

projects and five demonstration

projects will be supported.

b) Phase-II (2020-21 to 2023-24): wherein remaining six commercial projects and five demonstration projects will be

supported.

The scheme focuses to incentivise 2G Ethanol sector and support this nascent industry by creating a suitable

ecosystem for setting up commercial projects and increasing Research & Development in this area.

The ethanol produced by the scheme beneficiaries will be mandatorily supplied to Oil Marketing Companies

(OMCs) to further enhance the blending percentage under EBP Programme.

Ministry of Petroleum & Natural Gas has targeted to achieve 10% blending of Ethanol in petrol by 2022.


INDIA’S FIRST OFFSHORE WIND POWER PROJECT

India’s first offshore wind power project is

to be set up in Gujarat.

An MOU for setting up a joint venture

company (JVC) for executing the demonstration

project has been signed by the Union Ministry of

New and Renewable Energy (MNRE), National

Institute of Wind Energy (NIWE) and a

consortium of public sector agencies.

The consortium comprises the National

Thermal Power Corporation (NTPC), Power Grid

Corporation of India Ltd (PGCIL), Indian

Renewable Energy Development Agency

(IREDA), Power Finance Corporation (PFC),

Power Trading Corporation (PTC), and Gujarat

Power Corporation Ltd (GPCL).

The project will be of about 100 MW

capacity.

In India, there is yet no commercial production of energy from off-shore wind farm. Two regions where

preliminary studies are conducted are off coast of Gujarat and Tamil Nadu which have shown significant potential.

MNRE has declared medium and long-term target for off-shore wind power capacity additions, which are 5 GW by

2022 and 30 GW by 2030

India has around 7,600 km of coastline, which offers great potential for offshore wind power development.


SOLAR CHARKHA MISSION

The Solar Charkha Mission is a Ministry of Micro Small & Medium Enterprises (MSME) initiative launched by President

Kovind in June 2018. The Khadi and Village Industries Commission (KVIC) would implement the programme.

The objectives of the Scheme are as follows:

To ensure inclusive growth by generation of

employment, especially for women and youth, and

sustainable development through solar charkha

clusters in rural areas.

To boost rural economy and help in arresting

migration from rural to urban areas.

To leverage low-cost, innovative technologies and

processes for sustenance.

The target is to cover 50 solar clusters across the

country, whereby approx. 1,00,000

artisans/beneficiaries are to be covered (each cluster will employ 400 to 2,000 artisans) under the various scheme

components. The scheme shall be implemented in all States of India.

The geographical distribution of the clusters throughout the country, with at least 10% located in the North Eastern Region

(NER), J&K and hilly states, will also be kept in view.

NATIONWIDE ‘STATE ENERGY EFFICIENCY PREPAREDNESS INDEX’ RELEASED

Bureau of Energy Efficiency (BEE) and Alliance for an Energy

Efficient Economy (AEEE), released the ‘State Energy

Efficiency Preparedness Index’, which assesses state policies

and programmes aimed at improving energy efficiency across

various sectors.

The nationwide Index, is a joint effort of the NITI Aayog

and BEE.

Developed by the BEE, these will serve as a standard

reference document for energy intensive industries and help

them achieve high operational efficiency of energy consuming utilities thereby improving their energy

performance.

It examines states’ policies and regulations, financing mechanisms, institutional capacity, adoption of energy

efficiency and energy savings.

Energy Efficiency Services Limited (EESL) is a joint venture of four national Public-SectorUndertakings under

Ministry of Power– NTPC Limited, Power Finance Corporation Limited, Rural Electrification Corporation Limited and

POWERGRID Corporation of India Limited.

It leads the market-related activities of the National Mission for Enhanced Energy Efficiency (NMEEE), one of the

eight national missions under National Action Plan on Climate Change


ELECTRIC VEHICLES

Panel headed by Y S Malik, has presented a 15 point plan to aid car manufacturers to switch from Internal Combustion

Engines (IECs) to Electric Vehicles (EVs).

The panel recommended to have approximate induction of 3 to 5% EVs, as against total manufactured vehicles,

the fuel efficiency norms have to be lower by 20-25 percent over FY 2017-18 data

Earlier, the Ministry of Transport had mandated car manufacturers to produce vehicles that are 30 per cent more

fuel-efficient by 2022. This is expected to help India meet the global CO2 emission norms, and likewise assist in

reducing its carbon footprint.

In order to incentivise electric car manufacturing, the panel seeks to provide tax deductions for scientific research,

and inhibit imports to protect and promote domestic manufacturing.

Additionally, manufacturers have been requested to keep their profit margins low for the first five years, given the

soaring costs of e-vehicles. Disbursement of low rate interest loans has also been suggested for buying EVs for

public transport services.

The Indian Space Research Organization (ISRO) has, on parallel lines, called upon industry leaders to make bids to

avail its indigenously developed Lithium-Ion Cell Technology.

National Electric Mobility Mission Plan - (NEMMP) 2020 with an aim to achieve national fuel security by promoting

hybrid and electric vehicles in the country. It set an ambitious target to achieve 6-7 million sales of hybrid and

electric vehicles year on year from 2020 onwards.


FAME-India (Faster Adoption and Manufacturing of (hybrid &) Electric vehicles in India) scheme: To support the

hybrid/electric vehicles market development and its manufacturing eco-system to achieve self-sustenance by

subsidizing electric vehicle purchases on an annual basis.

Scheme is proposed to be implemented till 2020.

The scheme has four focus areas viz. technology development, demand creation, pilot projects and charging

infrastructure

Climate Vulnerability Report

Climate Vulnerability

Assessment for the Indian

Himalayan Region Using a

Common Framework is a

first-ofits-kind report

prepared by the Department

of Science and Technology.

This follows an assessment

of the global warming risks

faced by 12 Himalayan States

— and discussed at last

year’s U.N. climate change

conference in Poland — that

found States such as Assam,

Arunachal Pradesh and Uttarakhand vulnerable to climate change.

According to the report, all the 12 Himalayan states in India are extremely vulnerable to global warming.

It is based on 4 indicators such as

1. The economic and sociological status of the people and their health,

2. Possible impact on agriculture production,

3. Forest-dependent livelihoods and

4. Access to information services and infrastructure

States having low per capita income, low area under irrigation and low area under forests per 1,000 households and

high area under open forests received a high vulnerability score.

Assam, Mizoram and Jammu & Kashmir topped the list.

Sikkim is the least vulnerable state.

Different factors contributed to a State’s vulnerability. In Arunachal Pradesh, the key factors are low female literacy

and high percentage of population above BPL whereas in Nagaland the key issues are loss of forest cover, steep

slope and high yield variability.

Address: 635, Ground Floor, Main Road, Dr. Mukherjee Nagar, Delhi 110009

Phone No: 011-47354625/ 26 , 9205274741/42, 011-49274400

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sustainable development - dhyeya ias · new kind of tiger reserve that is not built with fences and...

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