21/01/2014 U.L.B./BEAMS – SMART CITY BLOCK 1

An U.L.B. Research

presented by Frédéric Klopfert

Smart City Block

With the sponsorship of

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The energy-climate context

Global Energy Demand WEO 2012

Somewhere in Arctic

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Residential41%

Tertiary33%

Transport23%

Brussels, capital of Europe …

Source: IBGE 2009

Cities emissions: ➨ Building performance 150 kWh/m2.Y 15 kWh/m2.Y ➨ Building materials 50 % CO2 in grey energy (50kWh/m2.Y, 50Y) ➨ Behavioral practices the way people approach consumption

Primary Energy Consumption in Brussels Region (TWh)

Tertiary Residential Transport

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• RES 20/20/20 Directive • EPDB (Building Efficiency) • EED (Energy Efficiency)

Regulatory Context

• Post-Kyoto • Conference Of the Parties (COP) • Multi / Bilateral negotiations

➔ 20% Energy Efficiency ➔ 20% Renewable Energy ➔ 20 % CO2 reduction

➔ NZEB 2020

• BATEX (incitative) • Passive standard 2015 (regulatory)

➔ 80-95% CO2 reduction by 2050

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Energy Efficiency, habits and rebound effect

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How can we plan ?

Can such “human behaviour” be planned?

• Individualism vs increased need for social links • Mobility vs car • Security vs isolation • Evolving work patterns • Lifestyle trends • Migratory flows • ….

Which approach is best suited ?

• Top-down (city planning) • Bottom-up (grassroots initiatives) • Intermediate (participative & oriented)

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The Smart City Block Project

Objectives • Reduce energy consumption of households/SME • Increase quality of life • Tackle the renovation, not only new buildings • Take into account population and housing diversity • Currently concentrated on Brussels

New paradigms and methodological approaches • Innovative concept of renovation at block-level • Beyond individual level but not at city planning level • Trans-disciplinary (Technology and Human sciences)

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Starting point ➔ Select an adequate level of intervention

➔ Include technical and lifestyle elements

The Smart City Block Project

City

Municipality

District

Statistical Sector

City block

Street

Street section

Address Place Flagey, Brussels – source Google Earth

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From Idea to Feasibility Study

Segm

ent

Sele

ctio

n

Existing projects

Brussels

SCB Offer

Users survey

Stakeholder analysis

Early adopters Site Selection

Incentives

Co-elaboration Tools

Case studies

Technical Modeling

Economical Modeling

Participative Modeling

Co-elaboration Process

Feasability Studies

Conclusions

Fuel-Poor Relays

Benchmarking Feasability

Studies

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14 projects across EU and BE

Project

Focus

Social EnvI Energy Economic

BedZED UK, Beddington

Bo01 SE, Malmö

EVA-Lanxmeer NL, Culemborg

Hammarby Sjötad SE, Stockholm

Park 20|20 NL, Hoofdorp

Vauban DE, Freiburg

Vesterbro DK, Copenhagen

Biplan BE, Brussels

Dampoort BE, Gent

Globe BE, Brussels

L’Espoir BE, Brussels

Mundo-B BE, Brussels

Pic Au Vent BE, Tournai

Savonnerie Heymans BE, Brussels

• New or Renovation • 0,1 to 200 Ha surface • 25 to 26.000 people • Residential, tertiary or mix

Highly diverse, and mostly recent experiences show the multiplicity of approaches and the complexity of analyzing existing eco-district experiences

Existing projects

Brussels

SCB Offer

Users survey

Stakeholder analysis

Next steps

Incentives

Conclusions

Case studies

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Focus on different renovation approaches

BedZED, UK

➔ Private Initiative ➔ Old Coalmine site ➔ 82 houses and community services ➔ Full district reconstruction

➔ Public / Private Initiative ➔ Center of city (Molenbeek) ➔ 14 houses with garden ➔ House reconstruction

L’ESPOIR, Brussels

DISTRICT RENOVATION NEW DISTRICT

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City

Municipality

District

Statistical Sector

City block

Street

Street section

Address

Harnessing data

Abundant information exists from various sources and with various levels of accuracy.

≈ 700

≈ 3.500

The city block has been chosen as the most suited portion of a city to develop and implement community service-oriented solutions

Information must be structured and concatenated into meaningful analysis criteria

Existing projects

Brussels

SCB Offer

Users survey

Stakeholder analysis

Incentives

Case studies

Next steps

Conclusions

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Population

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Population

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Mobility

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Mobility

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Buildings

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Buildings Buildings

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Economic

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Segmentation methodology : PCA

PCA

59 criteria – 3,500 blocks

Eastern part of the city made of apartments and offices, above average socio-economic level

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Final SCB Segmentation

Central older districts with low socio-economic index, town

houses dominance with shops and industrial remainders

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Final SCB Segmentation

High Net Worth population; dominance peripheral villas and (semi-)detached houses

with gardens

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Final SCB Segmentation

Higher Medium socio-economic index population, dominance of

mid 20 century apartments

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Selection methodology: composite indicators

CI

• Ecological deficit • Social deficit

24 criteria – 3,500 blocks

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Selecting test blocks out of 14 types

3.500 blocks

3.500 blocks

High cumulated deficit

45% of blocks

➔ Selection of 3 interesting block types (I, H, M) for initial survey ➔ Choice of representative blocks within each type

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Selected blocks for the survey

• Large blocks with homogeneous buildings • Small gardens • Important mobility problem • Low diversity

I (social deficit) H (ecological deficit) • Low density • High sanding villas • Renovation at various periods

• Apartments in joint buildings • Above average social status • Part of the first dense crown, Mid-

20th century

M (Most represented)

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« Element » Physical element (construction, interior or exterior space, infrastructure, equipment, resource, etc.) which can be proposed during renovation for bringing energy savings, economic savings, increasing social interactions or reducing environmental impacts.

SCB solutions offering (1/5)

Existing projects

Brussels

SCB Offer

Users survey

Stakeholder analysis

Incentives

Case studies

Flux

Chaleur

Froid

Eau

Electricité

Gaz

Données

Espaces

Temp.

Lumière

Sol

Ventilation

Accès

Autres

Infrastructure

Mobilier

Equipement électro-ménager

Equipements techniques

Véhicules

Petit matériel, accessoires

Matériel d’entretien et de réparation

Tâches

Étude

Réalisation

Fonctionne-ment

Activités

qui pourront s’y développer

synergies possibles

Avantages

Environnement

Énergie

Economique

Fonctionnalité

Social

Scénarios

Techniques

Pratiques sociales

Next steps

Conclusions

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SCB solutions offering (2/5)

Existing projects

Brussels

SCB Offer

Users survey

Stakeholder analysis

Incentives

Case studies

Next steps

Conclusions

Technique Energie Panneaux solaires photovoltaïques Panneaux solaires thermiques

Pompe à chaleur géothermique réversible

Pompe à chaleur air/air réversible Récupérateur thermique Réseau thermique Cogénération

Biogaz

Enveloppe Isolation Ventilation mécanique Ombrage Toiture verte Façade verte Combles Revêtement de façade

Ouvertures (éclairage)

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SCB solutions offering (3/5)

Environnemental (15) Mobilité Parking Vélo Parking voiture Vélo partagé Voiture partagé Réseaux de circulation Déchets Espace tri-déchets

Compost

Eau

Récupération & traitement d'eaux grises

Récupération & traitement d'eau de pluie

Espaces extérieurs Potager Toiture verte Façade verte Aire de jeux/sport Jardin/terrasse

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SCB solutions offering (4/5)

Social (29) Sports/détente Salle slow sport Salle Fitness

Piscine + bien-être thalasso/sauna/hammam

Travail/intellectuel Bureau partagé Salle de réunion Salle d'étude/lecture Taches domestiques Buanderie Atelier Pièce stockage Alimentation Cuisine Surgélateur Cellier Cave à vin Potager Loisirs Chambre d'hôte Cuisine Local répétition musique/concert Salle de fêtes Jardin/terrasse Aire de jeux/sport Salle exposition Cinéma/théâtre/conférence Salle de rencontres/salle de quartier Salle TV/Hifi Education Salle d'études/lecture Crèche Divers Sanitaires Maison ou élément témoin

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SCB solutions offering (5/5)

« Scenario » A combination of elements that are closely interrelated.

Technical scenario are linked by physical flows (energy, water, ...) Human scenario refer to elements that are linked by human activities.

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A solution element - example

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Profitability analysis of an investment

Existing projects

Brussels

SCB Offer

Users survey

Stakeholder analysis

Incentives

Case studies

Next steps

Conclusions

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People’s reactions ?

Source: master thesis C. Meeus 2012-2013

Existing projects

Brussels

SCB Offer

Users survey

Stakeholder analysis

Incentives

Case studies

Next steps

Conclusions

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Can incentivation programs help?

Existing projects

Brussels

SCB Offer

Users survey

Stakeholder analysis

Incentives

Case studies

Type d’incitant Extrinsèque Intrinsèque

Financier Primes, subsides, etc. (offerts par les pouvoirs publics)

Gain financier grâce aux économies de ressources réalisées, etc. (dans le cadre d’un SCB)

Non-financier Monnaies complémentaires de type Eco-Iris, E-portemonnee, Torekes, etc. (extérieurs à SCB)

Place de parking, toiture verte, véhicules partagés, cuisine commune, etc. (dans le cadre d’un SCB)

Study of financial and non-financial incentives

Next steps

Conclusions

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Main stakeholders of a SCB project

• Private sector – Architects

– Consulting firms (engineering, construction, design, social economy, urban planning, environment)

– Real-estate promoters

– Energy producers/suppliers

– Local inhabitants comittees

• Public sector – European Union

– Federal, regional governments

– Local authorities (19)

• Initiatives – Contrats de quartiers durables

– Quartiers durables citoyens

– Partenariats Public Privé

Source: master thesis C. Meeus 2012-2013

Existing projects

Brussels

SCB Offer

Users survey

Stakeholder analysis

Incentives

Case studies

Next steps

Conclusions

21/01/2014 U.L.B./BEAMS – SMART CITY BLOCK 40 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016

From Idea to Feasibility Study

Segm

ent

Sele

ctio

n

Existing projects

Brussels

SCB Offer

Users survey

Stakeholder analysis

Early adopters Site Selection

Incentives

Co-elaboration Tools

Case studies

Technical Modeling

Economical Modeling

Participative Modeling

Co-elaboration Process

Feasability Studies

Conclusions

Fuel-Poor Relays

Benchmarking Feasability

Studies

Existing projects

Brussels

SCB Offer

Users survey

Stakeholder analysis

Next Steps

Incentives

Conclusions

Case studies

21/01/2014 U.L.B./BEAMS – SMART CITY BLOCK 41

Next steps

Existing projects

Brussels

SCB Offer

Users survey

Stakeholder analysis

Next Steps

Incentives

Case studies

Sélection par affinages successifs • Critères techniques • Critères participatifs • Site internet, communication

Modélisation: • Consommations/productions • Coûts/bénéfices • Gouvernance et incitants • Modes de financements

Adhésion des participants: • Maquettes • Jeux participatifs • Simulations informatiques

Précarité énergétique: • Offre orienté confort de vie • Analyses de groupes cibles • Relais identifiés

(CPAS, FCSS/RWADE/Convivence, etc.)

• Benchmark de solutions

Analyse détaillée et conclusions

2012 2013 2014 2015 2016

Early adoptersSite Selection

Co-elaborationTools

TechnicalModeling

EconomicalModeling

ParticipativeModeling

Co-elaborationProcess

FeasabilityStudies

Conclusions

Fuel-PoorRelays

BenchmarkingFeasability

Studies

Conclusions

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Reasons to be here

• Strong SCB concept with high interests from academic and industrial stakeholders

• Possible solution t help solve the challenges cities are facing

• Need for partners to achieve the next steps – Building stakeholders

– Social and urban planners

– Innovative financial partners

– European research programs

Sustainable districts Brussels Region

2012

Imagination is everything. It is the preview of life's coming attractions.

A. Einstein

Existing projects

Brussels

SCB Offer

Users survey

Stakeholder analysis

Next Steps

Incentives

Conclusion

Case studies

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Smart City Block

Promotor: Prof. J.C. Maun Coordinators: F. Klopfert O. Mortehan C. Lhoir H. Joachain

Ecole Polytechnique de Bruxelles Service BEAMS

scb@ulb.ac.be